의료인문학 관점에서의 문학을 통한 죽음교육 가능성 탐구

SONGMEILING,김재현,김춘이,장경주,최봉도 계명대학교 의과대학 2023 계명의대학술지 Vol.42 No.2

The purpose of this study is to examine the possibility of medical humanities from the perspective of death literature and to explore educational possibilities. In this study, the possibility of medical humanities from the perspective of death literature was considered by dividing it into the effect of death education in poetry, the effect of death education in novels, and the effect of death education in essays. As a result, the possibility of death education using poetry seems to be key to triggering the imagination related to the experiences of students through the medium of death poetry implied in symbolic language. The possibility of death education using novels seems to be meaningful in indirectly experiencing life and death by using the characteristics of transitional experience of novels and having them worry about the true meaning and value of life. The possibility of death education using essays is that they can utilize the characteristics of empathic experiences of essays. Essays contain actual events rather than fiction and are expected to be effective in education on death because they present the author's direct experience and accompanying emotions. In conclusion, this study is meaningful in suggesting the application of medical humanities education that integrates and improves the direction of death education as human-centered medicine based on clinical and medical science as a humanistic understanding of death.

에밀리 디킨슨 시의 죽음과 영원불멸

양현철 ( Hyun Chul Yang ) 한국현대영어영문학회 2012 현대영어영문학 Vol.56 No.2

This study aims to examine Dickinson`s perception of death as suggested by her poetry. In her poems, the consciousness of death moves in two directions: toward a perception of the death of a mortal being, and simultaneously toward a poetic vision going beyond a conventional concept of death. Her consciousness eliminated the conventional notion of death as the end of life. To transcend the conventional notion of death is to gain a perception that death is not the end of life, but the acquisition of immortality. It is important to note that closely related to her death poetry are her poems on the subject of immortality. Death is indivisible with time in eternity as well as immortality. The poems in regard with time and death contain Dickinson`s deep concern of enlarging human conditions both in reality and in consciousness. To appreciate the relationship of time-death- eternity is the first step into her world. However, she finally doubts and denies the reality of immortality through death. Rather, she finds the ultimate fulfillment and a sincere and abiding faith in the immortality of nature, love and aesthetic beauty. So she chooses her own way in her poetry where she can have immortality. For her, poetry is perpetual and immortal life. She wonderfully gives a voice to her perception of death, as well as her poetic quest of immortality in her poetry. (Korea Nazarene University)

100세 시대와 죽음에 대한 성찰의 필요성

김영례 전북대학교 인문학연구소 2018 건지인문학 Vol.0 No.21

My purpose in this paper is to justify the necessity of death reflection. Death reflection is one way of solving the problems of hospice in current medical fields. Our society prepares for the age of 100-year, but unfortunately is interested only in health and economic aspects. This paper emphasizes the importance of death reflection in criticizing this aspect of our society. So in the chapter 2 I deal with the age of 100- year and the culture of death in our society, in the chapter 3 present philosophical study of death, and in the chapter 4 deal with the necessity and lessons of death reflection. In the consideration of 100-year long life, the death is being forgotten in our society, even if we already have entered the era of aging society. It is not good. Korea's death quality index, assessed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), is the lowest in the world. Without further treatment, what we need to rely on is not the state of the hi-tech medical devices, but the acceptance of death. It is the greatest tragedy for a human being to die without a chance to organize the end of his life, without a chance to give meaning to his life and death. To prevent this tragedy, it is the reflection of death that we must prepare like an essential item in the age of aging. Through death reflection, we can face death, understand it properly, and have willingness to accept death, so we can happily spend old age.

노인의 죽음준비 정도와 사회적 지지가 죽음 불안에 미치는 영향: 죽음에 대한 태도의 매개효과를 중심으로

이은희 한국비교정부학회 2020 한국비교정부학보 Vol.24 No.3

(Purpose) To acquire basic data on the realization of well-dying in the elderly, this study analyzed the effects of the elderly’s perception on the degree of death preparation, social support, and attitude towards death on death anxiety by utilizing the structural equation model. (Design/methodology/approach) In this study, a research model was established and analyzed that the preparation of death and social support directly affect the attitude and anxiety of death, and that the preparation of death and social support directly affect the anxiety of death through the attitude toward death. (Findings) The analysis revealed that the degree of death preparation and social support do not have direct effects, while attitude towards death directly affects death anxiety. These results indicate that future efforts to positively change the elderly’s attitude towards death are important to reduce death anxiety. (Research implications or Originality) To realize these efforts, a system to provide high-quality services for well-dying should be established based on the change of perception on the subject. Moreover, it is necessary to develop and distribute differentiated well-dying programs by age group to promote a positive attitude towards death, and cultivate a ready attitude to help the elderly choose a dignified death through the preparation for advance medical life prolongation.

Understanding the Fear of Death and Implications for Christian Education

유명복 한국기독교교육정보학회 2016 Journal of Christian education information tech Vol.0 No.30

Fear is a natural reaction to encounter with death. Dealing with fear of death is one of the most important elements for those facing death. Death fear and death anxiety are based on four concerns: (a) the death of self, (b) the deaths of significant others, (c) the process of dying, and (d) the state of being dead. Fears related to the process of dying can be further elaborated into concerns about dependency, pain, indignity, and isolation and the fear of leaving loved ones behind. Additional sources of fear include the finality of death, the fate of the body, and afterlife concerns such as divine judgment. Death education can reduce both fear of death and apprehension in individuals. Discussion of the dying process, management of pain and symptoms may remove some of the worry and uncertainty regarding dying. This paper will discuss the following: a Biblical view of death, fear of death, a developmental view of death anxiety, religion as a means to overcome death anxiety, and death education.

호스피스 자원봉사자의 죽음불안과 죽음에 대한 태도

김명희(Myunghee Kim),이병숙(Byoungsook Lee) 계명대학교 간호과학연구소 2009 계명간호과학 Vol.13 No.1

Purpose: This study was performed to identify death anxiety and attitude on death in hospice volunteers. Method: The subjects were 267 hospice volunteers from six general hospitals in Daegu-Kyungbuk area. Tools for the death anxiety developed by Park(1995) and the attitude for death, the Korean version of Thorson & Powell(1988) were used. SPSS/Win 12.0 was used for statistical analyses. Result: The average score of the death anxiety was 2.12(SD .59) in 4 score scale. In death anxiety, there were significant differences according to sex, occupation, religion and the frequency of volunteer service. And, these variables explained 11.6% of death anxiety. The average score of subject’s attitude to death was 2.91(SD .59) in 4 score scale, revealing the positive attitude to death. In attitude on death, there were significant differences according to religion, frequency of participating volunteer service, experience of the death of close relatives and the motivation of participating volunteer service. And these explained 6.6% of attitude on death. Negative correlation was found between the death anxiety and the attitude on death. Conclusion: The variables affecting death anxiety and attitude on death, such as sex, occupation, religion and frequency of participating volunteer services, and the motivation of participating volunteer services should be considered in the development of programs for hospice volunteers.

존 던시에 나타난 죽음과 사후

신현호 한국외국어대학교 외국문학연구소 2016 외국문학연구 Vol.- No.64

John Donne is one of the artists whose obsession with death is universally recognized. The purpose of the paper is to offer an interpretation of John Donne’s view of death and afterlife in his poetry. John Donne had a deep interest in the issue of death and tried to understand it ceaselessly throughout his lifetime. Death is one of the main subjects in his poems. His effort in conquering death is reflected in Songs and Sonnets and Holy Sonnets. The death in Songs and Sonnets is not real but imaginary and fictitious. However, the death of Holy Sonnets oppresses Donne in real life. Donne’s attitude toward death can be characterized by two aspects. The first one is the positive attitude that desires death eagerly. And the other is the negative attitude that refuses death persistently. Even though these two attitudes are paradoxical and conflicted, they have something in common. Finally, they were integrated into a transcendental attitude. Donne refused to think of death as the end of life. And he claimed that the way to conquer death was only through death. 죽음과 사후에 관한 생각은 인간 누구에게나 마음속에 자리하고 있다. 존 던은 죽음에 관한 문제에 깊은 관심을 가진 작가들 가운데 한 사람으로 평가되고 있다. 본 논문의 목적은 존 던이 자신의 시 작품에서 죽음과 사후에 대해 어떠한 관점을 보여주고 있는 지에 대한 해석을 제공하는 데 있다. 존 던은 일생동안 죽음의 문제에 대해 관심을 가지고 이해하려고 노력하였다. 죽음은 그의 시의 주요 주제이다. 그의 죽음을 극복하기 위한 노력은 「노래와 소네트 Songs and Sonnets」와 「거룩한 소네트 Holy Sonnets」에 투영되어 나타난다.「노래와 소네트」에서의 죽음은 실제의 죽음이 아니라 가상된 죽음으로 비유되거나 상징의 방법으로 묘사 된다.「거룩한 소네트」에서는 자신의 체험과 내면의 갈등과 고뇌를 형상화하여 죽음을 탐구한다. 존 던의 죽음에 대해 가지는 태도는 죽음을 갈망하는 태도와 죽음을 끈질기게 거부하는 양면적인 모습을 보인다. 이러한 두 가지 태도는 대립되는 것처럼 보이나 실제로는 둘 다 죽음을 극복하고 통합하여 사후를 모색하는 방법이다. 존 던은 죽음이 인생의 끝이 아니라 죽음을 통해서만 죽음을 극복할 수 있다는 역설적 관점을 제시한다.

전공의를 대상으로 시행한 사망진단서 작성법 교육의 효과

강은진,이혜지,김선휴 대한응급의학회 2018 대한응급의학회지 Vol.29 No.5

Objective: This study investigated the most common errors on death certificates written by resident trainees of the emergency department and evaluated the effects of education on how to write a death certificate. Methods: A casebook of 31 deaths was prepared based on actual death cases in the emergency room in 2016. Ten residents completed 31 death certificates for the death casebook without any prior notice and then received education on ‘How to write the death certificate.’ They completed the death certificates again for the same casebook after receiving the education and the number of errors on all death certificates was again determined and divided into major and minor errors. The average number of error types was compared before and after the education. Results: Major errors occurred in 55% of all death certificates, but decreased to 32% after education. Minor errors decreased from 81% before education to 54% after education. The most common major error was ‘unacceptable cause of death’ (mean±standard deviation [SD], 10.2±8.2), and the most common minor error was ‘absence of time interval’ (mean±SD, 24.0±7.7), followed by ‘absence of other significant conditions’ (mean±SD, 14.6±6.1) before education. Conclusion: Education on ‘how to write a death certificate’ can help reduce errors on death certificates and improve the quality of death certificates.

사망진단서 및 시체검안서의 작성현황과 평가자 간 일치도에 대한 고찰: 단일기관 관찰연구

백대현,조한진,문성우,박종학,송주현,김주영,전승호,안유상 대한응급의학회 2017 대한응급의학회지 Vol.28 No.4

Purpose: This study aims to review the appropriateness of the issued death certificates and autopsy reports and to evaluate the improvement points of these documents in accordance with the guidelines of the Korean Medical Association and the National Statistical Office. Moreover, this study also examines why the guideline is necessary for the credibility of these documents. Methods: The death certificates and autopsy reports written by a training hospital were analyzed for a 12-month period, between December 2014 and November 2015. The reference to analysis was the “guidelines to medical certificate 2015” written by the Korean Medical Association, “World Health Organization (WHO) death certificate principle”, and “guideline leaflet,” as provided by the National Statistical Office. Two researchers analyzed the documents that were against the guidelines, and suggested improvement points. The analyzed variables were age, sex, issued date, direct cause of death, manner of death, location of death, and types of accident. The primary goal was to see the rate of issued documents written correctly according to the guidelines and to suggest possible improvement points. The secondary goal was to analyze the reason for accordance and discordance between researchers. Results: There were a total of 603 death certificates and autopsy reports issued during the research period; 562 (93.2%) and 41 (6.8%) cases, respectively. As for the manner of death, 521 cases were “death from disease,” 64 were “external causes,” and 18 were “others or unknown” (86.4%, 10.6%, and 3.0%, respectively). As for the issued department, internal medicine and emergency medicine issued 301 (49.9%) and 126 (20.9%) documents, respectively. Of these, 139 (23.1%) cases were regarded to be in accordance with the guidelines, while 304 (50.4%) were considered to be discordant cases. Among the discordant cases, there were 177 (29.4%) cases that were the mode of death directly written to cause of death. As for the records of “period of occurrence to death” were recorded only 70 (11.7%) cases (including “unknown” 65 cases) and the others were blank. The Kappa number of analysis regarding the evaluation correspondence of the two researchers was 0.44 (95% confidence interval, 0.38 to 0.51). Conclusion: The most frequent error was ‘the condition of death to direct cause of death’ with the ratio of 29.4%. This may have been because the rate of concordance between the researchers based on the guidelines was not high enough. There is a need to provide specific guidelines for each case, and also promote and educate regarding significant errors.

Understanding the Fear of Death and Implications for Christian Education

Myung B. Yoo 한국기독교교육정보학회 2016 Journal of Christian education information tech Vol.0 No.30

Fear is a natural reaction to encounter with death. Dealing with fear of death is one of the most important elements for those facing death. Death fear and death anxiety are based on four concerns: (a) the death of self, (b) the deaths of significant others, (c) the process of dying, and (d) the state of being dead. Fears related to the process of dying can be further elaborated into concerns about dependency, pain, indignity, and isolation and the fear of leaving loved ones behind. Additional sources of fear include the finality of death, the fate of the body, and afterlife concerns such as divine judgment. Death education can reduce both fear of death and apprehension in individuals. Discussion of the dying process, management of pain and symptoms may remove some of the worry and uncertainty regarding dying. This paper will discuss the following: a Biblical view of death, fear of death, a developmental view of death anxiety, religion as a means to overcome death anxiety, and death education.