선호 피부색을 사용한 선택적인 피부색 재현 기법

김대철,경왕준,하영호 大韓電子工學會 2012 電子工學會論文誌-SP (Signal processing) Vol.49 No.4

사람 특히 얼굴 및 피부색은 칼라 영상의 화질 평가에 있어서 중요한 요소이다. 그러므로 칼라를 적용하는 장치에는 효과적으로 피부색을 보정하는 방법이 필요하다. 이전의 방법은 선호 피부색 영역의 중심 값을 기준으로 피부색을 보정하였다. 하지만 피부색에 대한 관찰자의 주관적인 평가를 통하여 선호 피부색을 조사한 결과 가장 선호하는 피부색이 선호 피부색 영역의 중심과 일치하지 않으며 또한 하나의 우세한 값을 가지지 않는다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 각 인종에 대한 다중의 선호색을 이용하여 선호 피부색으로 보정하는 방법을 제안한다. 먼저, 각 인종에 대하여 밝기에 따른 다중의 선호 피부색을 결정한다. 그후 피부색 영역을 검출하고 각 인종의 평균 피부색과 검출된 각 피부색 영역의 평균 값의 차이를 이용하여 검출된 피부색 영역에 대한 인종을 선택한다. 다음으로 각 선택된 영역에 대하여 다중의 선호피부색 중 하나의 대응되는 선호 피부색을 결정한다. 마지막으로 입력 피부색은 부드러운 피부색 재현을 위해 선택된 선호 피부색과의 차이에 비율적으로 보정된다. 실험을 통하여 제안한 방법과 이전 방법을 비교하였고, 주관적 평가에서 제안한 방법이 우수한 성능을 나타내었다. In a color image, people and especially facial patterns are important and interesting visual objects. Thus, effective skin color reproduction is essential, as skin color is a key memory color in color application systems. Previous studies suggested skin color reproduction by mapping only to the center value of preferred skin region. However, it is not suitable to determine one preference color because preference color from the observer's preference test is not dominant. In this paper, skin color reproduction using multiple preferred skin colors for each race is proposed. The proposed method first defines multiple preferred skin colors for each race according to their luminance level. After that, skin region is detected in an image. The race is then selected by calculating distance between average chromaticity of detected region and that of each racial skin from a database to assign preferred skin color for each race. Next, each corresponding preferred skin color is determined for each selected race. Finally, input skin color is proportionally mapped toward preferred skin color according to the difference between the input skin color and the preferred skin color for a smoothly reproduced skin color. In the experimental results, the proposed method gives better color correction on the objective and subjective evaluation than the previous methods.

인간 피부색의 다양성과 지역성의 기원

이은일(Eunil Lee) 한국창조과학회 2023 Origin Research Journal Vol.3 No.2

피부색의 다양성은 멜라닌 세포 외에도 다양한 세포들과 여러 요인들이 관여하며, 멜라닌과 관련된 유전자만도 169개를 발견하였다. 따라서 유전자의 조합에 따라 매우 다양한 피부색을 가질 수 있다. 멜라닌은 어두운 색과 밝은색 두가지 종류의 멜라닌이 있으며, 멜라닌이 뭉쳐있는 것을 멜라노좀이라고 하는데 그 크기와 분포에 따라 피부색이 다르게 보인다. 유전적 조합에 따라 피부색은 매우 다양해질 수 있으며, 또한 돌연변이에 의해 멜라닌 생성과 분포가 억제된다면 피부색은 밝은 쪽으로 가게 된다. 피부색은 다양성의 일부일뿐 사람을 구분하는 기준이 될 수 없으며, 피부색에 따른 인종 구분은 전혀 과학적 근거가 없다. 바벨탑 사건 이후 인류가 흩어지면서 유전적 풀이 감소됨에 따라 피부색의 다양성이 감소하였을 것이며, 특정 피부색에 대한 선호도에 따라 특정 피부색이 그 지역의 주된 피부색으로 정착하게 되었을 것이다. 진화론자들은 피부색이 이동에 따른 자외선 노출의 변화에 따라 어두운 피부색이 밝은색으로 진화하였고, 또한 그렇기 때문에 지역 별로 피부색의 분포가 달라졌다고 주장한다. 그러나 자외선 노출에 의한 피부색의 변화는 유전될 수 없으며, 어두운 피부색이 자외선 노출에 의한 비타민D 형성에 문제가 있는 것도 아니기 때문에 이런 주장은 과학적 근거가 없다. The diversity of skin color involves various cells and other factors besides melanocytes, with 169 identified genes related to melanin. As a result, a wide range of skin colors can be attributed to genetic combinations. There are two types of melanin: dark and light. Skin color appears differently based on the size and distribution of melanin clusters known as melanosomes. Genetic combinations can lead to significant variations in skin color. Additionally, if mutations inhibit melanin production and distribution, skin color tends to be lighter. Skin color is just a part of diversity and cannot serve as a basis for distinguishing people. Categorizing races based on skin color lacks scientific basis. After the Tower of Babel incident, as human genetic pools decreased due to dispersal, diversity in skin color likely diminished. Preferences for specific skin colors led to the prevalence of certain skin tones in particular regions. Evolutionary theorists suggest that skin color evolved from dark to light due to change of UV exposure, resulting in varied skin color distributions across regions. However, skin color changes due to UV exposure are not heritable, and the claim that dark skin presents vitamin D synthesis problems due to UV exposure lacks scientific support.

A study of a method for distribution analysis of skin color

Ha, Seunghan,Lee, Minhee,Lee, Onseok,Lee, Gunwoo,Kim, Jeayoung,Moon, Jongsub,Kim, Mingi,Oh, Chilhwan Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 SKIN RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.15 No.2

<P>Background/aims</P><P>The objective and quantitative assessment of the skin is important in medical and cosmeceutical research. Assessment of color is an important element for analyzing the surface of the skin, which is usually determined subjectively by a doctor or using color analysis devices. These devices, however, cannot provide correct color information because color is construed from the mean value of the observation region, and analysis of color distribution is impossible. The purpose of this paper is to develop an objective analysis method to permit skin color measurement of each pixel unit of an image and analyze the distribution of skin surface color.</P><P>Methods</P><P>The Skin Color Distribution Analyzer (SCDA) is an analysis method newly developed at the Research Institute for Skin Image at Korea University. The SCDA system presented in this paper performed a novel form of quantitative and objective analysis of skin color distribution using each pixel color model parameter found in image wavelength information.</P><P>In this paper, distribution analysis was conducted on normal skin and skin lesions and skin affected by artificially induced irritant contact dermatitis and pigmented nevous. The method selected a grade using a color model parameter. Twenty healthy Korean males participated in this study. A comparative study of the eight anatomical areas was performed, including the exposure and non-exposure parts and the medial aspect and the lateral aspect of the forearm. A reliability test for the SCDA system was also conducted with a spectrometer (SPEC) using the color analysis method.</P><P>Results</P><P>Each skin lesion was precisely segmented by grade and each parameter hada different statistical significance for results of analysis of distribution in pigmented nevous and the artificially induced irritant contact dermatitis. Parameters <I>L</I><SUP>*</SUP>, <I>b</I><SUP>*</SUP>, <I>a</I><SUP>*</SUP>, and EI showed salient traits. Showed resemble measured result in the SCDA system and the SPEC of normal skin. The exposed site, in comparison with the non-exposed site, showed a notable difference in the <I>L</I><SUP>*</SUP> parameter and a significant statistical difference in the <I>x</I> and <I>z</I> parameters, except <I>b</I><SUP>*</SUP>. The comparison of the medial and lateral aspects of the forearm showed a notable difference in the <I>L</I><SUP>*</SUP> parameter and a significant statistical difference in the parameters except <I>y</I> and <I>b</I><SUP>*</SUP>. In the reliability test result using the SCDA system and the SPEC, the SCDA system was highly reliabile in terms of the CV value in all color model parameters.</P><P>Conclusions</P><P>The color distribution analysis method using the SCDA system has revealed an aspect that the existent method of medical research has not shown, and is considered to be more reliable than other methods. This method can provide better study findings because it can be applied to other fields in addition to the medical science field and the ripple effect is thought to be bigger in other science field too.</P>

A Study on the Relationship between Skin-Color and Body Image Satisfaction among Female University Students

나현숙,지선옥 한국피부과학연구원 2013 대한피부미용학회지 Vol.11 No.4

Body image is closely related with self-esteem and quality of life. Individuals with negative body image are more likely to suffer from anxiety, pain, disease and depression. One’s dissatisfaction on his own body image not only concerns people’s body size and shape, but also skin color. The most important substance determining human skin color is the pigment melanin, and skin color of which can darken with the exposure of sun. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between body image satisfaction and skin color and to identify the difference of sun-protective behavior according to skin color among female university students in Korea. Korean female university students (n=158, aged 19–26) completed a questionnaire with a battery of questions regarding body satisfaction, subjective skin color, ideal skin color, sun protective behavior,and skin care behavior. Satisfaction on body image was measured using the Body Cathexis Scale (BCS). We used Fitzpatrick skin color types (Type I: pale white, light. Type II: white, fair. Type III: medium, white to brown. Type IV: olive, moderate brown. Type V: brown, dark brown. Type VI: very dark brown to black). Among the 158female students, the order of skin color type frequency was type III (n=107, 67.7%), type II (n=30, 19.0%), type IV (n=18, 11.4%), type I (n =3, 1.9%) and none of the subjects were type V or type VI. There were significant differences in skin satisfaction according to the female college students’ self- reported skin color (p = .001,mean score of type I= 4.33, mean score of type II=3.27, mean score of type III=2.51, and mean score of type IV=2.83). Moreover, there were significant differences in total body image satisfaction by their skin color (p=.003). For sun protection, wearing sunglasses (p=.003) and avoiding outside activities during peak sun hours (p=.025)showed significant difference between skin colors and sun protective behaviors. Our research confirms that the majority of female’s ideal skin color is type I or type II and confirms the association between skin color and body image satisfaction among the female university students in Korea. Females with lighter skin color are more satisfied with their skin and body than females with darker skin color. Also, lighter skinned subjects wore significantly more sunglasses and avoided outside activity during peak sun hours than darker skinned subjects.

색상에 의한 한국인 피부색의 상세한 분류

박다은(Park, DaEun),홍해령(Hong, HaeRyung),박영경(Park, YungKyung) 한국색채학회 2019 한국색채학회 논문집 Vol.33 No.3

Personalized makeup is preferred based on individual skin color diagnosis. In accordance, the need to diagnose skin color accurately is required. Skin color varies across different body locations and therefore inaccurate to measure skin color. For these reasons, human skin color is hard measure as a single color value. Therefore, this study investigated how to classify the tone and brightness of human skin by hue than to measure the skin color. Hue is easier for non-professionals to answer and has a wider choice than warm and cool based skin color. In this study, detailed classification of skin colors was attempted using skin color specimens and actual facial images. Based on the PANTONE SkinToneTM Guide, and real skin images, the skin was classified in terms of six hues of Reddish / Yellowish / Orangish / Greenish / Bluish / Purplish. Considering that skin color can be explained by relative values, the measurement data was converted to a difference (delta) from the average value. In skin colors, Redness (a*) and Yellowess (b*) were calculated by classifying each of them into two large categories and to clearly distinguish Lightness (L*) and Chroma (C*) from the tone graph. Δa*(Redness) and ΔL*(Lightness) are calculated as differences from average value. In the same way, Δb*(Yellowness)-ΔC*(Chroma) was also calculated to explain the hue classification. We also identified that Korean skin color is divided into yellow, reddish, and orangish and the relationship with Δb* and ΔC* values of CIELAB.

메이크업베이스 색상이 유형별 피부색에 미치는 효과

박성연 ( Seong-yeon Park ),장소쌍 ( Xiao-shuang Zhang ),최민령 ( Min Lyoung Choi ) 한국미용학회 2020 한국미용학회지 Vol.26 No.5

Makeup base can be very important because it does not only involve covering skin pigments and matching skin tone before base makeup application, but also it has various colors, which can evoke a completely different feeling. However, a limited knowledge of the effects its color has on people makes it difficult for every woman to choose her right color to correct skin tone. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to verify the effects of makeup base application by color on skin colors among the Korean women in order to help select a right makeup base color. To this end, preliminary literature review has led us to selection of Korean skin colors by skin color type. And we carried out a skin color measurement on the makeup base - applied Korean women by color, accompanied by an expert evaluation of the effects of makeup base application on them in terms of a covering of skin pigments and a matching of skin tones. The findings in this study are as follows: First, as for reddish skin with medium brightness, a synthesis of the color measurement and the expert evaluation proves yellow the most effective of the makeup base colors. Pitch and purple are less effective in correcting skin color because of higher increase in brightness and less reduction in the chromaticity value of red. Especially, purple reduces the yellowness of skin too much, causing an overall uneven skin tone. The color measurement shows that the green is the most effective in reducing the redness, yet remaining less effective than yellow in the overall evaluation of brightness and chromaticity values of red and yellow; Second, considering yellowish skin with medium brightness, the synthetic evaluation shows pitch the most effective of the makeup base colors. Green, purple, yellow all are less effective despite their tone-up, which is due to the decrease in brightness, and also give rise to much fall in the reddishness of the skin, making a imperfect complexion. Among them, green result in such reduction in reddishness and in yellowness of the skin as to make a somber looking with a most darksome complexion; Third, as to very bright reddish skin, the synthetic overview proves green the most effective of the makeup base colors. With little changes in brightness measured, pitch and purple are the least effective in correcting reddish skin color, while green is the most effective in it. Fourth, in respect of very bright yellowish skin, the synthetic evaluation proves purple the most effective of the makeup base colors. Green and yellow results in such brightness as to make the originally bright skin a pale looking. Especially, yellow bring down the chromaticity value of red, making the originally yellowish skin a imperfect looking, with less lessening in the chromaticity value of yellow rendering the correcting of yellowish skin less effective. As for pitch, little changes in brightness makes it suitable for a bright skin tone, yet resulting in less effectiveness of covering yellowish pigments.

홍채색과 피부색의 연관성에 관한 연구

김지웅 ( Ji Woong Kim ),안효현 ( Hyo Hyun Ahn ),계영철 ( Young Chul Kye ) 대한피부과학회 2008 대한피부과학회지 Vol.46 No.11

Background: In a study, iris color was positively associated with skin melanin content. So it could be assumed that iris color has a close relationship with skin color. But until recently, classification system of iris color has been subjective and not suitable especially for Asian population for their relative homogeneity of iris color. Objective: The purpose of this study was to devise an objective and quantitative method to measure iris and skin color quantitatively and to assess the relationship and its significance. Methods: We devised photographic system composed of digital camera and tungsten lamp with color temperature conversion filter to acquire adequate iris images for colorimetric investigations. The reference CIELAB coordinates of color chart recorded with reflectance spectrophotometer were compared statistically with computed CIELAB coordinates from digital images in order to find equations for calibrating CIELAB values. To find the dermatological significance, we took pictures of 47 Korean patients with various conditions. They were evaluated with regard to iris color, color of sun-exposed and sun-protected skin. Results: The images obtained with this system were enough to be used for the assessment of iris and skin color. And, it was possible to quantify the iris color, skin color and its difference in colorimetric ways using the methods in this study. Lightness (L*) of sun-exposed skin is decreased to the age. L* of iris has a positive correlation with L* of sun-exposed skin. L* of iris was positively correlated with a* and b* of iris respectively. The relations were very similar with those between L* of iris and each of a* and b* of sun-protected skin. Conclusion: Iris color could be assessed by using their images colorimetrically obtained by our method. As L* of iris color has the similar relations with a* and b* in both iris and sun-protected skin, the iris color would be a clue to look for and define the constitutional skin color. (Korean J Dermatol 2008; 46(11): 1500∼1506)

애니메이션에 나타난 캐릭터 피부색의 특성 <태일이> 캐릭터를 중심으로

한혜진 한국애니메이션학회 2024 애니메이션연구 Vol.20 No.1

인물 주인공이 등장하는 애니메이션 작품에서 피부색 표현은 시각적 완성도 면에서 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구는 국내외에서 최근 수준 높은 영상미와 완성도로 평가받은 애니메이션 <태일이>를 대상으로 피부색의 표현 특성을 분석하고자 하였다. 100장의 애니메이션 장면에 드러난 메인 캐릭터의 피부색을 추출하였다. 그 데이터를 이전 연구와 비교한 결과, 선호 피부색에 의존성이 높은 일본 지브리 애니메이션보다 다인종의 캐릭터가 포함된 디즈니의 캐릭터 피부색에 더 가까운 결과를 확인할 수 있었다. 추가로 선행된 피부색의연구와 그 분포를 비교한 결과, 특정 인종이나 동아시아 국가에 국한한 피부색의 범위에서 벗어나 다양한 인종의 사진 이미지를 통해 얻은 선포 피부색의 범위에 태일이의 피부색 범위가 포함되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 이는 다인종성이나 확장성에 의한 결과라기보다 감독이 의도한 애니메이터의 경험이나 기억색에 의존하여표현되는 장면이 아닌 실사 촬영을 기반으로 피부색을 재현하여 리얼리티와 조명 효과를 살린 화면 연출의 결과라고 추정할 수 있었다. 이러한 실사 촬영에 기반하여 사전 시각화 작업인 프리비주얼에 공을 들인 <태일이>의독특한 애니메이션 제작 방식은 수준 높은 한국 영화 산업에 새로운 가능성을 제시하고 있다. 본 연구를 통해 작품 내에서의 미장센 표현과 피사체와의 관계에 맞물려 나타난 조명 효과에 의한 특성을 피부색 데이터를 통해일부 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 데이터가 최근 주목받고 있는 AI 기술에 의한 애니메이션 채색 방법 개발에 기초가 되어 이전보다 용이한 애니메이션 제작에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. Skin colors of main characters in animations play a very important role in terms of visual completeness. In this study characteristics of skin colors in the animation <Chun Tae-il> which has recently been evaluated for its high level of visual beauty and completeness both at domestic and abroad, were analyzed. The skin color of the main character shown in 100 animation scenes was extracted. As a result of comparing the data with the previous research, it is confirmed that the results were closer to the skin color of Disney's characters, which include multiracial characters, than to the Japanese Ghibli animation, which is highly dependent on preferred skin color. In addition, as a result of comparison of the distribution with previous skin color studies, Taeil's skin color range was found to be within the range of declared skin color obtained through photographic images of various races. However, it is hardly considered that this is the result of multi-ethnicity and expanded skin expression in the expression of one character. It was the result of a screen production that utilized realism and lighting effects by reproducing skin color based on live action shooting rather than based on the animator's experience or memory colors as intended by the director. <Taeil>'s unique animation production method, which focuses on pre-visualization work based on live-action shooting, presents new possibilities for the high-quality Korean film industry. Through this study, it could be confirmed some of the characteristics of the lighting effect that appeared in conjunction with the mise-en-scène expression through skin color data. It is believed that such data can serve as the basis for the development of animation coloring methods using AI technology, which has recently been attracting attention, contributing to easier animation production than before.

한국 여성의 피부색 분류와 의상선호색에 관한 연구

김구자,이민아 한국의류학회 2002 한국의류학회지 Vol.26 No.1

The textile industry is putting increased effort to manufacture the value-added products that gives the differentiated characters at every level of fiber and fabric production. The color is an important element to be used strategically in order to push up the value-added design. The colors of apparel products have a close relationship with the skin colors of consumers and their preference colors. This study was carried out to cluster the skin colors of the Korean women into several similar skin colors and to analyze their preference colors by the classified groups. We measured the skin colors of 354 Korean women. With color spectrometer, JX-777, we measured 4 points of the body; cheek with removing cosmetics off, forehead, rear neck and arm on the interior part near elbow. All subjects had been shown with 40 color chips and answered the preference colors and preference colors of apparel. Data were analysed to classify skin colors using K-means Cluster Analysis and Duncan test, Frequency and Chi square test on the preference colors about the clustered 3 groups. In doing so, we used in SPSS Win 10 statistical package. Findings were as follows: 1) The skin colors of the Korean women were clustered into YR, R, and Y skin colors. The majority of the subjects, 324 observations had YR skin colors and the subjects were classified into 3 kinds of skin color groups who had YR skin colors. 2) The average skin colors of total 324 subjects was 5.23YR 6.49/4.09 in Munsell Color System(MCS), 66.56 in L value, 10.53 in a value, and 20.67 in b value. 3) The average skin color of Type 1 was 7.98YR 6.24/4.14 in MCS, 64.10 in L value, 15.05 in a value, and 24.0 in b value. For Type 2 was 7.30YR 6.56/3.28 in MCS, 67.24 in L value, 6.89 in a value, and 18.4 in b value, and Type 3 was 7.01YR 7.20/4.38 in MCS, 73.53 in L value, 16.04 in a value, and 24.87 in b value. 4) The average face color of total 324 subjects was 7.31YR 6.65/3.56 in MCS, 68.13 in L value, 9.53 in a value, and 20.18 in b value. 5) The average face color of Type 1 was 4.19YR 6.92/5.05 in MCS, 70.78 in L value, 13.2 in a value, and 25.32 in b value. For Type 2 was 5.24YR 6.33/3.79 in MCS, 64.94 in L value, 9.84 in a value, and 19.08 in b value. Type 3 was 5.4YR 6.85/4.68 in MCS, 70.1 in L value, 11.73 in a value, and 23.92 in b value. 6) The difference of mean values between the clustered 3 skin color groups showed significantly different except the a value of neck and H value of cheeks and H value of foreheads. 7) All 3 groups showed that the most preference colors and the most preference colors of apparel was 5R 4/14. and their preference colors were much more than the preference colors of apparel.

시감비색 측정피부색과 자가인지 피부색, 선호피부색 비교분석

신향선(HyangSun Shin),박연선(YunSun Park) 한국색채학회 2015 한국색채학회 논문집 Vol.29 No.1

일반적으로 피부색에 관한 객관적인 정확도를 위해 물리적 측색인 색차계를 사용하여 측정된 피부색 영역을 활용하고 있다. 이때 실제 시감으로 보는 피부색과 측색된 값을 재현한 경우 색차가 크기에 간편하게 육안평가를 위해 활용하는 측면에서는 실용성이 떨어진다. 특히, 감성적인 측면을 고려하여 색채개발을 하는 경우 소비자 스스로 자기 피부색을 인지하고 선호하는 피부색 영역에 관한 색재현과 선정이 필요하게 된다. 본 연구의 목적은 육안평가를 위한 시감비색 측정색과 소비자 스스로 판단하는 자가인지 피부색, 선호피부색에 대한 빈도에 따른 분포도와 색영역을 비교분석을 통해 육안평가시 활용되는 피부색에 대한 컬러가이드라인과 관련 색조개발단계에서 시감비색과 소비자가 선호하는 감성적인 측면의 피부색을 재현할 때 참고자료로 활용하고자 함이다. 이에 본 연구는 물리적 측색을 통해 측색된 피부색을 토대로 색영역을 참고하여 시감비색 측정용 색표집을 제작하고 시감비색 측정피부색과 자가인지 피부색, 선호피부색에 대한 빈도에 따른 분포도와 색영역을 비교분석하여 알아보았다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 시감비색 측정피부색은 물리적인 측색의 피부색보다 밝고 노르스름하게 측정되었고 자가인지 피부색의 경우 시감비색 측정피부색보다는 비교적 밝고 붉게 인지하고 있음을 확인했다. 선호피부색은 자가인지하는 피부색보다 더 밝은 피부색을 선호하는 결과로 한국여성의 핑크빛의 밝은 피부색 선호도가 그대로 반영된 결과가 나타났다. 이에 육안평가에서 시감에 적합한 피부색 평가에 필요한 기준색을 제시하는 컬러가이드라인에서 실용성 있는 적절한 기준색을 선정하는데 도움을 주게 될 것이라 본다. In general, colorimetry on skin color utilizes physical colorimeter with measured skin color area in consideration of objective accuracy. At that time, the grand discrepancy between skin color by visual colorimetry and the one by colorimeter makes it less effective in practical usage. In particular, color development in terms of the emotional effect requires the selection and demonstration of skin color and preference by customers themselves. The purpose of this study is for making a reference to set a color guideline in practical usage and related color development on skin color through a distribution chart in frequency of color by visual colorimetry and self-recognized and preferring skin color by customer. In this regard, this study suggests that a comparative analysis on color area and distribution chart in frequency of color on self-recognized and preferring skin color with a color chart for visual colorimetry based on skin color by colormetry. The results are the following. It is confirmed that the skin color by visual colorimetry showed brighter and yellower than the one by colorimeter and the self-recognition skin color showed quite brighter and redder than the one by visual colorimetry. The preferring skin color showed much brighter skin color preference than self-recognized skin color, reflecting preference of Korean women in bright pink skin color. It will help to select proper standard color as setting a guideline for standard skin color in practical usage through macrography.