국내산 Black Chokeberry와 Blueberry의 총 폴리페놀, 총 플라보노이드 함량 및 생리활성 비교

정해정(Hai-Jung Chung) 한국식품영양과학회 2014 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.43 No.9

본 연구에서는 국내에서 생산되는 블랙초크베리와 블루베리의 기능적 특성을 비교 조사하기 위하여 총 폴리페놀 함량, 총 플라보노이드 함량, DPPH radical 소거능, superoxide 음이온 소거능, ABTS radical 소거능, 금속 킬레이트 효과, 환원력, 아질산염 소거능 등을 측정하였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 블랙초크베리가 117.20 mg/g, 블루베리가 42.26 mg/g이었으며 총 플라보노이드 함량은 블랙초크베리가 32.50 mg/g, 블루베리가 26.39 mg/g으로 나타났다. 생리활성 측정 결과 블랙초크베리는 본 실험에서 조사한 기능성에서 탁월한 활성을 나타내었는데 추출물의 농도가 증가함에 따라 전반적으로 활성이 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 특히 DPPH radical 소거능, ABTS radical 소거능, 금속 킬레이트 효과, 아질산염 소거능은 5 mg/mL의 농도에서 90% 이상의 활성을 나타냄으로써 양성대조군으로 사용한 ascorbic acid의 활성과 대등하였다. 블루베리도 추출물의 농도증가에 따라 활성이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으나 블랙초크베리의 0.2∼0.7배에 해당하는 낮은 활성을 나타내어 블랙초크베리보다 기능성이 떨어지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 블랙초크베리와 블루베리 추출물의 총 폴리페놀 함량, 총 플라보노이드 함량과 생리활성 간의 상관관계를 조사한 결과, 총 폴리페놀 및 총 플라보노이드 농도가 증가할수록 생리활성이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었고 이들 간에는 높은 양(+)의 상관성이 있음을 보여주었다. This study investigated the biological activities of 70% methanol extracts from black chokeberry and blueberry by measuring DPPH, superoxide anion and ABTS radical scavenging activities, metal chelating effect, reducing power, and nitrite scavenging activity. Extraction yields of black chokeberry and blueberry were 62.90% and 67.09%, respectively. Total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents were 117.20 mg/g and 32.50 mg/g for black chokeberry and 42.26 mg/g and 26.39 mg/g for blueberry, respectively. Black chokeberry had higher antioxidant activity than blueberry. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, nitrite scavenging activity, and metal chelating effect of black chokeberry were 98.29%, 96.68%, 97.64%, and 91.33%, respectively, at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, which were equal to those of ascorbic acid (positive control). These results suggest that black chokeberry has potent biological activities, and in the future, the availability of black chokeberry will increase in the field of value added food products.

안토시아닌 조성이 다른 베리류 3종의 열안정성 비교

강예빈,고은미 동아시아식생활학회 2022 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.32 No.6

Anthocyanins are natural pigments responsible for the red, purple, and blue colors in berries. The stability of anthocyanins can be affected by various factors, such as pH, temperature, and other components. This study investigated the degradation kinetics of anthocyanins in representative berries. Among the most consumed berries in the Korean population, black chokeberry, black mulberry, and blueberry were chosen due to their high anthocyanin contents. The berries contained anthocyanins with different aglycones and sugar moieties as follows: cyanidin-3-galactoside (63%) and cyanidin-3-arabinoside (30%) in black chokeberries, cyanidin-3-glucoside (70%) and cyanidin-3-rutinoside (25%) in black mulberries, and malvidin-3-galactoside (35%), malvidin-3- arabinoside (16%), and delphinidin-3-galactoside (14%) in blueberries. After heating at 100℃ for 60 min, the degradation of anthocyanins was highest in the black chokeberries (62%), followed by blueberries (54%) and black mulberries (50%). Within the same aglycone, glycosylated anthocyanins with glucose had higher retention compared to those with galactose or arabinose. Lightness (L*) showed a tendency to increase with increasing heating time. Color difference (ΔE*) was lowest in the black mulberries and highest in the blueberries. These results indicate that the thermal stability of anthocyanins was in the following order: black mulberry > blueberry > black chokeberry.

Effects of Drying Methods on Contents of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activities of Black Chokeberries (Aronia melanocarpa)

Nhuan Do Thi,황은선 한국식품과학회 2016 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.25 No.1

Optimal drying techniques for maintaining high levels of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities in black chokeberries were investigated. Effects of 3 drying methods on total bioactive compound contents and in vitro antioxidant activities in 80% ethanol extracts were evaluated. Fresh black chokeberries were dried using sun-drying, freeze-drying, and oven-drying. Highest amounts of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins were detected in freeze-dried black chokeberry extracts after sun and oven-drying. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis-3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), and superoxide anion scavenging activities in black chokeberry extracts were also evaluated. Freeze-dried berries produced strongest antioxidant activities. Freeze-drying was the optimal drying method for maintaining high levels of bioactive compounds in 80% ethanol extracts of dried black chokeberries.

블랙 초크베리 추출물의 항산화 활성 및 아질산염 소거 활성

진동혁 ( Dong Hyeok Jin ),신지문 ( Ji Moon Shin ),성종환 ( Jong Hwan Seong ),이영근 ( Young Geun Lee ),김동섭 ( Dong Seob Kim ),정헌식 ( Hun Sik Chung ),장성호 ( Seong Ho Jang ),김한수 ( Han Soo Kim ) 한국환경과학회 2016 한국환경과학회지 Vol.25 No.4

The purpose of this study was to measure the antioxidant activity and bioactivity of black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa). The black chokeberry was known to contain many physiologically active substance, such as ascorbic acid, anthocyanin, quercetin. We extracted black chokeberry powder from four solvents such as chloroform:methanol(CM, 2:1, v/v), distilled water (DW), 70% ethanol, 70% methanol. After that, we determined anthocyanin, total phenol, flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, reducing power and Nitrite scavenging activity of black chokeberry extracts and as results of comparing each extract. respectively. From the above results shows that antioxidant activity and bioactivity of black chokeberry extracts was the highest in 70% methanol (p<0.05). The results suggest that black chokeberry can be used as nutraceutical foods and natural antioxidant.

유박시용량에 따른 유기 블랙초크베리의 수체 내 무기성분 분배에 미치는 영향

최현석(Hyun-Sug Choi),정석규(Seok-Kyu Jungb) 유기성자원학회 2020 유기물자원화 Vol.28 No.1

본 실험은 유박 시용량에 따른 ‘네로’ 블랙초크베리(Aronia melanocarpa)의 양분 요구도를 파악하여 적절한 양분시용량을 구명함으로서 생산비 절감 및 환경오염을 줄이고자 수행되었다. 100% 유박시용을 기준으로 0%(무처리), 25%, 50%, 75%로 분류하여 2년간(2018~2019년) 수체 주위에 매년 전량 산포처리 하였고 실험 조사는 2년차에 수행하였다. 토양 무기성분 농도는 처리구에 상관없이 차이가 없었다. 뿌리와 잎의 건물중은 0% 유박 처리에서 낮게 나타났고 줄기 건물중은 처리 간에 차이가 없었다. 75% 유박 처리에서 과실 건물중이 615 g으로 가장 크게 증가하였고 수량이용효율도 45.3%로 가장 높았다. 지상부:지하부 비율은 75% 처리에서 4.7로 가장 높았다. 유박시용량이 증가할수록 수관용적은 확대되었다. 수관용적은 뿌리 건물중과 유의성 있는 정의 상관관계가 관찰되었다(r²=0.977). 뿌리의 무기성분 흡수량은 철을 제외하고는 25% 유박처리구에서 가장 높았다. 잎은 무처리구에서 전질소와 철의 흡수량이 낮았고 기타 무기성분 흡수량은 유박처리구와 비슷한 수준이었다. 줄기 내 무기성분 흡수량은 50% 처리구에서 철을 제외하고 가장 높았다. 과실 내 무기성분 흡수량은 75% 처리구에서 구리를 제외하고 가장 높았고 특히 전질소 흡수량이 7.45 g으로 다른 기관 대비 가장 높았다. 전질소와 인산흡수량은 잎과 줄기 및 과실에 균일하였고 칼륨은 잎과 과실에 많이 분포하였다. 뿌리, 잎, 줄기, 과실을 합한 작물의 무기성분 총량에서 전질소는 75% 처리구에서 17.2 g으로 가장 높았고 무처리구에서 4.9 g으로 가장 낮았다. 작물체 내 기타 무기성분 흡수량은 50%, 75%, 100% 유박 처리구에서 대체적으로 높은 수준이 관찰되었다. The study was initiated to reduce production cost and environmental pollution with the evaluation of nutrient requirement of ‘Nero’ black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) and optimum amount of oil cake application. 100% of a recommended amount (RA) of oil cake was designated as a 100-RA, with 0-RA, 25-RA, 50-RA, and 75-RA for 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% RA, respectively. The oil cake was scattered around the black chokeberry at every year for two years from 2018 to 2019, with investigation conducted for the second year. Soil mineral nutrient concentrations were not significantly different among the treatments. Dry weight (DW) of root and leaves was low for 0-RA-treated black chokeberry, with no significant difference observed for the all treatments for the DW of stems. 75-RA increased the fruit DW of 615 g and yield efficiency of 45.3%. Top:root ratio was the highest of 4.7 for 75-RA. Increased amount of oil cake application expanded the tree volume. Tree volume had a strong positive relationship with the root DW (r²=0.977). Mineral nutrient uptake in the root was the highest on the 25-RA-treated black chokeberry, except for Fe uptake. Mineral nutrient uptake in the leaves were similar to all the black chokeberries, except for T-N and Fe uptake. 75-RA increased mineral nutrient uptake in the fruit, except for Cu, in particular, 7.45 g in fruit N, which was the highest level compared to those of the other organs. T-N and P uptake were evenly distributed in the leaves, stems, and fruit, with high K uptake for leaves and fruit. 75-RA maximized to 17.2 g of the total nutrient uptake in a black chokeberry, with 4.9 g for the 0-RA. All mineral nutrient uptake were overall higher on the black chokeberry treated with 50-RA, 75-RA, and 100-RA compared to those of 0-RA and 25-RA.

블랙초크베리 섭취와 유산소운동병행이 대학생들의 신체조성 및 항산화력 변화에 미치는 영향

김주원 한국스포츠학회 2021 한국스포츠학회지 Vol.19 No.2

본 연구는 8주간 블랙초크베리 섭취와 유산소운동이 대학생들의 신체조성 및 항산화력의 변화를 검증하는데 있 다. 대상자는 대학교 교양스포츠 참여자 20명으로 블랙초크베리 섭취 그룹 10명, 블랙초크베리 미섭취 그룹 10명으로 운동프로그램은 8주간 주 3회 트레드밀을 활용하여 유산소 운동을 실시하였으며, 반복측정 분산분석을 통해 측정하였다. 그 결과 체질량지수, 중성지방 농도, 혈중 젖산 농도, 항산화력 농도에 유의하게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 코로나 19로 인한 대학생들의 제한된 활동에서 유산소운동 동안 블랙초크베리의 섭취가 체질량지수, 중성지방, 젖산 및 항산화력에 천연보조물로 긍정적인 영향을 나타낸다. The following research examined the changes in body composition and antioxidant activity of undergraduates students with 8 weeks of black chokeberry intake and aerobic exercise. Subjects were composed of 20 university physical education participants, 10 students in the black chokeberry intake group and 10 in the non-intake group, with an exercise program implementing cardiovascular activity, 3 times/days a week for 8 weeks, using a treadmill, and measured by the means of repeated measures of analysis of variance. Based on the measured results, it was evident that there were significant changes in body mass index, blood triglyceride level, blood lactate density, and antioxidant activity level. These results demonstrated that the intake of black chokeberries during cardiovascular activity served as a natural aid to undergraduate students with limited activity due to the advent of COVID-19, contributing to positive effects on body mass index, blood triglyceride, blood lactate, and antioxidants activity.

폴리페놀 함유 블랙 초크베리의 산화적 스트레스 및 염증에 대한 보호 효과

전소현(Sohyeon Jeon),김보경(Bohkyung Kim) 한국식품과학회 2020 한국식품과학회지 Vol.52 No.2

본 연구에서는 다양한 만성 대사성 질환에 기초적 유발 기전인 산화적 스트레스 및 염증에 대한 폴리페놀 함유 블랙 초크베리의 보호 효과를 살펴보았다. 블랙 초크베리는 DPPH, ·OH, 및 NO 등 다양한 라디컬 소거능을 나타냈다. 내독소인 LPS에 의해 활성화된 대식세포 내 ROS 증가는 폴리페놀 함유 블랙 초크베리에 의해 감소하였다. 이는 블랙 초크베리가 전사인자인 NRF2의 핵 내 이동 및 이로 인해 조절되는 SOD에 의한 ROS 소거능 및 NOX2에 의한 ROS 생성 저하에 의한 것으로 나타났다. 블랙초크베리의 염증 보호 효과는 활성화된 대식세포에서 증가하는 NF-κB의 핵 내 이동에 따른 COX-2, iNOS와 같은 염증 매개인자 관련 효소와 TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β와 같은 염증성 사이토카인의 저하에 의한 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 블랙 초크베리의 산화적 스트레스 및 염증 보호 효과는 항산화 효소 관련 전사 인자인 NRF2 조절 기전 및 염증 관련 전사 인자인 NF-κB와 관련 유전자 발현의 조절을 통하여 나타났다. 추후 블랙 초크베리 내 기능성 물질에 대한 심도 있는 기전 연구를 통해 천연물 유래 기능성 소재로서의 역할을 할 것으로 판단된다. Black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) has been suggested to exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects due to its high polyphenol content. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of black chokeberry on the alterations of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in macrophages have not been thoroughly studied. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of polyphenol-rich black chokeberry extract (CBE) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. CBE significantly attenuated the increase of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the nuclear translocation of NRF2 in LPSstimulated macrophages. The mRNA abundances of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant genes were significantly decreased in LPS-stimulated macrophages. The LPS-induced mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines was significantly inhibited by reducing the nuclear translocation of NF-κB by CBE. These data suggest that black chokeberry may be used for the prevention of oxidative stress and inflammation-associated disease.

토양 수분 조건에 따른 블랙쵸크베리 ‘Nero’ 과실의 품질 및 세포 발달 비교

원정연,신현석,오영재,한현대,김금선,오세원,김대일 한국자원식물학회 2017 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.30 No.1

Effects of different soil water conditions on fruit characteristics were investigated in 5-year-old ‘Nero’ black chokeberry trees (Aronia melanocarpa). Three kinds of drought stresses, including low water deficit, severe water deficit, and very severe water deficit, due to decline of soil water decreased the fruit quality of weight of 10 berries, soluble solid content, and anthocyanin, compared with the control (consistent water supply) during the harvest period. After longer drought stress, supply of soil water could induce berry cracking because cell size of epidermis of fruits contracted, whereas cell size of sub-epidermis and flesh expanded. Thus periodic water supply using water supply facility is needed for yield and quality of black chokeberry ‘Nero’ fruits Key words – Aronia melanocarpa, Black chokeberry, Cell enlargement, Drought 토양수분의 변화가 블랙쵸크베리 ‘Nero’의 과실 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 고품질 블랙쵸크베리 재배 연구의 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행하였다. 토양수분 감소로 인한 건조스트레스는 수확기 동안 블랙쵸크베리의 과실의 과중, 당도, 안토시아닌 함량 등의 품질을 저하시켰다. 또한 건조기간이 길수록 이후 토양수분 공급시, 과실 표피 세포 크기는 감소하는 반면 아표피, 과육 세포의 크기가 증가하여 열과를 유발할 수 있다. 따라서 관수시설을 통한 일정 주기의 관수가 블랙쵸크베리 과실 생산량 및 품질 향상을 위해 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

젖산발효에 의한 복분자, 아로니아, 오디, 블루베리의 이화학적 특성 및 항산화활성 변화

채규서(Kyu Seo Chae),류은혜(Eun-Hye Ryu),박희란(Hee Ran Park),권지웅(Ji Wung Kwon),박희전(Hee Jeon Park),송지영(Ji-Young Song) 한국식품조리과학회 2017 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.33 No.5

Purpose: This study was carried out to investigate the changes in physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of berries (black raspberry, black chokeberry, mulberry and blueberry) occurred during lactic acid fermentation. Methods: Berries were fermented at 30°C for 24 hours using Leuconostoc mesenteroides SRL6, after which total polyphenolic, total flavonoid, and total anthocyanin contents, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, and reducing power were measured. Results: Total acidities of lactic acid-fermented berries increased while pH values decreased. Fermented berries were measured for their total polyphenolic, total flavonoid, and total anthocyanin contents, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, and reducing power. Contents of total polyphenols and total anthocyanins of berries were slightly elevated after fermentation. Further, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were elevated after fermentation by Leu. mesenteroides SRL6. Reducing power of fermented berries was higher than that of non-fermented berries. Conculsion: These results suggest that black raspberry, black chokeberry and blueberry fermented by Leu. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides SRL6 have potential as functional materials in the food industry.

Variations in total phenols, total anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity levels in black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) fruits subjected to dry and moist heat treatments

Hekap Kim,Thu Thi Hoai Mai 한국식품과학회 2020 한국식품과학회지 Vol.52 No.5

The present study investigated the effects of dry and moist heat treatments on total phenols, total anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity levels in black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) fruits. Lyophilized chokeberry powder samples were heated in a drying oven at 60, 100, 160, 180, and 200oC for 20, 40, or 60 min. Finely ground fresh chokeberry fruits were heated in water at 60, 80, and 100℃ for 20 min, and bioactive compound and antioxidant activity levels were measured. The bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity decreased with increasing temperature and treatment duration. Antioxidant activity was preserved at 160℃ or lower without significant loss for dry heating, whereas moist heat treatment increased both bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity with increasing temperature.