Influence of structure-soil-structure interaction on foundation behavior for two adjacent structures: Geo-centrifuge experiment

Ngo, Van-Linh,Kim, Jae-Min,Lee, Changho Techno-Press 2019 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.19 No.5

This paper illustrates the results of a series of seismic geotechnical centrifuge experiments to explore dynamic structure-soil-structure interaction (SSSI) of two structures (named S1 and S2) installed on ground surface. A dense homogeneous ground is prepared in an equivalent shear beam (ESB) container. Two structural models are designed to elicit soil-foundation-structure interaction (SFSI) with different masses, heights, and dynamic characteristics. Five experimental tests are carried out for: (1) two reference responses of the two structures and (2) the response of two structures closely located at three ranges of distance. It is found that differential settlements of both structures increase and the smaller structure (S2) inversely rotates out of the other (S1) when they interact with each other. S2 structure experiences less settlement and uplift when at a close distance to the S1 structure. Furthermore, the S1 structure, which is larger one, shows a larger rocking and a smaller sliding response due to the SSSI effects, while S2 structure tends to slide more than that in the reference test, which is illustrated by an increase in sliding response and rocking stiffness as well as a decrease in moment-to-shear ratio (M/H·L) of the S2 structure.

持ち主のやりもらい構文の構造とヴォイス性 ー元になる文との関係からー

송혜선 전북대학교 인문학연구소 2020 건지인문학 Vol.0 No.29

In this paper, give/take-type verb sentence structure was analyzed using the concept of the original verb sentence structure. As a result, in the original verb sentence structure, the sentence structure that affects the part of the action object, that is, the body and possessions, constituted the “owner give/take-type verb” sentence structure. The “owner give/take-type verb” sentence structure is a verb sentence structure in which give/take-type verbs are combined with the transitive verb sentence structure that the “no” role action object affects the possessions of “wo” role and “ni” role. A verb sentence structure such as "Taro washed Jiro's hair" affecting the "wo" role possessions becomes a sentence like "Taro gave Jiro a wash to the hair" in the give-type sentence and it becomes the sentence structure like "Jiro got his hair washed by Taro." in a take-type sentence. In addition, the original verb sentence structure such as ``Taro applied a moxa on Jiro's back'' affecting the ``ni'' role possessions becomes a sentence like ``Taro gave Jiro a moxa on the back'' in a give-type sentence, and ``Jiro got a moxa from Taro on the back'' in a take-type sentence. In other words, the "no" role, which is the beneficiary in the give-type verb sentence, changed to the "ga" role in the take-type verb sentence, and the affected "wo" role and "ni" role do not change. In addition, as a result of examining the voice feature of the ``owner give/take-type verb sentence structure'', it is observed that there is a confrontation structure, the same structure as "owner passive form", in which the owner of ``no'' role is replaced with ``ga'' role in take-type verb sentence structure.

의자디자인 구조의 결합 유형에 관한 연구

오세환(Oh, Sehwan),박영순(Park, Young-Soon) 한국실내디자인학회 2009 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.18 No.6

Structure is one of the most important components in designing chairs, since a chair should support the weight of users and make them feel comfortable. However, previous studies have focused on examining the materials and the techniques of processing of chairs, but less on studying the structures to facilitate human friendly use enough to influence the change of the current chair design. The purpose of this study is to analyze the composition element in structure of the chair design specifically from 2000 to 2008 the fundamentals to achieve quality chair design. This study examined 386 chairs which the most reputable furniture fair, the Milan International Furniture Fair exhibited from 2000 to 2008. 386 chairs were chosen from 72 companies which passed the popularity and ranks. 24 Components of the structure of chairs were used to annalize the 386 chairs. The structural types of chair design included 51 kinds. Among them, the most representative types appeared to be 5 kinds. Particularly, the single structure chair was comprised of 25%, its productivity has increased steadily since 2004 which indicated that the structure of chair has become simplified. According to the components of chair, classified structure types were analyzed into (1) a single structure consisting of one component, (2) a simple structure with two components, (3) a complex structure with three components, and (4) a multiple structure with four components. The majority of chair types followed the order of the single structure, simple structure, complex structure, and multiple structure. The results of the analysis on the structure of chairs indicated that the structure of chairs has been changed toward single type No. 24 and simple type No. 6+13.

Dual-stiffness structures with reconfiguring mechanism: Design and investigation

Park, Yong-Jai,Lee, Jong-Gu,Jeon, Sangwon,Ahn, Heejin,Koh, Jesung,Ryu, Junghyun,Cho, Maenghyo,Cho, Kyu-Jin SAGE Publications 2016 Journal of intelligent material systems and struct Vol.27 No.8

<P>To improve the multi-functionality of a structure, a foldable or deployable structure with variable stiffness is needed. This article presents dual-stiffness structures with two stiffness states: a stiff state and a flexible state for a multi-mission capability. This dual-stiffness structure is based on a hybrid structure that combines rigid and flexible segments; when the rigid segments are rearranged, the bending motion of the compliant material is constrained by the rigid segments, which varies the stiffness of the structure. Instead of continuously changing the stiffness, the dual-stiffness structure abruptly changes the stiffness state with a simple reconfiguring mechanism. We developed two reconfiguring mechanisms: a sliding mechanism and a folding mechanism. Using a layering process, the dual-stiffness structure with a two-dimensional multi-layer design was manufactured. To verify the behavior of the structure, a simplified structure with no sliding mechanism was designed and simulated using a finite element method. The ratio of the length of a rigid segment to the length of a compliant segment determined the stiffness of the structure. This dual-stiffness structure with the reconfiguring mechanism can be effective for applications that require a big change in stiffness, such as for a deployable solar panel, or flexible display.</P>

긴 파이프로 이뤄진 세장형 부이 구조물의 파랑 중 생존성에 관한 모형시험 및 수치해석 연구

권용주,남보우,김남우,박인보,김시문 한국항해항만학회 2018 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.42 No.6

In this study, experimental and numerical analysis were performed on the survivability of a long pipe-type buoy structure in waves. The buoy structure is an articulated tower consisting of an upper structure, buoyancy module, and gravity anchor with long pipes forming the base frame. A series of experiment were performed in the ocean engineering basin of KRISO with the scaled model of 1/22 to evaluate the survivability of the buoy structure at West Sea in South Korea. Survival condition was considered as the wave of 50 year return period. Additional experiments were performed to investigate the effects of current and wave period. The factors considered for the evaluation of the buoy’s survival were the pitch angle of the structure, anchor reaction force, and the number of submergence of the upper structure. Numerical simulations were carried out with the OrcaFlex, the commercial program for the mooring analysis, with the aim of performing mutual validation with the experimental results. Based on the evaluation, the behavior characteristics of the buoy structure were first examined according to the tidal conditions. The changes were investigated for the pitch angle and anchor reaction force at HAT and LAT conditions, and the results directly compared with those obtained from numerical simulation. Secondly, the response characteristics of the buoy structure were studied depending on the wave period and the presence of current velocity. Third, the number of submergence through video analysis was compared with the simulation results in relation to the submergence of the upper structure. Finally, the simulation results for structural responses which were not directly measured in the experiment were presented, and the structural safety discussed in the survival waves. Through a series of survivability evaluation studies, the behavior characteristics of the buoy structure were examined in survival waves. The vulnerability and utility of the buoy structure were investigated through the sensitivity studies of waves, current, and tides. 본 논문에서는 긴 파이프 이뤄진 세장형 부이 구조물의 파랑 중 거동특성에 관한 모형시험과 수치해석 연구를 수행하였다. 대상 부이 구조물은 긴 파이프를 기본 뼈대로 하여, 상부구조물, 부력재, 중력식 앵커로 구성된 아티큘레이트(Articulated)형 부이 구조물이다. 대상해역인 서해에서의 본 부이 구조물의 생존성을 평가하기 위하여, 축척비 1/22의 축소 모형을 제작하여 선박해양플랜트연구소 해양공학수조에서 일련의 모형시험을 진행하였다. 이 때 50년 재현주기의 극한파 조건을 고려하였으며, 또한 조류 및 주기 효과를 검토하기 위하여 추가적인 실험을 수행하였다. 생존성 평가를 위한 주된 평가항목으로는 구조물의 거동, 앵커 지지력, 침수 횟수를 고려하였다. 모형시험 결과와의 상호검증을 수행하기 위하여 상용계류해석 프로그램인 OrcaFlex를 이용하여 수치 시뮬레이션을 병행하였다. 평가결과로써 먼저 조위차에 따른 본 부이 구조물의 거동 특성에 대해 살펴보았다. 고조위와 저조위 조건에서의 종동요 응답, 앵커지지력의 변화를 살펴보았으며, 수치 시뮬레이션 결과와의 직접 비교 검토하였다. 두 번째로는 파도 주기와 조류의 유무에 따른 부이 구조물의 응답 특성 변화에 대해 고찰하였다. 세 번째로는 상부구조물의 침수와 관련하여 비디오 분석을 통한 침수 횟수를 수치해석 결과와 비교 제시하였다. 마지막으로 모형시험에서 직접 계측하지 못한 구조응답과 관련하여 수치 시뮬레이션 결과를 제시하고, 극한파 중 구조적 안전성에 대해서 논하였다. 일련의 생존성 평가 연구를 통하여 본 부이 구조물의 극한파 중 거동 특성에 대해 살펴볼 수 있었으며, 파도, 조류, 조위차에 따른 민감도 특성을 통해 본 부이구조물의 취약점 및 활용성에 대해 고찰해 보고자 하였다.

<오륜가>의 구조적 표현과 구조 : -악장가사- 주세붕, 박선장 등의 작품을 중심으로

양희철 청주대학교 학술연구소 2014 淸大學術論集 Vol.2014 No.S-8

This paper looked upon structural expression and structure in O-Ryun-Ga edited in Ak-Jang-Ga-Sa and written by Ju, Se-bung and Park, Seon-jang. The result of this paper follow as; 1. In O-Ryun-Ga edited in Ak-Jang-Ga-Sa, we discovered to anti-climatic structure and symmetrical structure(A-B-C-A'-B'). 2. In O-Ryun-Ga written by Ju, Se-bung, we also discovered anti-climatic structure and symmetrical structure(A-B-C-A'-B'). 3. In O-Ryun-Ga written by Ju, Se-bung, we discovered three types of structural expression. First type is symmetrical expression which exposed the relational solidarity and paragraph of 2nd-6th unit. Second type is symmetrical expression which exposed the relational solidarity and paragraph of 2nd-6th unit and symmetrical structure(A-B-C-A'-B'). Third type is symmetrical expression which exposed the beginning and end of the work and the relational solidarity of first paragraph(1st unit) and second paragraph(2nd-6th unit). 4. In O-Ryun-Ga written by Park, Seon-jang, we discovered two structure. One is symmetrical structure(A-B-C-A'-B') which is discovered in O-Ryun-Ga edited in Ak-Jang-Ga-Sahe in O-Ryun-Ga written by Ju, Se-bung. The other is paratactic structure which have a change in ending. 5. In O-Ryun-Ga written by Park, Seon-jang, we discovered three types of structural expression. First type is symmetrical expression which exposed the relational solidarity and paragraph of 1st-5th unit. Second type is symmetrical expression which exposed the relational solidarity and paragraph of 1st-5th unit and symmetrical structure(A-B-C-A'-B'). Third type is symmetrical expression and the deviant expression which exposed the beginning and end of the work and the relational solidarity of first paragraph(1st-5th unit) and second paragraph(6th-8th unit).

영ㆍ한 번역의 명제적 순차번역에 관한 연구

김재명 忠州大學校 2008 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.43 No.-

The translating process consists of three stages: analysis in which the surface structure of a source language text is backtransformed into the underlying structure, transfer in which the underlying structure of the source language text moves over into that of the target language text, and restructuring in which the underlying structure of the target language is transformed forward into its surface structure with the consideration of linguistic style. It is important how deeply the surface structure of a source language should be analyzed to meet the practical requirements for a proper translation. Unmarked structure analysis is proposed to provide a clear analysis of the semantic relations in the source language text and to get the natural formation of lexical and syntactic structures in the target language. It is consists of lexical unmarked structure analysis and syntactic unmarked structure analysis. The former involves the transforming of the marked members back to unmarked members, both of which belong to the same word group of the same lexical root. The latter involves the transformation of the marked surface syntactic structure into the unmarked syntactic structure. The proposed unmarked structure analysis is designed to make as similar as possible the widely different surface syntactic structures of English and Korean so that English might be transferred smoothly and naturally into Korean. Native speakers of English are supposed to talk in the order of thinking. This indicates that translations should be made in the order of information unit. It can be called sequential translation which means reproducing English texts into Korean according to the propositional order. Unmarked structure approach contributes to the benefit of sequential translation.

현대 패션디자인에 표현된 모듈러 시스템의 구조방식

윤정아 ( Jcong A Yoon ),이연희 ( Youn Hee Lee ) 복식문화학회 2014 服飾文化硏究 Vol.22 No.5

This study attempted to figure out the usage of the modular system in other fields through literature review and empirical study, analyze its structural method in fashion. After analyzing architecture & product-related books, the Internet data and previous studies, the modular system`s five structural methods were obtained. Then, 991 photos of women`s clothes from 2003 to 2014 were collected through the fashion websites in Korea and abroad. The results can be summarized as follows: First, the following five structures were derived: assembling structure, overlapping structure, arrangement structure, inserting structure and folding structure. Second, according to analysis on the structural method of the modular system in modern fashion, overlapping structure (34%) was the most common. Third, in fashion, the use of fastener for installation and removal is important for assembling structure. In terms of overlapping structure, 3D volume by vertical accumulation was commonly observed. Arrangement structure revealed a horizontal and flat shape through simple arrangement. In inserting structure, on the contrary, non-standardized modules were used as a part of clothes or decorative elements. In folding structure, origami technique for reduction and expansion was used.

试论汉语表致使义的“让”字结构及其对应的韩语表达

張曉曼,王新娟,尚安新 한국중국언어학회 2013 중국언어연구 Vol.0 No.46

In the modern Chinese, the sentence make up of Let is a sentence structure which can express very rich notions.However, it did not bring enough attention on the reach for the Chinese itself and second language teaching. Let can be used in two ways: one is normal verb while another is make up Let structure. The hypogynous expression of Let structure can be divided into Let structure with meaning of lead and Let structure for passive meaning. When Let structure be used for the meaning of lead, it can be further divided into three part: Let structure with meaning of allow or tolerate; Let structure with meaning of impetrate or ask and Let structure with meaning of bring about or lead. With a background of the Chinese and Korea language, this text is going to make a reach on the three subdivision of Let structure when it is used with meaning of lead and will discuss its corresponding expressive manner in Korea language.We hope that this reach and discuss can provide help on the process of teaching and reaching for Chinese-Korea second language. 중국어에서 “.”자문은 여러 가지 의미를 지니고 있는데, 여태까지는 중국어 연구 영역이든 중국어를 제2 언어로 가르치는 대외 한어 영역이든 “.”자문에 관한 연구는 많지않다. “.”의 사용법은 크게 두 가지로 나눌 수 있다. 하나는 일반 동사로 사용하고, 다른 하나는 “.”자문을 구축하는 것이다. 또한 ”.”자문은 사동 의미를 표현하는 “.”자문과 피동 의미를 표현하는 “.”자문 두 가지로 나눌 수 있다. 사동 의미를 표현하는 경우, 허락이나 허용 의미를 표현하는 “.”자문, 명령하여 부리는 의미를 표현하는 “.”자문, 또 원인으로 인해 어떤 결과가 나타나거나 어떻게 되게 하는 “치사(致使)”의미를 표현하는 “.”자문, 세 가지로 나눌 수 있다. 본문은 중한 언어 대조 연구의 배경에서, 중국어 중 사동을 표현하는 세 가지 “.”자문을 분석하고 한국어 중에서 그에 대응하는 표현법을 구하였으니 중국어나 한국어를 제2 언어 교육 연구에 도움이 될 수 있도록 노력하였다.

從連謂結構的存在條件看其來源與發展

사위국 한국중국언어학회 2016 중국언어연구 Vol.0 No.67

As the direct source of today`s Verb-Complement Structure, the Serial Verb Structure has unique conditions itself in syntax structure, semantic relation and pragmatic function. In syntax structure, according to the different semantic features from internal constituent parts V₁,V₂,O₁,O₂, the Serial Verb Structure has four kinds of structures, V₁V₂O,V₁OV₂,V₁O₁V₂O₂ and V₁V₂.In semantic relation, V₁ should show the “action”, V₂ should supplement and explain the result which is caused by the V₁, and there is a “action-result” semantic relationship between V₁ and V₂. In Pragmatic Function, the V₁ showing the “action” takes charge of the center of the structure, and the V₂ complementing and explaining the result takes charge of the core of the expression. Through the analysis of the conditions in syntax structure, semantic relation and pragmatic function, we can find the Descriptive Structure which has direct historical development relation with the Serial Verb Structure. Not only the semantic relation, but also the syntax structure, pragmatic function of this structure are fit for the demands from the Serial Verb Structure. And, as a dynamic developing syntactic structure, the Serial Verb Structure serves as a link between the past - the Descriptive Structure, and the future - the Verb-Complement Structure.