Antibacterial potential of the extracts derived from leaves and in vitro raised calli of medicinal plants Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb., Clitoria ternatea L., and Sanseveiria cylindrica Bojer ex Hook

M Shahid,A Shahzad,M Anis 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2009 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.9 No.2

Pterocarpus marsupium, Clitoria ternatea, and Sanseveiria cylindrica are some of the important and endangered medicinal plant species of India. Despite of medicinal properties, antibacterial potential of the plants have not yet been explored. The present study was designed to optimize the in vitro technique for micropropagation and to screen the extracts from leaves and in vitro raised calli for antibacterial properties. Excised leaf-explants from the parent plants were surface sterilized and cultivated on Murashige & Skoog’s (MS) medium containing N6-benzyladenine (BA) in concentrations of 1, 2, 5, and 10 μM. Optimal growth of calli was noticed at a concentration of 5 μM, therefore the extracts from calli grown at this concentration were further studied for antibacterial activity. Both alcoholic and aqueous extracts from leaves of respective plants, and their in vitro raised calli were tested for antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion method against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Aqueous extracts showed antibacterial activity against limited number of bacterial species; notably the extracts of C. ternatea which showed antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus. Alcoholic extracts of all three plants showed antibacterial activity against a wider range of bacteria. Among the Gram-positive bacteria, extracts from C. ternatea showed strong antibacterial activity against Bacillus spp., whereas the extracts of S. cylindrica showed good antibacterial potential for Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and S. pyogenes. The extracts from all three plants showed antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, including, Salmonella spp. and Shigella dysenteriae; organisms causing enteric fever and dysentery. In most of the cases, the extracts from respective calli showed comparable, and in some cases better, result in comparison to the extracts from parent leaves. To the best of our knowledge this is the first preliminary report on antibacterial potential, especially through calli extracts, of these plants; and in vitro cultivation of the explants may be used to obtain phytotherapeutic compounds. Pterocarpus marsupium, Clitoria ternatea, and Sanseveiria cylindrica are some of the important and endangered medicinal plant species of India. Despite of medicinal properties, antibacterial potential of the plants have not yet been explored. The present study was designed to optimize the in vitro technique for micropropagation and to screen the extracts from leaves and in vitro raised calli for antibacterial properties. Excised leaf-explants from the parent plants were surface sterilized and cultivated on Murashige & Skoog’s (MS) medium containing N6-benzyladenine (BA) in concentrations of 1, 2, 5, and 10 μM. Optimal growth of calli was noticed at a concentration of 5 μM, therefore the extracts from calli grown at this concentration were further studied for antibacterial activity. Both alcoholic and aqueous extracts from leaves of respective plants, and their in vitro raised calli were tested for antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion method against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Aqueous extracts showed antibacterial activity against limited number of bacterial species; notably the extracts of C. ternatea which showed antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus. Alcoholic extracts of all three plants showed antibacterial activity against a wider range of bacteria. Among the Gram-positive bacteria, extracts from C. ternatea showed strong antibacterial activity against Bacillus spp., whereas the extracts of S. cylindrica showed good antibacterial potential for Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and S. pyogenes. The extracts from all three plants showed antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, including, Salmonella spp. and Shigella dysenteriae; organisms causing enteric fever and dysentery. In most of the cases, the extracts from respective calli showed comparable, and in some cases better, result in comparison to the extracts from parent leaves. To the best of our knowledge this is the first preliminary report on antibacterial potential, especially through calli extracts, of these plants; and in vitro cultivation of the explants may be used to obtain phytotherapeutic compounds.

Photo-induced antibacterial activity of a porphyrin derivative isolated from the harmful dinoflagellate <i>Heterocapsa circularisquama</i>

Wencheng, Li,Cho, Kichul,Yamasaki, Yasuhiro,Takeshita, Satoshi,Hwang, Kiju,Kim, Daekyung,Oda, Tatsuya Elsevier 2018 Aquatic toxicology Vol.201 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The dinoflagellate <I>Heterocapsa circularisquama</I> is highly toxic to bivalves. However, significant toxicity to finfish species has not been reported. We previously found that <I>H. circularisquama</I> has light-dependent haemolytic agents. Purification and chemical structural analyses revealed that the haemolytic agent H2-a is a porphyrin derivative, which exhibits light-dependent cytotoxicity toward tumour cells. To clarify the biological activity of H2-a further, its antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were investigated in this study. A fraction (F5) equivalent to H2-a purified from the methanol extract of <I>H. circularisquama</I> showed potent light-dependent bactericidal activity toward <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I>, and the activity was concentration- and light illumination time-dependent; however, <I>Escherichia coli</I> was highly resistant to F5. Electron microscopic observation suggested that F5 induces morphological changes in <I>S. aureus</I> in a light-dependent manner. Further analysis using other bacterial species showed that the Gram-positive bacterium <I>Bacillus subtilis</I> was more sensitive than the Gram-negative bacteria <I>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</I> and <I>Vibrio alginolyticus</I>. These results indicate that F5 is a photo-induced antibacterial agent with relatively higher specificity to Gram-positive bacteria. Iodometric assay suggested that singlet oxygen was generated from light-illuminated F5. Histidine, a specific singlet oxygen scavenger, markedly inhibited the photosensitising antibacterial activity of F5 against <I>S. aureus</I>, suggesting the involvement of singlet oxygen in antibacterial activity. The antibacterial spectrum of F5 was evidently different from that of 5,10,15,20-tetra (<I>N</I>,<I>N</I>,<I>N</I>-trimethylanilinium) porphyrin tetratosylate, a commercially available porphyrin compound with antibacterial activity. Our results demonstrate that <I>H. circularisquama</I> has a novel antibacterial photosensitiser, a porphyrin derivative, with relatively higher specificity to Gram-positive bacteria. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to discover a porphyrin derivative with antibacterial activity in marine microalga.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A porphyrin derivative (F5) with antibacterial activity was isolated from dinoflagellate <I>H. circularisquama</I>. </LI> <LI> F5 shows relatively higher specificity to Gram-positive bacteria such as <I>S. aureus</I>, but <I>E. coli</I> was highly resistant to F5. </LI> <LI> Antibacterial spectrum of F5 was evidently different from that of a commercially available porphyrin derivative. </LI> <LI> Singlet oxygen was detected in light-illuminated F5. </LI> <LI> Histidine, a singlet oxygen scavenger, inhibited the antibacterial activity of F5. </LI> </UL> </P>

Antibacterial potential of the extracts derived from leaves and in vitro raised calli of medicinal plants Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb., Clitoria ternatea L., and Sanseveiria cylindrica Bojer ex Hook

Shahid, M,Shahzad, A,Anis, M Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2009 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.9 No.2

Pterocarpus marsupium, Clitoria ternatea, and Sanseveiria cylindrica are some of the important and endangered medicinal plant species of India. Despite of medicinal properties, antibacterial potential of the plants have not yet been explored. The present study was designed to optimize the in vitro technique for micropropagation and to screen the extracts from leaves and in vitro raised calli for antibacterial properties. Excised leaf-explants from the parent plants were surface sterilized and cultivated on Murashige & Skoog's (MS) medium containing $N^6$-benzyladenine (BA) in concentrations of 1, 2, 5, and $10{\mu}M$. Optimal growth of calli was noticed at a concentration of $5{\mu}M$, therefore the extracts from calli grown at this concentration were further studied for antibacterial activity. Both alcoholic and aqueous extracts from leaves of respective plants, and their in vitro raised calli were tested for antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion method against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Aqueous extracts showed antibacterial activity against limited number of bacterial species; notably the extracts of C. ternatea which showed antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus. Alcoholic extracts of all three plants showed antibacterial activity against a wider range of bacteria. Among the Gram-positive bacteria, extracts from C. ternatea showed strong antibacterial activity against Bacillus spp., whereas the extracts of S. cylindrica showed good antibacterial potential for Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and S. pyogenes. The extracts from all three plants showed antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, including, Salmonella spp. and Shigella dysenteriae; organisms causing enteric fever and dysentery. In most of the cases, the extracts from respective calli showed comparable, and in some cases better, result in comparison to the extracts from parent leaves. To the best of our knowledge this is the first preliminary report on antibacterial potential, especially through calli extracts, of these plants; and in vitro cultivation of the explants may be used to obtain phytotherapeutic compounds.

콘택트렌즈 다목적용액 적용을 위한 케르세틴과트랜스-칼콘의 항균 활성

최지영,강종석,한종길,변종철 한국안광학회 2016 한국안광학회지 Vol.21 No.4

Purpose: We investigated antibacterial activities of quercetin and trans-chalcone against contact lens-related bacteria and evaluated their potential as disinfectant in contact lens multipurpose solution(MPS). Methods: Antibacterial activities of quercetin and trans-chalcone, which are flavonoids, against Staphyloccus aereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were determined. After trans-chalcone treatment in MPS with weak antibacterial activity, its growth inhibition effect to bacteria was also determined. Results: Both of quercetin and trans-chalcone showed antibacterial activity against S. aereus, but did not show against P. aeruginosa. As the results of MIC against S. aereus, trans-chalcone showed higher activity than quercetin (quercetin: IC90 149 μg/ml, IC50 31.0 μg/ml trans-chalcone: IC90 15.2 μg/ml, IC50 8.9 μg/ml). In the antibacterial activities experiment of MPSs, MPS of F Company showed a low activity against both S. aereus and P. aeruginosa. The antibacterial activity of the F company’s MPS was investigated by adding trans-chalcone. As a result, the antibacterial activity was exhibited from 75% concentration of IC90(11.4 μg/ml). Conclusions: Quercetin and transchalcone, which are flavonoids, showed antibacterial activities against S. aereus and trans-chalcone had higher activity. Hence, this result suggests that quercetin and trans-chalcone can be applied to a disinfectant of MPS. 목적: 케르세틴과 트랜스-칼콘의 콘택트렌즈 관련 균주에 대한 항균 활성을 검사하고 콘택트렌즈 다목적용액의 항균제로서의 가능성을 평가하고자 하였다. 방법: 황색포도상구균과 녹농균에 대한 플라보노이드인 케르세틴과 트랜스-칼콘의 항균 활성을 측정하였으며, 황균 활성이 약한 다목적용액에 트랜스-칼콘을 함께 처리하여 세균의 생육억제 효과를 측정하였다. 결과: 케르세틴과 트랜스-칼콘 모두 황색포도상구균에 대한 항균 활성을 보였으나, 녹농균에대해서는 나타나지 않았다. 황색포도상구균에 대한 MIC 결과, 트랜스-칼콘이 케르세틴보다 활성이 높은 것으로 나타났다(케르세틴: IC90 149 μg/ml, IC50 31.0 μg/ml 트랜스-칼콘: IC90 15.2 μg/ml, IC50: 8.9 μg/ml). 다목적용액의 항균 활성 실험에서, F사의 다목적용액이 황색포도상구균과 트랜스-칼콘 모두에 항균 활성이 낮게 나타났다. F사의MPS에 트랜스-칼콘을 첨가하여 항균 활성을 조사한 결과, IC90(11.4 μg/ml)의 75% 농도에서부터 항균 활성이 나타났다. 결론: 플라보노이드인 케르세틴과 트랜스-칼콘은 황색포도상구균에 대한 항균작용을 나타내었으며, 트랜스-칼콘이 더 큰 항균 활성을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 케르세틴과 트랜스-칼콘은 기존의 MPS에 살균제로 적용가능성이 있음을 시사한다.

In Vitro Antibacterial, Phototoxic, and Synergistic Activity of Ethanol Extracts from Costus cf. arabicus L.

Francisco A.B. Cunha,Edinardo F.F. Matias,Samuel V. Brito,Felipe S. Ferreira,João Marcelo A. Braga,José G.M. Costa,Henrique D.M. Coutinho 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.9

In this study, ethanol extracts of stems and leaves of Costus cf. arabicus L. were evaluated for antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial and modulatory activities of the extracts were assayed by microdilution. The light-enhanced antibacterial activity was assayed by a light regimen. The growth of the bacteria tested was not inhibited by the extracts. The minimum inhibitory concentration values were ≥1,024 μg/mL. However, the antibiotic activity of aminoglycosides was synergistically enhanced when these extracts at subinhibitory concentrations were combined with the antibiotics. Also, both extracts showed activity against the wild-type bacterial strains, but the leaf extract was the more active extract, being active against both S. aureus and E. coli. Therefore, we conclude that the ethanol extracts of stems and leaves of C. cf. arabicus L. have potential light-induced antibacterial activity and synergistic antibiotic activity. This study showed that these extracts may be a promising source of antibacterial and modulatory agents.

천연방부제 개발을 위한 자원식물을 활용한 발효 전·후 물질 변화와 항균활성 비교

정서아,정연옥,송가현,박노복,Seo A Jung,Youn Ok Jung,Ga Hyeon Song,No Bok Park 국립한국농수산대학교 교육개발센터 2023 현장농업연구지 = Journal of practical agricultural resear Vol.25 No.1

Chemical preservatives have a good effect on antibacterial activity, but many side effects on the human body have been reported. Recently, the development of natural preservatives that are harmless to the human body and have preservative functions and self-efficacy is active. In addition, in order to increase the absorption rate of natural products by the human body, the method of fermentation using strains is also increasing. Therefore, this study selected varieties that are harmless to the human body and have good antibacterial activity. 1. The yield of origin, thickness and solvent was investigated. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi was made in China and received a yield of 21.88% from 50% ethyl alcohol extract. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge was made in Korea and received a yield of 25.62% from 50% ethyl alcohol extract. Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai was made in China and received a yield of 6.50% from 70% ethyl alcohol extract. 2. The solid fermentation with the S. baicalensis and S. miltiorrhiza with B. Subtilis yield gained 24.40%, 39.30%, and D. crassirhizoma obtained 11.10% yield when fermented with L. casei. 3. After the liquid fermentation, a clear zone of 9mm was identified for the S. aureus strain in the S. baicalensis, and the antibacterial activity was not confirmed in S. miltiorrhiza and D. crassirhizoma. 4. When the S. baicalensis was fermented with L. Casei, it showed high antibacterial activity in C. albicans and S. aureus. S. miltiorrhiza showed antibacterial activity in S. aureus when it was solid with S. cerevisiae. When the spectators were solid with L. casei and S. cerevisiae, antibacterial activity was high in E. coli and S. aureus. Overall, the antibacterial activity after fermentation was much higher than when fermented. 5. The change in active ingredients was baicalin 101.57, baicalein 28.26, and wogonin 5.33mg/g in the S. baicalensis that did not ferment solid. When solid fermentation with S. cerevisiae, the content of baicalinin with baicalin 94.31, baicalein 30.41, and wogonin 3.57mg/g was found to have increased. S. miltiorrhiza that was not fermented, salvianolic acid A was 1.82mg/g, and when fermented with S. cerevisiae, it increased to 5.70mg/g. The active ingredients of the spectators were flavaspidic acid AP, flavaspidic acid PB, flavaspidic acid AB, and flavaspidic acid BB.

産褥期 感染 誘發 細菌의 生育을 억제하는 韓藥材 探索에 關한 硏究

임재연,성연수,김희진,이태균 동국대학교 한의학연구소 1997 東國韓醫學硏究所論文集 Vol.6 No.1

産褥期 感染이란 分娩後 生殖器의 細菌에 의한 感染을 意味하며, 産後 體溫上昇의 大部分은 骨盤感染에 의한 것으로 産褥期 感染의 重要한 指漂가 된다. 한의학에서 産後發熱의 病因病耭는 주로 邪毒感染, 血瘀, 外感, 血虛 등으로 보았으며, 치료는 一般的으로 産後疾患에는 處證이 많아 發表攻裏를 過度하게 하지 않고, 氣血과 營衛의 調和에 위주로 하나, 外感과 裏實證을 疏怒히 하면 안된다. 따라서 産後發熱을 惹起하는 各種 原因菌에 對한 客觀的인 抑制效果의 檢證은 産後發熱의 治療率을 높이는데 중요하다. 그 결과 산욕기감염을 유발하는 各種 細菌에 對해 黃連, 烏梅, 五味子 등의 水溶性 抽出物이 杭菌活性이 相對的으로 좋은 效果를 보였다. 따라서 産褥期 感染의 治療에 이들 韓藥材를 이용하면 보다 效果的일 것으로 생각된다. Deparment of Oriental Medicine, Graduate School of Dongguk University, Major in Oriental Ob & Gy. Various kinds of medicinal herbs and prescribed herb medicines which have usually been used for treatment of reducing fever, purging intense heat, and detoxication were secreened for antibacterial activity against Proteus vulgaris, S. aureus, and E. faecalis which causing puerperal infection. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of water- and ethanol-soluble extracts of Hwangyon(C. japonica), Omae(P. mume), and Omiza(S. chinensis) were determined and using thin-layer chromatography the extracts of Hwangyon and Omiza were separated. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The water-soluble extracts of Keumeunhwa(L. japonica), Chiza(G. jasminoides), Hwangyon(C. japonica), Dansam(S. miltiorrhiza), Omae(P. mume) and Omiza(S. chinensis) showed antibacterial activities against P. vulgaris ; among them, the extracts of Hwangyon, Omae, and Omiza showed high antibacterial activities. The water-soluble extracts of Keumeunhwa(L. japonica), Hwangyon(C. japonica), Hwangkeum(S. baicalensis), Hwangbaek(P. amurense), Dansam(S. miltiorrhiza), Daehwang(R. coreanum), Omae(P. mume), Omiza(S, chinensis), Gingseng(P. ginseng), and Gamcho(G. uralensis) showed antibacterial activities against S. aureus ; among them, the extracts of Hwangyon and Omiza showed high antibacterial activities. The water-soluble extracts of Banggi(C. trilobus), Daehwang(R. coreanum), Omae(P. mume), Omiza(S. chinensis), and Gamcho(G. uralensis) inhibited the cell growth of E. faecalis ; among them, Omae and 0miza showed high antibacterial activities. The extract of Hwangyon(C. japonica) and Omae(P. mume) showed no inhibition against E. coli. However, the extract of Omiza(S. chinensis) inhibited cell growth of both E. coli and B. subtilis. 2. The water- and ethanol-soluble extract of Hwangyon(C. japonica) showed antibacterial activities against P. vulgaries and S. aureus, those of Omae(P. mume) against P. vulgaris and E. faecalis, and those of Omize(S. chinensis) against all species tested, P. vulgaris, S. aureus, and E. faecalis. With the exception that ethanol-soluble extract of Hwangyon(C. japonica) showed much higher antibacterial activity against S. aureus than water-soluble one, antibacterial activities of both water- and ethanol-soluble ones were similar to each of other two medicinal herbs. 3.When the prescribed herb medicines were tested, Sambohwan showed antibacterial activities against P. vulgaris and S. aureus. No prescribed herb medicine inhibited the cell growth of E. faecalis. 4. Minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs) of both water- and ethanol-soluble extracts of Hwangyon (C. japonica), Omae(P. mume), and Omiza (S. chinensis) against P. vulgaris were 2.5㎎/㎖, 10㎎/㎖, and 20㎎/㎖, respectively. Those of both Hwangyon (C. japonica) and Omiza(S. chinensis) against S. aureus were 1.25㎎/㎖ and 10㎎/㎖, respectively. MICs of water-soluble extracts of Omae(P. mume) and Omiza(S. chinensis) aganist E. faecalis were 2.5㎎/㎖ and 5㎎/㎖, and those of ethanol-soluble extracts were 5㎎/㎖ and 10㎎/㎖, respectively. Except for those of E. faecalis, the cell growth of P. vulgaris and S. aureus were inhibited by much lower concentration of ethanol-soluble extracts used. As a result, the antibacterial compounds against P. vulgaris, S. aureus, and E. aecalis are contained in the extracts of Hwangyon(C, japonica), 0mae(P. mume), 0miza(S. chinensis), the prescribed herb medicine, Sambohwan, and might be used for treatment of puerperal infection. Further study should be carried out to identify which compounds affect the cell growth inhibition of P. vulgaris, S. aureus, and E. faecalis.

포도상구균에 대한 키토산의 항균성 측정을 위한 실험조건의 적정화

한영숙 대한가정학회 2004 Human Ecology Research(HER) Vol.42 No.3

Experimental conditions for evaluating chitosan antibacterial activities were established. The chitosan antibacterial activities were measured against the Staphylococcus aureus and evaluated for their application to antibacterial textile finishing. The strain of Staphylococcus aureus used in this experiments was KCTC 1916. The chitosan antibacterial activities were estimated from the bacterial densities or %reduction of bacteria in chitosan solutions and bacterial culture mixtures after incubation under specific conditions. Six parameters as follows were evaluated to optimize the experimental conditions for measuring antibacterial activities. The different combinations of mixtures according to the different ratios of chitosan solutions to the bacterial cuitures showed different antibacterial activities. However, the chitosan antibacterial activities could be evaluated by comparing the data obtained from the same combinations of miires. The solvent influence on the chitmn solution antibacterial activities could be eliminated using control solution containing i.he same concentration of acetic acid. The initial pH of the chitosan -bacterial mixtures also affected the chitosan antibacterial activity; at a higher pH, higher activity in terms of te reduction of bacteria was observed. In case of tht? bacterial solution without either the acetic acid or chitosan, the initial pH of the solution did not significantly affect bacterial growth. The %I reduction of bacteria increased when contact times of bacteria with chitm in the chitosan -bacterial mixture were expended upto 24 hours. However, the chitosan antibacterial activities could be successfully duated at contact time 0 where the chitosan-bacterial mixture was plated immediately after mixing and incubated to measure the bacterial number to 24 hours. Evaluating %reduction of bacteria in the test mixtures after incubation were not changed when the inoculated bacterial concentrations were 2.3 x 10 /ml to 2.3 x 10^(6)/ml. The optimal range of incubation time of the petridish after plating the chitom-bacterial mixture was 24 to 72 hours depending on the antibacterial activities of the test solutions.

肺炎 誘發菌의 生育을 抑制하는 韓藥材 探索에 關한 硏究

정병운,서운교,정지천,한영환 동국대학교 한의학연구소 1999 東國韓醫學硏究所論文集 Vol.7 No.2

韓藥材 중 肺炎의 치료효과가 기대되는 淸熱化痰, 止咳平喘藥을 중심으로 23種의 藥材를 사용하여 肺炎을 유발하는 K. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes 및 S. pneumoniae 세균의 생육을 억제하는 藥材를 탐색하고, 탐색된 藥材의 추출물에 대한 세균의 最小生育抑制濃度를 측정하였다. 韓藥材의 水溶性 추출물 중 黃連, 胡黃蓮, 敗醬, 黃芩이 K. pneumoniae에서, 黃連이 S. pyogenes에 대해서 생육억제 효과가 있었으며, S. pneumoniae에 대한 比較沮止環의 直徑은 黃連, 鳥梅, 五味子, 黃芩이 우수하였으나 黃連 추출물 사용시 병원균 모두에서 生育沮止環의 크기가 가장 크게 나타났으며 對照群로 사용된 大腸菌과 枯草菌에서도 어느 정도의 抗細菌 효과를 볼 수 있었다. 에탄올 추출물에서는 敗醬, 黃芩, 五味子, 鳥梅가 K. pneumoniae 세균의 생육을 억제하였으며, S. pyogenes 세균은 黃連, 五味子, 鳥梅, 馬兜鈴찾, 黃芩에 의하여 생육이 억제되어 黃連은 水溶性 및 에탄올 溶解性 주출물에서 모두 우수한 抗細菌 효과를 보여주고 있다. 각 세균에 대한 最小生育沮止濃度(MIC)는 K. pneumoniae 세균일 경우 黃連 및 黃芩의 水溶性 추출물과 鳥梅 및 敗醬의 에탄올 溶解性 추출물이 유의성을 보였으며, S. pyogenes 세균은 黃連의 水溶性 및 에탄올 溶解性 추출물과 鳥梅의 에탄올 溶解性 추출물, S. pneumoniae 세균은 黃連과 鳥梅의 水溶性 및 에탄올 溶解性 주출물에서 유의성이 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 통하여 黃連, 五味子, 鳥梅, 黃芩, 胡黃蓮, 敗醬의 水溶性 및 에탄올 溶解性 추출물이 肺炎 誘發菌f K. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae에 對하여 우수한 生育抑制 作用을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. The various oriental herbal medicines, which have usually been used for treatment of reducing fever, purging intense heat and detoxication, were screened to determine the antibacterial activity and the minimal inhibitory concentration against pulmonary disease-causing Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Among the 23 oriental medicines tested, the water-soluble extracts of Coptis japonica, Scutellaria baicalensis and Picrorrhiza kurroca showed the antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae and that of C. japonica against S. pyogenes. The antibacterial activities of C. japonica, Prunus mume, Schizandra chinesis, Scutellaria baicalensis were also found against S. pyogenes. When C. japonica was used, the high antibacterial activity was shown against Bacillus subtilis and other extracts showed a little activity against B. subtilis and E. coli as a control. 2. The ethanol-soluble extracts of Patrinia scabriosaefolia, P. mume, S. baicalensis, S. chinensis showed the antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae and those of S. baicalensis, C. japonica, S. chinensis P. mume against S. pyogenes and S. pneumoniae. However, those extract showed a little antibacterial activity against B. subttilis and E. coli except for that the extract of C. japonica showed comparatively high growth inhibition of B. subtilis. 3. Among the medicinal herbs tested, the water- and ethanol extracts of C. japonica showed very extcellent antibacterial activity against the pathogenic bacteria and controls. 4. When the water-soluble extracts of C. japonica and S. baicalensis, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against K. pneumoniae were 10 ㎎/㎖ and 22 ㎎/㎖, respectively. The MICs of the ethanol-soluble extracts of P. mume and P. scabriosaefolia were 5 ㎎/㎖ and 20 ㎎/㎖, respectively. 5. For the MICs against S. pyogenes, C. japonica showed 15 ㎎/㎖ with the water-soluble extract and P. mume and C. japonica with the ethanol-souble extract did 5 ㎎/㎖ and 10 ㎎/㎖, respecitively. 6. For the MICs against S. pneumoniae, C. japonica and P. mume with the water- and ethanol-souble extract showed 5 ㎎/㎖ and 10 ㎎/㎖, respecitively. As a result, the highest antibacterial activity was found in the water- and ethanol-soluble extracts of C. Japonica against pulmonary disease-causing bacteria, K. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, and S. pneumoniae. Also, the water- and ethanol-soluble extracts of S, chinensis, P. mume, S. baicalensis and P. kurrooa showed high antibacterial activities.

한약재 추출물의 피부 염증 유발 세균에 대한 항균활성

Young Eun Yu(유영은),Eun Young Park(박은영),Dae Hwa Jung(정대화),Sung Hui Byun(변성희),Sang Chan Kim(김상찬),Sung Min Park(박성민) 한국생명과학회 2010 생명과학회지 Vol.20 No.7

한약재 70종의 메탄올 추출물을 이용하여 4종의 Staphylococcus epidermidis와 S. aureus에 대한 항균효과를 조사한 결과 모든 공시균주에 대하여 항균성을 나타내는 한약재는 황련, 소목, 오배자, 대황과 단삼으로 조사되었다. 이 중 우수한 항균성을 나타낸 오배자와 황련을 물, 에탄올, 메탄올과 에틸아세테이트를 추출 용매로 하여 추출물을 제조하고 항균성을 조사한 결과 황련 열수 추출물에서 가장 우수한 항균성을 확인할 수 있었다. 황련의 항균성은 berberine에 의한 것으로 가정하고 열수 추출물 중 berberine의 함량을 조사한 결과 13.88%로 조사되었다. Berberine에 의한 항균성과 다른 항생제와의 항균성을 비교하기 위하여 berberine chloride와 3종의 항생제를 이용하여 조사한 결과 600 ㎎/ℓ 이상의 berberine chloride 농도에서 KCCM 35494 S. epidermidis에 대한 항균성만 나타내었으며 다른 공시균주에 대한 항균성은 확인되지 않았다. 이에 본 연구에 사용한 공시균주에 대한 C. japonica 열수 추출물의 항균성은 고 농도의 berberine 또는 다른 물질에 의한 것으로 판단할 수 있었으며 이 물질에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단되었다. The antibacterial activity of methanol extracts from 70 kinds of oriental medicinal herbs on four strains of Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis was investigated. The results showed that C. japonica, C. sappan, R. javanica, R. tanguticum, and S. miltiorrhiza had an antibacterial activity on all the strains used. Among these, C. japonica and R. javanica, which showed excellent antibacterial activity, were extracted with water, ethanol, methanol, and ethyl acetate for further study of antibacterial activities. The results showed that the boiled water extract of C. japonica had the best antibacterial activity. Assuming that the antibacterial activity of C. japonica originated from berberine, which has been reported many times, the berberine content of the boiled water extract of C. japonica was analyzed and the result was 13.88%. To compare the antibacterial activity of berberine with that of other antibiotics, berberine chloride and three other kinds of antibiotics were investigated, which showed that berberine chloride had an antibacterial activity on KCCM 35494 S. epidermidis only when the concentration was higher than 600 ㎎/ℓ, and it did not show antibacterial activity in the other strains. Based on these results, it was concluded that the antibacterial activity of the boiled water extract of C. japonica on the strains used in this study originated from high concentration of berberine or substances other than berberine. Therefore, identification of the substance will be necessary.