http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
고은미의 “Double Concerto”에 사용된 12음에 의한 캐논 기법
고은미 이화여자대학교 음악연구소 2005 이화음악논집 Vol.9 No.-
This essay is abstracted from my dissertation, the Double Concerto with Analysis consists of two parts, While my doctoral dissertation has put emphasis on sectional analysis of Double Concerto, this essay was intended to develop a new theory on the canon based on twelve notes. The essay consist four part. The first part, the preliminary theory for the composition of the Canon. focuses on PTO, the basis for the canonic theory in the in preparation for the second part. The second part, analysis of the composition is divided into five sections with a formal analysis of the composition and its structure based on pitch progression with variations. The third part, explains the form and The fourth part, analysis of structural orchestration. The primary object of composing the Double Concerto is an improvement of the concept in regard to linear, horizontal, and harmonic relationships of traditional canon. Traditional Canon has had three basic drawbacks: (1) Dux and Comes is limited by concept of consonace and disonance in mode. And it is limited by complement relationship in tonal harmony; (2) Inspite of that the concept of Dux and Comes in canon is based on polyphony texture basically, the concept is composed of monophony imitation in melodic line; and (3) Rhythmic organization of Dux and Comes in traditional canon has not been dealt distinctively from pitch function. In order to remedy those defects in the traditional canon, this Double Concerto has taken the following new alternatives: (1) New complementary relationships are developed between the Dux and Comes in twelve-tone procedure; (2) Melodic line of Dux and Comes is constructed polyphonically. And Comes is constructed according variations of melodic interval of Dux ; and (3) Pitch function is applied to rhythmic organization. The theory which is used in this composition should not be limited to the present composition only, but also can be served as a generalized theory applicable to any canonic composition with twelve-tone. This Double Concerto attempts to remedy drawbacks exsisting in the traditional canon with the payment of special attention to maintaining the basic principle and theory found in the canon and develop canon for twentieth century based upon twelve-tone theory.
한중 ‘sharp-blunt’ 의미장 대조 분석 ― 모스크바 어휘유형론(MLexT)의 관점에서
고은미 한국중어중문학회 2023 中語中文學 Vol.- No.91
본고는 어휘유형론 연구방법론을 한국어와 중국어의 어휘 의미의 대조 연구에 응용한 것으로, 유형론적 관점에서 한국어와 중국어의 ‘sharp-blunt’류 의미장의 개념화와 파생 의미를 대조 분석한 후 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 개념화 양상을 살펴보면, 한국어 ‘sharp’의미장은 ‘기능’프레임과 ‘점’프레임의 대립이 뚜렷한 반면에 중국어 ‘sharp’의미장은 ‘기능’프레임이 뚜렷하지만, 내부적으로는 ‘선’과 ‘점’의 대립이 뚜렷한데, ‘선’류는 ‘快’, ‘尖’로 점류는 ‘尖利, 锐利’로 나타낸다. 한국어 ‘blunt’의미장은 ‘뭉뚝하다’가 ‘기능’프레임과 ‘형상’프레임을 포괄적으로 묘사하며, ‘무디다’가 기능 프레임 전부를 묘사한다. 반면, 중국어 ‘blunt’의미장은 ‘형상’프레임이 존재하지 않으며, [기능+선], [기능+점]프레임을 하나의 단어 ‘钝’이 나타낸다. 파생의미를 살펴보면, 한국어와 중국어의 ‘sharp’의미장은 도구 사용자 측면에서의 긍정의미와 도구에 다친 수동자 측면에서의 부정의미를 모두 가진다. 한국어 ‘sharp’의미장은 부정의미에서 청각, 후각상 불쾌한 감각을, 중국어의 ‘sharp’의미장은 청각상 불쾌한 감각만을 나타낸다. 영상도식 관련 의미는 중국어에만 있는데, ‘锐’가 ‘급속’의 의미를 나타낸다. 중국어와 한국어의 ‘blunt’의미장은 모두 동작, 반응, 인지가 느리다는 파생의미를 가진다.
화학요법 치료 중인 암 환자에서의 Vibrio fluvialis 균혈증 2례
고은미,김창기,김명숙,김신무,박승우,정현철,용동은,이경원,정윤섭 대한임상미생물학회 2007 Annals of clinical microbiology Vol.10 No.2
Vibrio fluvialis is a haplophilic gram-negative bacterium normally found in coastal water and seafood and causes gastroenteritis. There have been a few reports on V. fluvialis gastroenteritis in Korea, but no previous report of isolation from blood. We isolated V. fluvialis from the blood of two patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.
온라인 DB를 활용한 통시 의미지도 설계방안 모색 ― 중국어 ‘수중운동동사’를 중심으로
고은미 한국중어중문학회 2023 中語中文學 Vol.- No.94
This study used Le Diasema’s diachronic semantic map research methodology to implement a diachronic semantic map of Chinese aqua-motion verbs. As a result of this study, there are 13 concepts related to aqua-motion in terms of ‘dig’, ‘flow’, ‘wash’, ‘bathe’, ‘water’, ‘walk’, ‘go’, ‘fly’, ‘sail’, ‘swim’, ‘row’, ‘sailcloth’, ‘float’. It was found that the meaning change of ‘float(‘游’,‘浮’)→swim, float(‘浮’,‘汎’)→sail, float(‘浮’)→flow/drift, drift/flow(‘漂’)→float, bathe(‘洗澡’)→swim’ was shown in Chinese. In contrast to the synchronic semantic map, the Chinese aqua-motion verb is prominent in the shift between aqua-motion. As a result of applying the Le Diasema semantic map research methodology using online databases, this study found the following limitations: First, CLICS, which is a database for using synchronous semantic maps, has many rare languages with developed forms, which is advantageous in terms of a large number of languages, but it can be a disadvantage that the sample is biased toward a specific language. Second, in DatSemShifhs, which is a diachronic change semantic shift database, there are few parts corresponding to semantic evolution(semantic change) required for research, and it is found that practical application is impossible even though the object of this study is the core vocabulary, which is the basic concept. The two online databases used in this study are not perfect, but they can be partially utilized. In the case of semantic change due diligence, DatSemShifh has few data points, so the direction of semantic change cannot be proved, but it can be used as an auxiliary to the study of semantic relations.
만성통증에 대한 마음챙김의 뇌 생리학적 효과: 체계적 고찰
고은미 한국건강심리학회 2023 한국심리학회지 건강 Vol.28 No.6
마음챙김 훈련은 뇌 활성화를 조절함으로써 신체적 통증 감소에도 직접적인 영향을 미친다는 연구들이 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 하지만 대부분의 연구들이 건강한 성인을 대상으로 의도적인 통증을 유발한 후 통증조절 효과를 확인하였다. 따라서 그 결과를 만성통증까지 일반화시킬 수 없다는 한계가 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 한계를 해결하기 위해 실제 만성통증으로 고통을 받고 있는 환자들을 대상으로 일정기간 마음챙김을 훈련시킨 후 그 효과를 뇌 생리학적으로 검증한 연구에 초점을 두었다. 이를 위해 PubMed와 Cochrane CENTRAL 데이터베이스를 이용하여 체계적 문헌고찰을 실시하였다. 포함기준에 충족된 연구는 총 4편이었고, 추가적으로 건강한 성인을 대상으로 한 4편의 연구와 비교하였다. 주관적 척도로 측정된 통증정도는 만성통증, 급성통증 모두 통제집단에 비해, 그리고 훈련 전에 비해 마음챙김 훈련 후 유의한 통증 감소를 보고하였다. 주관적 척도로 측정된 마음챙김 기술의 변화는 마음챙김 척도에 따라 차이를 보였다. 만성통증 연구에서는 2편의 연구가 CAMS-R과 KIMS로 마음챙김 변화정도를 측정하였고, 급성통증 연구에서는 2편의 연구가 FMI로 측정하였다. 그 결과, CAMS-R로 측정한 연구에서만 마음챙김 훈련 후 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았다. fMRI 측정 결과 만성통증, 급성통증 모두에서 마음챙김 훈련은 고차 뇌 작용인 하향통증조절경로를 활성화하여 통증의 감소를 가져왔다. 다만, 평균 10년 이상 훈련경험이 있는 경우 하향식 조절 대신 상향식 조절과 관련된 뇌 활성화를 보였다. 마음챙김의 수준에 따라 통증을 조절하는 뇌의 기제도 달라질 수 있음을 시사한다. 통증조절에 있어 마음챙김의 뇌 기제를 검증하는 연구는 아직 초기단계로 앞으로 더 많은 연구가 진행되어야 한다. 본 연구는 통증관리에 있어 마음챙김의 뇌 생리학적 효과를 만성통증과 급성통증으로 구분해서 비교한 첫 시도라는 점에서 의의가 있다. 본 연구 결과는 통증관리에 있어 마음챙김 훈련이 만성통증과 급성통증의 통증감소에 유의한 결과를 가져올 수 있음을 재확인하였다. 끝으로 향후 연구를 위한 제안을 논하였다. There is a continuous increase in the number of studies showing that mindfulness training has a direct effect on reducing physical pain by regulating brain activation. However, most of the studies have confirmed the effect of pain control after intentionally inducing pain in healthy adults. Therefore, the limitation is that the results cannot be generalized to chronic pain. In order to address this limitation, this study focused on works that verified the physiological effect of the brain after mindfulness training targeting patients with chronic pain. To this end, a systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed and the Cochrane CENTRAL database. A total of four studies met the inclusion criteria, and they were additionally compared with four studies in healthy adults. The degree of pain measured using a subjective scale showed a significant reduction in pain after mindfulness training compared to that in the control group and before training for both chronic pain and acute pain. Changes in mindfulness skills by using subjective scales showed differences according to the mindfulness scales. In the chronic pain study, two studies measured the degree of mindfulness change with the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R) and Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS), and in the acute pain study, two studies were assessed using the Freiburg Minfulness Inventory (FMI). Results showed that only the study assessed by CAMS-R showed no significant change after mindfulness training. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) showed that mindfulness training in both chronic pain and acute pain reduced the pain by activating the descending pain modulatory pathways, which is a higher-order brain function. However, brain activation related to bottom-up regulation instead of top-down regulation was found in cases with a training experience of an average of 10 years or more. This suggests that the mechanism of the brain for controlling pain may also vary depending on the level of mindfulness. Studies verifying the brain mechanism of mindfulness in pain control is still in its infancy, and more research should be conducted in the future. This study is significant as it is the first attempt to compare the brain physiological effects of mindfulness in pain management by dividing them into chronic pain and acute pain. The results of this study reaffirmed that mindfulness training in pain management can cause significant pain reduction in chronic pain and acute pain. Moreover, suggestions for future research were discussed.