다형질 Animal Model에 의한 12개월령 한국산 전복 2 아종의 성장관련형질에 대한 유전모수 추정

최미경,한석중,양상근,원승환,박철지,여인규 한국패류학회 2008 The Korean Journal of Malacology Vol.24 No.2

In other aquaculture species, large improvements in growth have been achieved through selective breeding. Ezo abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) and disk abalone (H. discus discus) are major aquatic animals cultured in Asia, but selective breeding for the promotion of growth with these abalones has not been actively pursued. Recently significant efforts are being made to promote production of these species through selective breeding in Korea. The aims of this work were to estimate the general genetic parameters, heritabilities, and genetic and phenotypic correlations on growth-related traits at 1-year old in two Korean abalone subspecies, H. discus hannai and H. discus discus, by using multiple trait animal model. The data were collected from the records of 1,504 individuals produced from 22 sires and 26 dams in H. discus hannai and 297 individuals produced from 5 sires and 6 dams in H. discus discus, which evaluated by the Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute (NFRDI). Genetic parameters were estimated for these abalone subspecies raised in Bukjeju branch, NFRDI, from May 20, 2004 to May 16, 2005, respectively. The heritability estimates obtained from restricted maximum likelihood (REML) were higher than expected, ranging from 0.40 to 0.43 for growth traits shell length, shell width and body weight in H. discus hannai and from 0.26 to 0.51 in H. discus discus, respectively. The heritabilities for shell shape and condition factor were lower than others of growth traits such as ranging from 0.09 to 0.19 in H. discus hannai and from 0.10 to 0.23 in H. discus discus, respectively. Genetic and phenotypic were > 0.93 between shell parameters and weight in two abalone species, respectively, indicating that breeding for weight gains could be successfully achieved by selecting for shell length. In other aquaculture species, large improvements in growth have been achieved through selective breeding. Ezo abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) and disk abalone (H. discus discus) are major aquatic animals cultured in Asia, but selective breeding for the promotion of growth with these abalones has not been actively pursued. Recently significant efforts are being made to promote production of these species through selective breeding in Korea. The aims of this work were to estimate the general genetic parameters, heritabilities, and genetic and phenotypic correlations on growth-related traits at 1-year old in two Korean abalone subspecies, H. discus hannai and H. discus discus, by using multiple trait animal model. The data were collected from the records of 1,504 individuals produced from 22 sires and 26 dams in H. discus hannai and 297 individuals produced from 5 sires and 6 dams in H. discus discus, which evaluated by the Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute (NFRDI). Genetic parameters were estimated for these abalone subspecies raised in Bukjeju branch, NFRDI, from May 20, 2004 to May 16, 2005, respectively. The heritability estimates obtained from restricted maximum likelihood (REML) were higher than expected, ranging from 0.40 to 0.43 for growth traits shell length, shell width and body weight in H. discus hannai and from 0.26 to 0.51 in H. discus discus, respectively. The heritabilities for shell shape and condition factor were lower than others of growth traits such as ranging from 0.09 to 0.19 in H. discus hannai and from 0.10 to 0.23 in H. discus discus, respectively. Genetic and phenotypic were > 0.93 between shell parameters and weight in two abalone species, respectively, indicating that breeding for weight gains could be successfully achieved by selecting for shell length.

GaN 스트라이프 꼭대기 위의 AlGaN 어레이 미세구조의 선택적 결정 성장

이승현,안형수,양민,Lee, Seunghyun,Ahn, Hyungsoo,Yang, Min 한국결정성장학회 2015 韓國結晶成長學會誌 Vol.25 No.5

The growth and characterization of micro sized AlGaN array structures selectively grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on GaN stripes are reported. The shape of the AlGaN array structures depends on the size of exposed area for selective growth. The AlGaN array structures grown selectively on relatively large exposed area have regular shapes resembling those of the GaN stripes on the substrate, while samples selectively grown on relatively small exposed area have irregular shapes. The phonon frequency of the AlGaN array structures increases with increasing Al composition in the AlGaN structure. However, at relatively high Al composition (x = 0.28 in this research), the phonon frequency decreases slightly from the expected value not only because of large tensile strain associated with large differences between the lattice constants of the AlGaN structure and underlying GaN stripes but also changes of crystal facet direction during the selective growth. GaN 스트라이프 구조의 정상 부분에 Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition(MOCVD) 방법에 의해 선택적으로 결정 성장된 마이크로 크기의 AlGaN 어레이 구조의 성장과 그 특성에 관해 연구하였다. AlGaN 어레이 구조의 형태 변화가 선택 성장을 위한 노출 면적에 의존한다는 것을 확인하였다. 상대적으로 넓게 노출 된 성장 영역 위에서 선택 성장된 AlGaN 어레이 구조는 기판 위의 GaN 스트라이프와 유사한 규칙적인 모양을 가지는 반면 상대적으로 좁게 노출된 영역 위에서 선택 성장 된 AlGaN 어레이 구조는 불규칙한 모양을 가진다. 한편, Al 조성비가 증가함에 따라 AlGaN 어레이 미세 구조에 대한 고유 포논 진동수도 높아짐을 확인할 수 있었다. 하지만 상대적으로 높은 Al 조성비에서는 고유 포논 진동수는 AlGaN 구조와 그 아래의 GaN 스트라이프 사이의 큰 격자상수 차이와 선택적 결정 성장 과정 동안의 결정면 방향의 변화에 의해 강한 tensile strain으로 인해 다시 감소하는 경향을 보임을 확인하였다.

Selective Migration and Economic Growth in México

Jaime Lara Lara,Bernardo Garza Gómez,Dania Monárrez Barrón,Emilio Mátar Zambrano,Gustavo Vázquez García 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2023 Journal of Economic Development Vol.48 No.1

The objective of this study is to determine the impact of selective internal migration on regional economic growth in Mexico. The net skilled migration rate has no significant impact on growth. The net migration rate is positively correlated with economic growth, but has no effect when endogeneity is solved. Together, the results indicate that there is no significant and robust causal impact of migration on growth. These results sustain even when we consider the negative effect that population growth rate have on regional economies.

PCR-Select cDNA Subtraction을 이용한 Allomyces macrogynus의 팡이실의 성장 관련 유전자의 분리

박중규,구용범 인제대학교 1998 仁濟論叢 Vol.14 No.1

Allomyces macrogyuns의 이배체 꼬리홀씨들은, 공세포로 전환된 후, 실뿌리에 이어 팡이실을 형성하는데, 팡이실로 성장하는 과정에서 대기중의 산소의 고갈로 인하여 길이 성장이 급격히 촉진된다. 본 연구에서는, 길이 성장에 관련하는 유전자를 분리하기 위해서 보통의 대기 조건에서 자란 팡이실(Normoxia)과 하나의 탈산소제를 처리한 조건에서 자란 팡이실(Hypoxia)을 수확하여 PCR을 이용한 cDNA subtraction(PVR-select cDNA subtraction)을 수행하였다. PCR로 선택된 subtracted cDNA는 pGEM-T vector에 삽입 후, 대장균에 클로닝하여, 115개의 형질전환체를 무작위적으로 골라 slot blot hybridization을 하였다. 그 결과, 대부분의 클론이 Normoxic 조건에서 보다 Hypoxic 조건에서 다량 발현되는 유전자로나타났으며, 이들 중에서 60개의 클론을 DNA 염기 서열 분석하였더니 19가지의 서로 다른 염기 서열로 동정되었다. 이 유전자들을 Genbank Database와의 유사성을 조사했을 때, 염기 서열상 이미 알려진 유전자와의 유사성이 적었으나, 아미노산 서열상으로는 몇 가지 단백질들과 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 60개의 클론 중에서 높은 빈도로 나타나는 4가지 클론을 northern hybridization하였더니, 대략적으로 각각 0.9kb, 1.9kb, 1.9kb, 2.8kb의 mRNA로 전사되는 것으로, Hypoxic 조건의 팡이실에서 특이적으로 발현되는 것으로 나타났다. Diploid zoospore of Allomyces macrogynus form hyphae after encystment and rhizoid formation. It was the linear growth of hyphae that was stimulated on their growth by oxygen depletion in the atmosphere. In this study, CDNA subtraction with PCR(PCR-select cDNA subtraction) between hyphae incubated under normal atmosphere(Normoxia) and hyphae incubated with an oxygen absorbent(Hypoxia) were performed in order to isolate the genes related to the linear growth. PCR-select Subtracted cDNAs were cloned into E. coli JM 109 using pGEM-T vector. Total 115 transformants were randomly selected and analysed by slot blot hybridization. Most of them were found to be expressed in higher level in Hypoxic condition than in Normoxic condition. Of them, 60 clones were sequenced. They were identified as 19 clones, since nucleotide sequence of 60 clones was identical. Nucleotide homology search of these clones showed no significant homology with known genes, whereas amino acid sequence homology revealed that they had some homology with known proteins. Northern hybridization analysis of 4 frequently appeared clones among 60 clones confirmed that they were expressed in higher level in Hypoxic condition and their mRNA sizes were approximately 0.9kb, 1.9kb, 1.9kb, 2.8kb, respectively.

Determinants of SME Growth: Korean Manufacturing Firms

박창균,임형준 한국금융연구원 2017 KIF 연구보고서 Vol.2017 No.9

▣ 본 보고서는 4,995개 중소기업의 장기(6년) 성장률 결정 요인을 실증 분석 · 2008년 중 기술보증기금이 기술평가보증을 제공한 4,995개 제조업 중소기업을 분석 대상으로 함. · 기업 개괄정보(설립일, 대표인 등), 재무제표 정보, 기보가 평가한 45개 항목 기업 기술평가(KTRS) 정보 등을 바탕으로 자료를 구성 · 기업의 업력, 규모, 무형자산 비중, 영업현금흐름, 레버리지 비율, 경영자 역량, 기업 기술력, 마케팅 역량, 프로젝트 사업성을 설명변수로 구성 ▣ 실증분석 모형으로는 단순회귀모형(OLS), 해크만(Heckman) 표본선택모형, 분위수(quantile)회귀모형, 부친스키(Buchinsky(2001)) 분위수 표본선택 회귀모형을 사용 · 4,995개 기업 중 1,884개 기업이 6년 동안 데이터베이스에서 소실되어 3,111개 기업의 성장률만 관측되는 표본선택 문제를 감안할 필요 · 아울러 고성장 기업과 일반 기업의 성장 결정 요인이 상이할 가능성을 고려하여 분위수회귀분석을 시행하는 것이 중요 · 단순회귀모형과 분위수회귀모형을 분석한 후 두 모형에서 표본선택 문제를 보정하는 Heckman모형과 Buchinsky(2001) 모형을 추정하여 결과를 비교 ▣ 기업의 기술력과 마케팅 역량이 중소기업, 특히 고성장 중소 기업의 성장에 중요한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타남. · 기존 문헌에서와 같이 기업의 업력과 규모는 성장률에 음(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 추정 · 장기성장률에 재무정보 중 레버리지 비율은 음(-)의 영향을, 영업현금흐름은 양(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 정성적 특성 중에서는 기업 기술력, 마케팅 역량, 사업화 역량의 영향이 두드러짐. · 특히, 기업 기술력과 마케팅 역량이 고성장 기업의 성장에 대해서 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타남. · 반면 중소기업의 부도예측에 있어 가장 중요한 변수로 추정 되었던 경영자 역량(박창균·임형준(2015))은 중소기업의 장기성장에는 큰 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 분석 ▣ 중소기업의 자금조달을 지원하는 정책금융은 중소기업의 성장잠재력을 감안한 장기 자금지원으로 체계를 개편할 필요가 있음. · 첫째, 정책금융기관이 건전성 악화를 우려하여 안정적인 중소기업에 대한 자금지원에 치중하는 것을 방지하기 위하여 프로그램별로 목표 사고율을 책정하고 정부·국회는 해당 프로그램 사고율이 목표수준을 하회할 경우 건전성을 문제 삼지 않을 필요 · 둘째, 정책금융기관은 지원 중소기업을 심사·선정할 때 중소기업의 성장잠재력과 자금조달갭(financing gap)을 평가할 필요 · 셋째, 1년 단기 보증을 제공할 경우 사실상 운전자금으로 사용될 수밖에 없는 점을 감안하여 중소기업이 성장을 위한 설비투자에 사용할 수 있도록 장기자금을 지원하는 프로그램을 마련 · 넷째, 기술보증기금은 현재 부도확률 예측에 초점이 맞추어져 있는 기술평가시스템을 기업 성장잠재력 예측을 중심으로 개편·개발해야 함. We investigate the determinants of the long-term growth of SMEs using the quantile regression with sample selection. Using the unique and private firm evaluation data, we construct the firm-specific qualitative and financial variables for 4,995 manufacturing SMEs. Firm`s size, age-with diminishing marginal effect-and leverage ratio negatively affect the growth rates while operating cash flows, level of technology, marketing ability, and feasibility of commercialization project have positive and significant effect. Notably, firm`s technological level, marketability, and leverage ratio have strong effect only for the high conditional quantile of firm growth, while management, known to be a critical factor in default risk, does not predict the long-term growth.

A Parameter Selection Model for Avascular Tumor Growth

Changyu Liu,Bin Lu,Cong Li 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Control and Automation Vol.7 No.12

Based on a set of reaction-diffusion equations of oxygen, glucose and growth inhibitory factor which were built to describe the tumor growth environment, a cell cycle control factor was proposed for the simulation of the avascular tumor growth. In order to fix the model parameters, a two-level heuristic searching was given for the parameter selection. Finally, a total finite element energy equation was present to combine the chemical simulation and the physical simulation for the avascular tumor growth. Experimental results showed that the presented approach outperformed the baseline approach in the simulation of the mouse mammary tumor cells EMT6/Ro.

GIS 기반의 미더덕 SFG(Scope for Growth)를 이용한 양식장의 적지선정

박정현 ( Jung Hyun Park ),서용철 ( Yong Cheol Suh ) 한국지리정보학회 2013 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.16 No.3

본 연구는 GIS를 기반으로 한 미더덕 SFG를 이용하여 미더덕 양식장의 적지를 선정하는데 있다. 미더덕 양식은 2001년 15,084M/T의 생산량을 기록하였으나 2005년 1,412M/T로 생산량이 급격히 감소하였다. 이후 연간생산량은 조금씩 증가하여 2012년 2,484M/T를 나타냈으나 여전히 초기 생산물량에 미치지 못하고 있는 실정이다. SFG는 환경과 생물간의 상호연관성을 나타내고 양식생물의 성장도를 나타낸다. SFG 개념을 이용하여 GIS 기반의 적지선정이 가능하며, 양식장의 지속적인 생산성확보를 위한 어장관리시스템 구축에 활용할 수가 있다. 진동만 미더덕 양식장에 대한 GIS 기반의 미더덕 SFG를 이용한 적지 선정을 하여본 결과 해역 전체의 SFG는 0.054~0.57J/day의 범위를 보였으며, 대상해역과 중첩시킨 미더덕 양식장의 SFG 역시 0.054~0.57J/day로 분포하고 있다. 또한 미더덕 양식장의 SFG와 실제 생산량의 상관성r=0.786, p<0.05 로 높은 상관성을 보이고 있다. GIS 기반 양식장의 서식지적합도 산정을 통한 어장관리시스템 구축은 양식장의 적지선정과 양식장의 지속가능한 생산량을 확보할 수 있으며, 환경의 변동과 양식생물성장의 인과관계를 객관화 할 수 있는 체계를 도입함으로서, 지속적인 어장 관리를 위한 의사결정방안을 도출 할 수 있다. The purpose of this paper is to do GIS-based suitable site selection using Scope for Growth index of Styela clava in Jindong Bay. The aquaculture of Styela calva is only conducted in Korea, especially Jindong Bay. Suspended culture of Styela clava was initiated in 2001 and the annual production reached 15,084M/T, but declined to 1,412M/T in 2005. The annual production was increased slightly to 2,484M/T in 2012 but the production is lower than the beginning yield. Scope for Growth(SFG) can indicate interrelationships between environment and organism growth index in aquaculture. GIS-based suitable site selection can be available by the concept of SFG, and fishery management system can be constructed for the sustainable production. As a result of the assessment of habitat suitability, Jindong Bay`s SFG value ranges 0.054~0.57J/day and Styela clava farm`s SFG values range 0.054~0.57J/day, either. The correlation between Styela clava farm`s SFG and the actual production has a good result, as r=0.786, p<0.05. The construction of fishery management system using habitat suitability index ensures the reasonable site selection and the sustainable production in aquaculture farm. It introduces an objective method for the interrelationships between the environmental variation and the organism growth. Consequently, it can promote the decision making practices for the sustainable fishery management.

선발육종 넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus)의 성장형질에 대한 유전모수 및 유전적 개량효과 추정

박종원 ( Jong-won Park ),이다인 ( Da-in Lee ),정효선 ( Hyo Sun Jung ),김주란 ( Julan Kim ),양혜림 ( He-rim Yang ),이정호 ( Jeong-ho Lee ) 한국수산과학회 2021 한국수산과학회지 Vol.54 No.6

The aim of this study was to evaluate genetic parameters of growth traits for improving selective breeding in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus produced in April 2019. The total length and body weight at 11-, 18-, and 22-months-old were measured for 7,479, 2,831 and 1,904 individuals, respectively. Since 2004, we have been conducting a selective breeding program to improve growth traits in the olive flounder. Data were analyzed using the restricted maximum likelihood method using the multiple traits animal model. The effect of sex and production period showed significant differences in all traits (P<0.05). The heritability of all traits was 0.428-0.520, which is relatively high by measurement month. Therefore, it is considered that individual selection will be more advantageous than family selection. However, to maintain an appropriate degree of inbreeding and genetic diversity for future generations, it is necessary to consider family selection adequately. Results of the correlation analysis between the same traits according to the measurement period indicated that considering production costs such as feed cost, selection at 18-months-old will be advantageous. Olive flounder is a major aquaculture species in Korea, and continuous selective breeding research is essential to improve productivity.

육종가 기반 북방전복(Haliotis discus hannai) 성장형질의 유전적 개량량 추정

박종원,박철지,이다인,정효선,김혜진,김주란,김우진 한국수산과학회 2020 한국수산과학회지 Vol.53 No.4

This study was conducted to estimate the genetic improvements by selection criteria using the genetic parameters and breeding values for population of abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Genetic parameters and breeding values were estimated using all measurement data of growth traits (shell length, shell width and total weight) at 18 and 30 months old after artificial fertilization for 3,029 individuals produced in April 2014. Growth traits all exhibited moderate heritability (0.253-0.354). So it is considered that family selection will be more advantageous than individual selection. It was found that a higher genetic improvement could be expected when selecting the top 10% based on the breeding values of total weight rather than other traits. In particular, a higher genetic improvement could be expected when selecting the top 10% at 30 months old than 18 months old after artificial fertilization. This seems to be because the selection differential and heritability were higher at the 30 months old. Therefore, by estimating genetic parameters and breeding values of a population for production of the next generations by stage of growth, if they are used properly in selection and mating according to the improvement direction, it is considered that more breeding effects can be expected.

Synthesis of Small Diameter Silicon Nanowires on SiO₂ and Si₃N₄ Surfaces

AHN, Jae Hyun,LEE, Jae-Hyun,KOO, Tae-Woong,KANG, MyungGil,WHANG, Dongmok,HWANG, SungWoo The Institute of Electronics, Information and Comm 2010 IEICE transactions on electronics Vol.93 No.5

<P>We report successful bottom-up synthesis of small diameter silicon nanowires (SiNWs) on SiO<SUB>2</SUB> and Si<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> surfaces. SiNWs with diameter comparable to the diameter of the Au nano-particles (10-20nm) were grown on these surfaces, as well as on Si substrates which are commonly used for the nanowire growth. The growth temperature for obtaining a high density of SiNWs on SiO<SUB>2</SUB> and Si<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> substrates is higher (460-470°C) than that of the case of normal Si substrates (440°C). The growth on patterned substrates demonstrates that SiNWs can be selectively grown. Furthermore, the guided growth over metal structures is also shown to be possible. Selective growth of SiNWs on pre-patterned surfaces opens up the possibility of self-aligning SiNWs for the integration of complex device structures.</P>