연령, BMI, 질병노출로 인한 탈수 위험

김선희 ( Sun-hee Kim ),천성수 ( Sung-soo Chun ),최명섭 ( Myung-sup Choi ),윤미은 ( Mi-eun Yun ) 대한보건협회 2018 대한보건연구 Vol.44 No.4

연구목적: 본 연구의 목적은 종합건강검진 수검자의 신체측정과 혈액검사를 통해 탈수 위험요인에 대해 조사하는 것이다. 연구방법: 연구 분석을 위해 Sodium (Na⁺), BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) 및 FBS (Fasting Blood Sugar)의 데이터가 유효한 5,391개의 샘플을 선택하여 혈장삼투압 탈수지표를 계산하였다. 조사 데이터는 2014.01.01과 2015.12.31사이에 삼육서울의료원 종합건강검진센터를 방문한 검진 수검자로부터 수집되었다. 탈수와 연령, 체질량지수(BMI), 질병노출(고혈압, 당뇨병, 이상지질혈증, 신장장애)의 관계를 성별로 구분하여 분석하였다. 연구결과: 탈수 교차비는 남성과 여성 모두 50대 이상 연령부터 통계적 유의성이 나타났다. 비만여성은 탈수에 취약했으나 남성은 BMI 차이에 통계적 유의성이 나타나지 않았다. 질병에 노출된 그룹(고혈압, 당뇨병, 이상 지질 혈증, 신장 장애)은 탈수에 취약하였다. 또한 질병노출 수가 많을수록 교차비가 높아 탈수 위험도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 노화, BMI증가, 질병노출은 탈수에 취약하게 하는 위험요인으로 나타났다. 50세 이후 연령대는 탈수예방을 위해 BMI와 만성질환 조절에 특별한 주의가 요구된다. 질병발생에 잠재적인 자극 메커니즘으로 혈장 삼투압 증가에 영향을 끼치는 탈수 위험요인에 대한 추가 연구를 제안한다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors of dehydration from the subjects who underwent anthropometric and blood parameters testing during a comprehensive health screening. Methods : For the study analysis, 5,391 samples with valid data of the levels of Sodium(Na+), BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) and FBS(Fasting Blood Sugar) were selected to calculate a dehydration indicator of plasma osmolality. The study data was collected from the health screening examinees who visited Sahmyook Medical Center Seoul Adventist Hospital Comprehensive Health Check-up Center from 2014.01.01 to 2015.12.31. The relationship between dehydration and age group, BMI, disease exposures(hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, kidney disorder) were analyzed by gender. Results : The odds ratio of dehydration showed statistical significance from age≥50 in both male and female, respectively. The female obese group was vulnerable to dehydration while the male study group showed no statistical significance in the BMI difference. The disease exposed groups(hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, kidney disorder) were vulnerable to dehydration. Also, the more types of disease carried by the exposed patients, the higher odds ratio and susceptibility to dehydration. Conclusions : Aging, increasing BMI, and exposed to diseases were found to be the risk factors for vulnerability to dehydration. To prevent dehydration, special caution to be taken for those in the ≥50s group, along with controlling BMI and chronic diseases. Further studies are suggested to investigate the risk factors of dehydration that may affect increasing plasma osmolality as a potential stimulus mechanism in disease outbreaks.

Differential proteomic analyses of green microalga <i>Ettlia</i> sp. at various dehydration levels

Sajjad, Saba,Ha, Ji-San,Seo, Seong-Hyun,Yoon, Tae-Sung,Oh, Hee-Mock,Lee, Hyung-Gwan,Kang, Sunghyun Elsevier 2020 Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Water deprivation could be a lethal stress for aquatic and aero-terrestrial organisms. <I>Ettlia</I> sp. is a unicellular photosynthetic freshwater microalga. In the present study, proteomic alterations and physiological characteristics of <I>Ettlia</I> sp. were analyzed to comprehend the molecular changes in dehydrated conditions. Varying levels of dehydration were achieved by incubating drained <I>Ettlia</I> sp. in different relative humidity environments for 24 hours. Using a comparative proteomic analysis, 52 differentially expressed protein spots were identified that could be divided into eight functional groups. The PCA analysis of normalized protein expression values demonstrated a clear segregation of protein expression profiles among different dehydration levels. Identified proteins could be grouped into four clusters based on their expression profiles. Proteins relating to photosynthesis comprised the largest group with 25% of the identified proteins that were decreased in dehydrated samples and belonged to cluster I. The photosynthetic activities were measured with rehydrated <I>Ettlia</I> sp. These results revealed that photosynthesis remained inhibited over extended time in response to dehydration. The expressions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger proteins increased in strong dehydration and were assigned to cluster III. Carbon metabolism proteins were suppressed, which might limit energy consumption, whereas glycolysis was activated at mild dehydration. The accumulation of desiccation-associated late embryogenesis proteins might inhibit the aggregation of housekeeping proteins. DNA protective proteins were expressed higher in the dehydrated state, which might reduce DNA damage, and membrane-stabilizing proteins increased in abundance in desiccation. These findings provide an understanding of <I>Ettlia</I>'s adaptation and survival capabilities in a dehydrated state.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Proteomic analyses of <I>Ettlia</I> sp. demonstrated distinct protein expression profiles at the different levels of dehydration. </LI> <LI> Total of 52 differentially expressed proteins were identified and clustered into four groups based on the expression patterns. </LI> <LI> Proteins involved in carbon metabolism and photosynthesis were downregulated under dehydration stress. </LI> <LI> Antioxidants, chaperone and DNA protective proteins accumulated in response to dehydration stress. </LI> <LI> Upon the rehydration, <I>Ettlia</I> sp. showed lower photosynthesis and growth in accordance with the severities of dehydration. </LI> </UL> </P>

Cytokinin receptor-dependent and receptor-independent pathways in the dehydration response of Arabidopsis thaliana

Kang, N.Y.,Cho, C.,Kim, N.Y.,Kim, J. G. Fischer 2012 Journal of plant physiology Vol.169 No.14

Cytokinin signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana utilizes a multi-step two-component signaling (TCS) system comprised of sensor histidine kinases (AHKs), histidine phosphotransfer proteins (AHPs), and response regulators (ARRs). Recent studies have suggested that the cytokinin TCS system is involved in a variety of other signaling and metabolic pathways. To further explore a potential function of the cytokinin TCS in the Arabidopsis dehydration stress response, we investigated the expression of all type-A ARR genes and a type-C ARR, ARR22, in both wild type and ahk single, double, and triple mutants in response to dehydration compared to cytokinin as well as dehydration tolerance of ahk mutants. We found that drought significantly induced the expression of a subset of ARR genes, ARR5, ARR7, ARR15, and ARR22. The results of expression analyses in ahk single, double, and triple mutants demonstrated that the cytokinin receptors AHK2 and AHK3 are redundantly involved in dehydration-inducible expression of ARR7, but not that of ARR5, ARR15, or ARR22. Dehydration tolerance assays showed that ahk2 and ahk3 single mutants exhibited enhanced dehydration tolerance compared with that of wild-type plants and ahk4 mutants, and that ahk2 ahk3 double mutants exhibited stronger drought tolerance than that of ahk3 ahk4, which exhibited more enhanced drought tolerance than that of wild-type plants and ahk single mutants. Taken together, these results demonstrate that while the cytokinin receptors AHK2 and AHK3 are critically involved in the dehydration tolerance response, both cytokinin receptor-dependent pathway and receptor-independent pathway occur in the dehydration response regulating ARR gene expression. In addition, preincubating ahk2, ahk3, ahk4, and the wild-type plants with cytokinin induced enhanced dehydration stress tolerance in these plants, demonstrating that cytokinins are involved in regulating plant response to dehydration stress.

요양병원 입원 노인의 입원 시 탈수 관련 요인

김숙녀 ( Kim Sooknyeo ),김춘길 ( Kim Chun-gill ),황주희 ( Hwang Juhee ),정덕유 ( Jung Dukyoo ),신동수 ( Shin Dong-soo ) 대한보건협회 2017 대한보건연구 Vol.43 No.1

연구목적 : 본 연구는 요양병원에 입원하는 노인들의 입원 시 탈수 정도를 비침습적 방법으로 확인하고 이와 관련 요인들을 파악하기 위하여 시행하였다. 연구방법 : 연구대상은 C 도시 일개 요양병원에 2014년 1월부터 12월까지 입원한 65세 이상 노인 336명 중 입원 시 요비 중 기록이 있는 306명이다. 자료 수집은 IRB 승인 후 의무기록지를 통해 후향적으로 수집하였다. 일반적 특성은 성별, 연령, 입원 전 거주지, 보험 종류 등이며 질병관련 특성은 입원 시 진단명 및 질환 수, 약물 복용 수, 이뇨제, 변완화제 복용 상태, 인지기능과 일상생활수행능력 등이고, 탈수정도는 요비중 1.020 미만은 정상군, 1.020-1.029미만은 임박탈수군, 1.029 이상을 탈수군으로 구분하였다. 연구결과 : 본 연구 대상인 요양 병원 입원 노인의 약 28.4%가 임박 탈수 또는 탈수군에 속하였다. 탈수군과 정상군의 차이를 확인한 결과 골절이 없는 대상자는 약 3배, 이뇨제를 복용하지 않는 대상자는 약 2.7배 탈수군에 속할 확률이 높았다. 결론 : 본 연구 결과 골절이나 이뇨제 복용 등 돌봄의 우선순위가 높은 상태는 아니지만 인지기능이나 일상생활수행능력은 저하된 대상자가 탈수군에 속할 가능성이 높았다. 따라서 병원이나 시설에 있는 노인환자 그리고 고령의 지역사회 거주 노인에게는 중재 제공자의 적극적인 개입이 필요하다. 추후 노인 전 연령대를 포함한 대단위 조사를 통해 다양한 요인들을 확인하는 연구를 제안한다. Objective: This study aimed to identify older patients` dehydration status by urine specific gravity (USG) which was a non-invasive test. Factors related to dehydration were also identified. Methods: Participants were 306 older patients aged 65 and over who had been admitted in a LTC hospital between January 1st and December 31st in 2014. Upon the IRB approval, data in medical records were gathered retrospectively. Study variables were gender, age, place before admission, insurance type (demographic characteristics), diagnosis at admission, number of diseases, diuretics, laxatives, number of all medication, K-MMSE and K-ADL (health-related characteristics), and USG. Dehydration status were divided into normal (< 1.020), impending dehydration (1.020? USG <1.029), and dehydration (?1.029). Results: About 28.4% of the participants were either in impending dehydration or in dehydration. The odds of dehydration among those without a fracture were three times higher than those of their counterparts with a fracture, while those who didn`t take diuretics were 2.9 times likely to be dehydrated than their counterparts on diuretics. Conclusion: The results of this study implied that older patients without intensive care needs would be at risks of dehydration. Hydration management needs to be included as a routine intervention both LTC hospitals and community health care settings. A muiti-site follow-up study would be beneficial.

In-Situ Dehydration Test of Shield Spoil in Mudstone and Pebble Soil Composite Stratum

Dongping Zhao,Sixun Wen,Qi He,Feng Wang,Baihao Zhang,Zhuyan Wang,Huachang Fang,Ye Qin 대한토목학회 2024 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.28 No.1

When earth pressure balance (EPB) shield machine is driving in mudstone sand pebble composite stratum, it will produce a large amount of spoil with high water content. The high moisture content of spoil not only increases the difficulty and cost of transportation, but also easily leads to environmental pollution problems. In this paper, based on the shield tunnel project of Chengdu Metro Line 30, the hydraulic characteristic of shield spoil was tested, and on this basis, laboratory tests of shield spoil dehydration were carried out according to the designed precipitation scheme. The results show that: 1) The moisture content of the EPB shield spoil in the mudstone sand pebble composite stratum is as high as 55.2%, and its permeability coefficient is basically the same as that of silt, and the shield residue has the condition of in-situ dehydration. 2) The dehydration amount and residue moisture content of spoil in slope-type spoil pit showed a linear relationship with time, and the dehydration rate is slow and the total precipitation is less. In other schemes, the dehydration amount and water content of spoil increase rapidly in the first 24 hours and slowly in the later period. 3) Considering the total amount and speed of dehydration within 24 hours, the dehydration effect of spoil pit is ranked from high to low: 3D gravel cage wall spoil pit > 3D spoil pit with vacuum pumping > 3D permeable stone spoil pit > 3D spoil pit > Slope-type spoil pit. 4) 3D gravel cage wall spoil pit has high dewatering efficiency, and vacuum pumping can assist the discharge of water. It is recommended to use 3D gravel cage wall spoil pit and vacuum pumping scheme for on-site EPB tunnel spoil dewatering.

급성장염으로 인한 탈수 환아에서 혈청 요산의 염상적 유용성

송준호,장명완,유황재,김철흥,Song, Jun Ho,Jang, Myung Wan,Yoo, Hwang Jae,Kim, Cheol Hong 대한소아소화기영양학회 2006 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.9 No.1

목 적: 급성 장염은 소아의 유병률과 사망률의 중요한 원인이기 때문에, 탈수 정도를 정확하게 평가하여 교정하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 이러한 탈수평가에서 임상적 척도들과 검사실 지표들의 효용성이 비교 연구되어 왔고, 검사실 지표들의 효용성이 비교 연구되어 왔고, 검사실 지표들 중 BUN, creatinine, 중탄산엽, 혈당, 요비중 등이 쉽게 검체를 얻을 수 있고 신속하게 결과를 알 수 있어 많이 연구되어 왔다. 본 연구는 이러한 검사실 지표들과 함께 요산을 체중 변화에 의한 탈수의 정도와 비교하고자 하였다. 방 법: 2002년 6월부터 2003년 12월까지 관동대학교 명지병원에 장염으로 인한 탈수증세로 입원한 환자 90명을 대상으로 하였다. 수액치료를 하기 전에 각각의 환자의 체중을 측정하였고, 퇴원 전에 다시 체중을 측정하여, ([최종 체중-초기 체중/최종체중]${\times}100$)으로 환아의 체중 감소량을 측정하여 각각 경증, 중등도, 중증 탈수군으로 분류하여, BUN, creatinine, 혈청 중탄산염, 혈당, 혈청 요산, 요비중과 비교하였다. 결 과: 경증 탈수군은 54명으로 전체의 60%, 중등도 탈수군은 24명으로 전체의 26%, 중증 탈수군 12명으로 전체의 14%에 해당하여 경증 탈수군이 가장 많은 비율을 차지한 것으로 나타났다. BUN, creatinine, 혈청 중탄산염, 혈당, 요비중은 탈수 정도와 통계학적으로 유의하지 않았으나, 요산은 통계학적으로 유의한 결과를 보였다. 혈청 요산 7 mg/dL을 기준으로 중등도 이상의 탈수 예측치의 민감도와 특이도를 조사한 결과 민감도는 66.6%, 특이도는 87.1%, 양성 예측도는 77.4%, 음성 예측도는 79.6%이었다. 결 론: 본 연구에 혈청 요산이 탈수 정도와 연관이 있었다. 따라서 임상적 지표와 함께 혈청 요산을 탈수 판단의 지표로 사용했을 경우 소아장염 환아에서 조기에 탈수 정도를 파악하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각되나 이에 대해서는 좀 더 광범위한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. Purpose: The estimation of fluid deficit is crucial to the proper management of dehydrated children. Without well-documented serial weights on the same scale, the estimation of any given child's fluid deficit is imprecise and dependent largely on subjective clinical criteria. Despite the abundance of literature on clinical and laboratory evaluation of dehydration, few studies have focused on serum uric acid. So, we examined the usefulness of scrum uric acid in gastroenteritis patients with dehydration. Methods: Medical records of 90 gastroenteritis patients were retrospectively reviewed. By the body weight loss, we classified patients with mild, moderate, and severe dehydration groups. We studied the relevance of laboratory data (BUN, creatinine, serum bicarbonate, glucose, urine specific gravity, and uric acid) with dehydration. Results: 54 children (60%) were dehydrated mildly, 24 (26%) dehydrated and moderately, and 12 (14%) dehydrated severely. Statistically significant differences in BUN, creatinine, serum bicarbonate, glucose, and urine specific gravity could not be observed. But there was significant relationship between uric acid and the degree of dehydration. Data analysis suggested that the level of 7.0 mg/dL is the best cut-off value for predicting the development of moderate or severe dehydration. At this cut-off value, the sensitivity and specificity were 66.6% and 87.1%. Conclusion: Our study supports that the measurement of serum uric acid with traditional scale is useful for predicting the development of dehydration. But, in order 10 be used as the indicator for proper treatment at an earlier stage, further validation about serum uric acid is necessary.

혈중 요소질소와 크레아티닌 비율에 근거한 성인 여자의 탈수 여부에 따른 영양소 섭취 정도와 앉아서 보내는 시간과의 관련성: 2016∼2018년 국민건강영양조사를 이용하여

이금선 ( Geum-seon Lee ),김선희 ( Sun-hee Kim ),채수진 ( Su-jin Chae ),윤미은 ( Mi-eun Yun ) 대한영양사협회 2021 대한영양사협회 학술지 Vol.27 No.4

There is a dearth of Korean studies on dehydration, one of the health risks for adult women. This study analyzed the subjects of the 2016∼2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) to investigate the relationship between nutrient intake ratios and sedentary time in dehydrated women. Body mass index and waist circumference in the dehydrated group (DG) were significantly higher than the normal group (NG). Intake of other liquids in the DG was significantly higher than in the NG, but total water intake in the DG was significantly lower than in the NG. Compared to the 600 sedentary minutes or more per day group, the odds ratio of dehydration was significantly higher in the less than 300 sedentary minutes per day group (1.871 [95% CI: 1.579∼2.215], P<0.001). Compared to the drinking over 6.0 cups of water per day group, the odds ratio of dehydration was significantly higher in the 3 cups or fewer per day (OR [95% CI] is 1.198 times [1.019 to 1.408], P<0.05), and 6.0 cups or fewer group (OR [95% CI] is 1.162 times [1.018 to 1.326], P<0.05). The results of this study showed that the total water intake was relatively lower in the ≥600 sedentary minutes per day group compared to the 300 sedentary minutes per day group, making them more vulnerable to dehydration. The nutrient intake ratios were higher in the dehydration group than in the normal group. In conclusion, emphasis should be placed on the importance of hydration and nutrition education for adult women in the workplace.

Diverting ileostomy itself may not increase the rate of postoperative readmission related to dehydration after low anterior resection

Sung Sil Park,Min Jung Kim,Dong-Eun Lee,Sung Chan Park,Kyung Su Han,Chang Won Hong,Dae Kyung Sohn,Hee Jin Chang,Jae Hwan Oh 대한외과학회 2021 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.101 No.2

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the risk of readmission in the first year after low anterior resection (LAR) for patients with rectal cancer and to identify the contributing factors for readmission related to dehydration specifically. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 570 patients who underwent LAR for rectal cancer at National Cancer Center, Republic of Korea. A diverting loop ileostomy was performed in 357 (62.6%) of these patients. Readmission was defined as an unplanned visit to the emergency room or admission to the ward. The reasons for readmission were reviewed and compared between the ileostomy (n = 357) and no-ileostomy (n = 213) groups. The risk factors for readmission and readmission due to dehydration were analyzed using multivariable logistic and Cox proportional hazard model. Results: Dehydration was the most common cause of readmission in both groups (ileostomy group, 6.7%, and no-ileostomy group, 4.7%, P = 0.323). On multivariable analysis, risk factors for readmission were an estimated intraoperative blood loss of ≥400 mL (odds ratio [OR], 1.757; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.058–2.918; P = 0.029), and postoperative chemotherapy (OR, 2.914; 95% CI, 1.824–4.653; P < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, postoperative chemotherapy, and not a diverting loop ileostomy, was an independent risk factor for dehydration-related readmission (OR, 5.102; 95% CI, 1.772–14.688; P = 0.003). Conclusion: The most common cause of readmission after LAR for rectal cancer was dehydration, as reported previously. Postoperative chemotherapy, not the creation of a diverting ileostomy, was identified as the risk factor associated with readmission related to dehydration.

The impact of fire suppression tasks on firefighter hydration

Adam Walker,Rodney Pope,Robin Marc Orr 대한직업환경의학회 2016 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.28 No.-

Background: Firefighting is a highly stressful occupation with unique physical challenges, apparel and environments that increase the potential for dehydration. Dehydration leaves the firefighter at risk of harm to their health, safety and performance. The purpose of this review was to critically analyse the current literature investigating the impact of fighting ‘live’ fires on firefighter hydration. Methods: A systematic search was performed of four electronic databases for relevant published studies investigating the impact of live fire suppression on firefighter hydration. Study eligibility was assessed using strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. The included studies were critically appraised using the Downs and Black protocol and graded according to the Kennelly grading system. Results: Ten studies met the eligibility criteria for this review. The average score for methodological quality was 55 %, ranging from 50 % (‘fair’ quality) to 61 % (‘good’ quality) with a ‘substantial agreement’ between raters (k = .772). Wildfire suppression was considered in five studies and structural fire suppression in five studies. Results varied across the studies, reflecting variations in outcome measures, hydration protocols and interventions. Three studies reported significant indicators of dehydration resulting from structural fire suppression, while two studies found mixed results, with some measures indicating dehydration and other measures an unchanged hydration status. Three studies found non-significant changes in hydration resulting from wildfire firefighting and two studies found significant improvements in markers of hydration. Ad libitum fluid intake was a common factor across the studies finding no, or less severe, dehydration. Conclusions: The evidence confirms that structural and wildfire firefighting can cause dehydration. Ad libitum drinking may be sufficient to maintain hydration in many wildfire environments but possibly not during intense, longer duration, hot structural fire operations. Future high quality research better quantifying the effects of these influences on the degree of dehydration is required to inform policies and procedures that ensure firefighter health and safety.

뇌실곁핵 (paraventricular nuclei)에서 탈수자극에 의한 neuropeptide 면역반응양상 변화

박인식(In-Sick Park),김진택(Jin-Taek Kim) 대한해부학회 1999 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.32 No.1

Dehydration induced an increase in plasma osmotic pressure that causes the release of the neurohypophysial hormone (Vasopresin, Oxytocin) which are synthesized in neurons of the paraventricular (PVN) and supra optic (SON) nuclei in the hypothalamus. On the other hand, PVN which plays an important role as an integration site for the neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous system neurons responded to osmotic stimulation. In this experiment, we studied that the change of several neuropeptidies (AVP: arginine vasopressin, CRF: corticotrophin releasing factor, GAL: galanin, NT: neurotensin. NPY: neuropeptide Y) immunoreactivity in the PVN according to the dehydration. The body weight of the rats decreased during dehydration and various changes were detected in hypothalamic neuropeptidies immunoreactivity.Our results show that: 1. Dehydration significantly increased AVP, CRF and GAL immunoreactivity in the PVN. 2. Dehydration slowly decreased NT immunoreactivity in the PVN. 3. NPY immunoreactive cell bodys were appeared during dehydration which did not observed in PVN at normal group. 인위적인 탈수자극이 뇌실곁핵 (paraventricular nuclei; PVN)에 존재하는 여러 신경전달물질 (arginine vasopressin; AVP, corticotropin releasing factor; CRF, galaine; GAL, neurotensin; NT, neuropeptide Y; NPY)의 분포양상에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 조사하기 위해 면역조직화학적 기법을 이용하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 실험동물은 체중 200 g 내외의 숫컷 흰쥐를 사용했으며 대조군과 7일동안 식수의 공급을 중지시킨 탈수군으로 나누어 시행한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 탈수기간동안 실험동물의 체중은 급격하게 감소하여 탈수 7일군에서는 약 46%의 체중감소를 나타내었다. 1. 탈수자극에 영향을 받는다고 알려진 AVP, CRF 그리고 GAL 면역반응 양성신경세포와 신경섬유는 뇌실곁핵에서 실험 기간동안 계속하여 증가하는 경향이 관찰되었다. 2. 뇌실곁핵에서 NT 면역양성 세포체와 신경섬유는 탈수기간 동안 점차적으로 감소하였으며 7일군에서는 급속히 감소하 여 나타났다. 3. NPY 면역양성신경세포는 정상군에서는 신경섬유만이 나타났는데 탈수자극 7일군에서는 뇌실곁핵의 거대신경세포지역 (magnocellular part)에서 많은 신경세포체가 관찰되었다.