Estimation of Reused Household Waste in Seoul

( Keeyoung Yoo ),( Koun Kim ),( Wonsam Kang ),( Hyejin Lee ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2022 ISSE 초록집 Vol.2022 No.-

People in Seoul have been actively engaged with the various activities of household waste reuse: however, how much household wastes have been reused is not well-known. This study aims to estimate the amount of reuse in Seoul. Based on a survey of 1,500 Seoul citizens, 69.5% were found to be engaged in repair, 50% in donation, 55% in purchase and 45.3% in sales. People are willing to participate in reuse activities more in the future, which will result 16.5%p ~ 25.4%p increase of citizen participation. Based on a material flow analysis of reuse organizations, resale rate versus collected goods in charity shops covered 20.6%, while the rate in the recycling centers managed by the district authorities was 61.8% and the rate in the clothing box operators, monitored by the district authorities, was 65.6%. The average annual amount of collected reused goods per reuse facility in 2019 differs according to its type: charity shops reported 135.3 tons, recycling centers collected 410 tons, and 17 tons were collected from 10,000 households by a waste clothing box operator. Through combining a citizen survey and a material flow analysis of reuse facilities, the amount of reused household waste in Seoul is estimated as 33,742 tons collected and 15,852 tons sold annually. Therefore 47% of the collected was reused and the rest were mostly moved to recycling companies. Reuse per capita per year was calculated as 1.6kg. Because ‘reuse’ or ‘preparation for reuse’ is not fully covered in official waste statistics, the estimated result of this study adds up household waste generation by 0.4%, which contributed to the increase of recycling rate by 0.1%p. The quantification of reuse is essential to achieve Seoul’s policy goals to become a circular city. So three basic conditions are recommended : 1) to single out the amount of ‘preparation for reuse’ excluding customer-to-customer (C2C) transactions; 2) to figure out the exact amount of reused goods sold and; 3) to establish a data collection and monitoring system covering the amount of collected and traded goods in reuse facilities managed or monitored by the district authorities.

2년간 혈액투석막 재사용의 임상경험

조현경 關東大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 2003 關東醫大學術誌 Vol.7 No.1

Hemodialyzer reuse has been widely used in the United States, but it is not a common practice in Korea. In our institution, we have reprocessed high flux hemodialyzers since March 2000. Patient survival was calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis (n=68). Kt/Vurea on the first, 3rd, 9th and 15th reuses(n=52). We used high-flux synthetic membrane (polyester-polymer alloy, FLX-l5GW, Nikkiso, Japan : 1.5m2) for reuse. Dialyzers were reprocessed by an automated machine using Renalin (Renatron: Renal system, Minntech, USA). Cumulative survival rates during reuse at 6 month, 1 year, 2 year were 98.4%,96.6% and 87.8%, respectively (1-year survival rate on single use : 95.2%). Kt/Vurea was not different statistically with the increasing number of reuse (first : 3rd reuse 9th reuse 15th reuse= 1.27 ± 0.3 : 1.30 ± 0.5 : 1.31 ± 0.3 1.32 ± 0.3,p =NS) and with single use and reuse(1.31 ± 0.3 vs 1.29 ± 0.3, p = NS). Mean average number of reuse was 16.6 ± 3.8 time. In conclusion, comparable survival rate can be achieved upto 2 year with hemodialyzer reuse and Kt/Vurea with high flux synthetic membrane was not decreased until 15 reuses.

달성산업단지 폐수재이용 사업의 가치분석을 통한 재이용사업활성화 방안 연구

차재규,김희철,김기호 재단법인 대구경북연구원 2014 대구경북연구 Vol.13 No.1

We analyzed the environmental and economic value of the project for the reuse of treated wastewater in Dalseong Industrial Complex in an effort to promote industrial wastewater reuse. The results of environmental valuation showed that wastewater reuse reduces not only greenhouse gases generated during the production of water for industrial use, but also the contaminants into water. In addition, the economic benefits of the project amount to 2.4 billion won by reducing the costs to suppliers and demanders, maintenance costs of intake facilities, the supply of public water as well as pollutants. Therefore, it is important to carry out this project continuously as a key policy of the government by establishing a law or scheme to support the reuse of industrial wastewater. Water reuse has been promoted from the perspective of circulating waste resources as well as securing water resources with a help of pan-governmental cooperation. In this regard, industrial wastewater reuse is also important from economic, political and environmental point of view and thus there needs to be more supports from the government through various policies. 본 연구는 산업폐수 재이용사업의 활성화방안을 모색하기 위해 달성산업단지 폐수재이용사업의 환경·경제적 가치를 분석하였다. 달성산업단지 폐수재이용사업은 하천에 직접적으로 영향을 주는 오염부하량을 감소시킬 뿐만 아니라 공업용수 생산과정에서 발생하는 온실가스를 저감할 수 있음을 환경적가치분석을 통하여 확인하였다. 또한, 공급처와 수요처의 생산원가 절감, 취수시설 유지관리비 절감, 공공용수 공급, 오염물질 절감 등 연간 24억 원 정도의 경제적인 이익이 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 향후 산업폐수재이용사업은관련지원법의 제정 및정부의 지원정책수립등을통해 국가 주요정책일환으로 지속적으로 추진 될필요가 있을 것으로 판단된다. 물재이용은 범정부적차원에서 수자원확보와폐자원 에너지순환 측면에서적극적으로추진하고 있는 정책이며 이를 반영한 산업폐수 재이용사업은지역의경제적·정책적·환경적관점에서반드시시행되어야할공공재성격의환경사업으로써다양한 정책지원을 통해 활성화되어야 할 것이다.

고유량 고효율 혈액투석막 재사용의 임상경험

조현경,김승정,임병국,정혁준,최영일,마경애,신규태,김흥수,김도헌 대한신장학회 2001 대한신장학회잡지 Vol.20 No.3

사례기반의 재사용 시스템에서 소프트웨어 라이브러리의 자동구축 방안

성백균 충주대 산업과학기술연구소 1997 産業科學論文集 Vol.5 No.-

Although software reuse presents clear advantages for programmer productivity and code reliability, it is not practiced enough. One of the reasons for the only moderate success of reuse is the lack of software libraries. This paper describes a technology for automatically assembling large software libraries. First, After briefly overviewing case-based reasons and technical approaches to software reuse, We propose the representation method which can effectively reuse software components implemented by C^(++) language in Case-Based Reasoning Model for software Reuse. We represent reusable software components in terms of its implementation information, object information, and case bases. We then propose a case based approach for automatically Constructing software library in a CBR model for software reuse. Our system can reuse efficiently software components compared with other reuse systems, and it is much less expensive to build SW libraries than other approaches.

$Smartpeg^{TM}$의 고압멸균소독 및 재사용이 임플랜트 안정성 지수(ISQ) 측정에 미치는 영향

강인호,김명주,임영준,김창회,Kang, In-Ho,Kim, Myung-Joo,Lim, Young-Jun,Kim, Chang-Whe 대한치과보철학회 2007 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.45 No.5

Statement of problem: Resonance frequency analysis is evaluated as the non-invasive and objective method for the evaluation of implant stability and has been increasingly used. It is necessary to evaluate the factors affect the ISQ measurement stability. Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of the autoclave sterilization and reuse of $Smartpeg^{TM}$ on ISQ measurement. Material and methods: $SmartPeg^{TM}$ (Integration Diagnostics Ltd., $G\ddot{o}teborg$, Sweden) of autoclave group (A) was autoclave sterilized 9 times and $Smartpeg^{TM}$ of reuse group (R) was reused 9 times. Ten $SmartPeg^{TM}s$ were allocated to each group and after each autoclave sterilization and reuse, implant stability quotient (ISQ) values were measured 3 times from the two directions a and b at a right angle. $Osstell^{TM}$ mentor (Integration Diagnostics Ltd. $G\ddot{o}teborg$, Sweden) was used and type 1 (article no. 100353) $Smartpeg^{TM}$ was selected according to $Smartpeg^{TM}$ reference list. Osstem Implant US II future (Osstem Co., Seoul, Korea) in $4.0mm{\times}11.5mm$ was embedded in the self-curing acrylic resin ($Orthojet^{(R)}$, Lang Dental, U.S.A.). Data was statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA $({\alpha}=.05)$ and scheffe test was done where a significant difference exist. Correlation test was also done between ISQ value and the number of autoclave sterilization or reuse. Results: 1. In autoclave group, the means and sd. of ISQ value before autoclave sterilization were $84.97{\pm}0.41,\;84.93{\pm}0.74$ at direction a and b. There was significant differences between autoclave groups at direction a and b (P=.000). 2. In reuse group, the means and sd. of ISQ value before reuse were $85.40{\pm}0.62,\;85.50{\pm}0.57$ at direction a and b. There was no significant difference between reuse groups at direction a and b (P>.05). 3. There was a weak positive correlation between the number of reuse and ISQ value at direction a and b (${\gamma}=.207$ and .246, P<.01). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the following conclusions were drawn. Till ninth reuse of $Smartpeg^{TM}$, the ISQ measurement stability did not be affected. After twice autoclave sterilization of $Smartpeg^{TM}$ the ISQ measurement stability was affected.

부산 영도 봉래 창고군의 창조적 재활용을 위한 근대 역사문화 경관색채 계획

주희진(Ju HeeJin),박연선(Park YunSun) 한국색채학회 2011 한국색채학회 논문집 Vol.25 No.4

창조적 재활용은 인위적인 것이 아닌 그 지역의 자산과 함께 발굴, 활용하여 특화된 환경을 조성해 나가는 과정이며 본 연구에서는 근대산업유산을 물리적, 기능적, 경관적인 요소로 재활용하는 개념으로 접근한다. 근대산업유산의 창조적 재활용이 도시적 측면에서는 원도심의 경관 형성, 지역의 아이덴티티를 고려하는 컨텐츠의 요소로, 역사 문화적 측면에서는 배경과 특수성을 고려한 복합 문화 공간 재활용의 방법적 수단으로 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이러한 측면에서 조건과 상황, 방식에 따라 그 범위가 다양하며 지역의 원도시와 신도시간의 통합적인 균형을 이루기 위해 구체적인 대상에 대한 재활용 유형의 분석과 가치 평가에 있어서 논리적 근거가 필요하였다. 본 연구에서는 역사?문화적 측면에서 그 유형의 범위를 근대 산업의 기초가 되고 재활용면에서 효과가 높은 창고군의 가치 평가 기준을 색채의 조화 요소로 분석하여 시각적으로 지역 이미지 창출과 아이덴티티를 강화하는, 향후 지역 자산을 연계한 창조적 재활용의 근대 역사문화 경관 이미지 개선의 토대를 마련하고자 하였다. 1단계에서의 소재성, 관계성, 연속성에 의한 정량적 데이터와 2단계에서 NCS 색체계를 통해 분석된 색채 개선 범위에 상징성, 기능성, 경관성의 근대 역사문화 경관 색채 평가 기준 조화요소를 적용하였다. 그리고 지역의 연계 자산에서 나타나는 색채 분포 범위를 고려하여 영도 봉래 창고군의 창조적 재활용을 위한 색채가이드라인을 제시하고 대상지의 색채 계획을 하였다. 2단계의 본 연구는 하코다테 가네모리 창고군의 외벽의 주조색이 YR계열의 근대 시기의 상징물인 적벽돌로 대부분 나타났고 국내 대상지도 지금은 훼손되거나 철거되어 있으나 적벽돌조였다는 근거를 확보할 수 있다는데 의의가 있었다. Creative reuse is not artificial modification but the process of creating specialized environments with discovering and utilizing the remaining regional assets. And in this study the modern industrial heritage will be approached to a concept of reuse as physical, functional, and environmental elements. Creative reuse of modern industrial heritage is actively being reviewed as contents elements containing existing downtown landscape and its regional identity in the urban aspect, and as a means for reuse to be an multiplex cultural facility containing backgrounds and characteristics in the historic-cultural aspect. In these aspects, the scope for creative reuse of modern industrial heritage varies by conditions, situations, and ways. So it needs reusing types analysis and logical basis of value assessment on targeted sites to have integrated regional balances between old town and new one. In this study, the scope of reusing types is discussed in the historic-cultural aspect, and the study target is the warehouse facilities which were a part of modern industry basis and is very effective in terms of reuse. Value assessment criteria of the warehouse facilities will be analyzed in color-coordinating elements and methods of creative reuse to create city image and enhance it visually will be shown in this study. On the first step of the study, color improvement range analyzed by quantitative data and NCS based on material, relationship, and continuity and coordinating elements of modern historic-cultural landscape color evaluation criteria in terms of symbol, function, and landscape are applied. Color guideline for creative reuse at Youngdo Bongrae warehouse facilities is proposed including regional associated assets, and also the color planning at the site is shown on this study. On the second step of the study, main color ranges on the exterior walls at Kanemori Red Brick Warehouse facility in Hakodate are YR shades on redbricks which were the symbol on modern times. And it is significant to find the basis of the redbrick buildings at the local targeted site, in spite of damaged or demolished ones. This study would like to lay out the foundation for creative reuse of modern historic-cultural landscape improvement with associated regional assets in the future.

성별에 따른 모바일 간편결제 서비스 만족도와 재사용의도에영향을 미치는 서비스속성 연구: 중국 사용자 중심으로

김해진,시이리,이동철 한국인터넷전자상거래학회 2018 인터넷전자상거래연구 Vol.18 No.6

This paper is a study of the easy mobile payment service quality influence on satisfaction and intention to reuse that attracts lots of users in the rapidly growing Chinese e-commerce payment system. In addition, we examined gender differences on satisfaction and intention to reuse. As a result, service quality factors of mobile payment such as ease of use, perceived safety, both profitability and innovation have had a positive effect (+) on Satisfaction and intention to reuse. In addition, different effect on Satisfaction and intention to reuse according to gender. It is the limitations of this study that this paper only has specimens consisting of more than 80% of 20s~30s young students and salesmen, so lacks representative nature of the specimens. Nevertheless, this study will be the basis for additional research to search the intent of re-users in China as well as around the world as the number of simple payment service users with smart phones surges in the world. This paper is a study of the easy mobile payment service quality influence on satisfaction and intention to reuse that attracts lots of users in the rapidly growing Chinese e-commerce payment system. In addition, we examined gender differences on stisfaction and intention to reuse. As a result, service quality factors of mobile payment such as ease of use, perceived safety, both profitability and innovation have had a positive effect (+) on Satisfaction and intention to reuse. In addition, different effect on Satisfaction and intention to reuse according to gender. It is the limitations of this study that this paper only has specimens consisting of more than 80% of 20s~30s young students and salesmen, so lacks representative nature of the specimens. Nevertheless, this study will be the basis for additional research to search the intent of re-users in China as well as around the world as the number of simple payment service users with smart phones surges in the world.

혁신확산이론 기반 공항 바이오 인증 사용의도에 관한 연구* - 불안의 조절효과 -

김미영 한국항공경영학회 2023 한국항공경영학회지 Vol.21 No.2

It is expected that air travel customers and air traffic volume will increase to a higher level in 2030. The aviation industry exhibits the objectives to not only improve the congested situation of airports due to increased aviation demand but also enhance the convenience of airport customers through the smart operation of airports using advanced technologies in keeping pace with the tendency of this era. The use of cutting-edge technology is very important in all industries, including aviation, and in particular, all boarding procedures are simplified at airports through the registration of bio-information (palm, fingerprint). In order to enhance both passenger convenience and aviation security for sustainable airport operations and to successfully implement technologies such as biometrics, it is very important to identify the intention of passengers to use these technologies as well as to operate the relevant systems. In that regard, this study intends to elucidate the impacts of the benefits and security perceived by passengers who have experience using the bio-authentication system of the airports within the country on their attitudes and intentions to reuse. In addition, this study also aims to contribute to highlighting the differentiation from previous studies by further investigating the moderating impacts of anxiety about the use of technology that registers individual biometric information between attitude and intention to reuse. To this end, this study conducted an online survey with users of bio-authentication systems from January 20 to January 31, 2023, and a total of 338 copies were collected. The results of the analysis revealed that the three sub-factors of perceived benefits (relative advantage, compatibility, and trialability) had a positive impact on attitude and the attitude had a positive impact on intention to reuse. Additionally, as a result of analyzing the moderating role of anxiety between perceived benefits and attitudes and intentions to reuse, anxiety played a moderating role only in the relationship between attitudes and intentions to reuse. Additionally, as a result of analyzing the moderating role of anxiety between perceived benefits, attitudes and intentions to reuse, anxiety played a moderating role only in the relationship between attitudes and intentions to reuse. Among the moderating effects, an oppositional effect occurred, and these results can be interpreted that the stronger the anxiety, the smaller the influence of attitude on intention to reuse, and the weaker the weaker anxiety, the greater the effect of attitude on intention to reuse. These results suggest that measures to increase the intention of passengers to continuously use the bio-authentication system should be sought. In addition, it is important to recognize that the safety of using the bio-authentication system has a positive effect on passengers' attitudes, and measures to reduce anxiety about the use of bio-authentication system technology should be sought. In future studies, additional research on the implementation of biometric technology throughout the airport should be conducted in order to contribute to more sustainable airport operation by maximizing the efficiency of airport operation and aviation security. 2030년에는 항공여행과 항공교통이 더 높은 수준으로 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 항공산업은 이러한 시대의 흐름에 맞춰 첨단기술을 이용한 스마트 공항 운영으로 항공수요 증가에 따른 공항혼잡도 개선 및 운영, 공항이용객의 편의 증진을 목표로 하고 있다. 첨단기술의 사용은 항공을 포함한 모든 산업에서 매우 중요하며 특히, 공항에서는 바이오 정보(손바닥, 지문) 등록을 통해 탑승수속 절차를 간소화하고 있다. 지속 가능한 공항 운영을 위해 승객 편의와 항공 보안을 모두 향상시키고 생체 인식과 같은 기술을 성공적으로 구현하기 위해서는 관련 시스템의 운영뿐만 아니라 이러한 기술을 사용하려는 승객의 사용의도를 파악하는 것도 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내 공항의 바이오 인증 시스템을 사용한 승객의 지각된 혜택과 지각된 보안이 승객의 태도와 재사용 의도에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 한다. 더불어 태도와 재사용 의도 사이에서 개인의 생체정보를 등록하는 기술 사용에 관한 불안의 조절영향을 추가로 규명하여 선행연구와의 차별성에 기여하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 2023년 1월 20일부터 1월 31일까지 바이오 인증 시스템 사용자를 대상으로 온라인 설문을 실시하였고 총 338부를 수집하였다. 분석결과 지각된 혜택의 3가지 하위요인(상대적이익, 적합성, 시험가능성)은 태도에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 태도는 재사용 의도에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 지각된 보안은 태도에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 추가적으로 지각된 혜택과 태도 및 재사용 의도 간에 불안의 조절역할을 분석한 결과 태도와 재사용 의도 간의 관계에서만 불안이 조절역할을 수행하는 것으로 나타났다. 조절효과 중 대립효과가 발생하였으며 이러한 결과는 불안이 강하면 강할수록 태도가 재사용 의도에 미치는 영향은 작아지고, 반대로 불안이 약하면 약할수록 태도가 재사용 의도에 미치는 영향은 커진다고 해석할 수 있다. 이러한 결과는 바이오 인증 시스템을 지속적으로 사용하려는 승객의 의도를 높이는 방안을 강구해야 함을 시사한다. 또한, 바이오 인증 시스템 사용의 안전함이 승객의 태도에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 사실을 중요하게 인식해야 하며 바이오 인증 시스템 기술사용에 대한 불안감을 낮출 수 있는 방안을 강구해야 할 것이다. 향후 연구에서는 공항 운영의 효율성과 항공보안을 함께 극대화하여 보다 지속가능한 공항 운영에 기여하기 위해 공항 전체에서 생체인식 기술을 구현하는 것에 대한 추가적인 연구가 수행되어야 할 것이다.

전자적 지식저장소 내의 조직메모리를 활용한 서비스 품질 향상에 관한 연구

최수정(Choi, Su-Jeong),신선진(Shin, Seon-Jin) 대한경영학회 2012 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.25 No.9