FDG 사용 시 Dose Calibrator에 따른 SUV에 미치는 영향

박영재,방성애,이승민,김상언,고길만,이경재,이인원,Park, Young-Jae,Bang, Seong-Ae,Lee, Seung-Min,Kim, Sang-Un,Ko, Gil-Man,Lee, Kyung-Jae,Lee, In-Won 대한핵의학기술학회 2010 핵의학 기술 Vol.14 No.1

방사성핵종과 방사능을 측정하는 dose calibrator의 서로 다른 두개의 기기에서 F-18 FDG을 각각 측정하고, 이 측정값에 의한 인체 내 SUV (Standard Uptake Value)에 미치는 영향은 없는지에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 이 연구에서 두개의 다른 dose calibrator는 CRC-15 Dual PET, CRC-15R을 사용하였다. 각 dose calibrator에서 F-18 FDG를 2 mL 주사기 3개에 볼륨 1 mL, 2 mL, 3 mL를 만들어 각각 초기 radio activity를 측정한 후 4시간 30분(270분)까지 30분 간격으로 radio activity를 각각 측정하고 기록한다. 초기 radio activity 값을 기준으로 방사선붕괴 공식으로 산출된 값(decay factor)과 dose calibrator로 측정된 값 간의 직선성을 단순선형을 통하여 분석하였다. CRC-15 Dual PET에서 가장 이상적인 값에 가까운 측정값을 볼륨을 기준으로 하여, CRC-15R에서 측정된 값을 최적화하기 위한 선형회귀식을 회귀분석을 통하여 구한다. 선형회귀식의 산출값을 적용하여 PET/CT 검사를 시행한 50명을 대상으로 lung, liver, region 부위에 ROI을 그려 SUV를 구한다. CRC-15 Dual PET, CRC-15R에서 측정한 radio activity와 그 값을 이용한 SUV를 paired t-test로 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는지 알아보았다. CRC-15 Dual PET과 CRC-15R에서 측정한 radio activity의 상관분석결과 1 mL의 경우 상관성을 보여주는 r값은 r=0.999이었으며, 회귀분석에 위한 선형식은 y=1.0345x+ 0.2601이었다. 2 mL의 경우 r=0.999이며, 선형회귀식은 y=1.0226x+0.1669이었다. 3 mL의 경우 r=0.999이며, 선형회귀식은 y=1.0094x+0.1577이었다. 각 세 가지 볼륨에서 얻어진 선형회귀식의 산출 값을 이용하여 구한 lung, liver, region 부위에 ROI의 SUV에서의 차이는 1 mL의 경우, lung, liver, region은 (p<0.0001)로 t-test 결과 모두 유의한 차이가 있었다. 2mL의 경우, lung (p<0.002), liver, region은 ROI의 SUV에서 유의한 차이(p<0.0001)를 보였다. 또한 3 mL의 경우, lung(p<0.044), liver, region의 유의한 차이(p<0.0001)가 있었다. F-18 FDG 검사에서 사용되는 두 개의 dose calibrator CRC-15 Dual PET, CRC-15R의 radioactivity에 대한 측정치에서는 상관관계의 차이가 없다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 이 두 값을 통해 SUV는 인체 내의 uptake 정도에 있어서는 유의한 차이를 보인다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 이 두개의 dose calibrator를 사용함에 있어서, 이 두 값이 인체 내 SUV의 차이를 고려하여 사용하여야 할 필요성이 요구된다. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to measure F-18 FDG with two different types of dose calibrator measuring radionuclide and radioactivity and investigate the effect of F-18 FDG on SUV (Standard Uptake Value) in human body. Materials and Methods: Two different dose calibrators used in this study are CRC-15 Dual PET (Capintec) and CRC-15R (Capintec). Inject 1 mL, 2 mL, 3 mL of F-18 FDG into three 2 mL syringes, respectively, and measure initial radioactivity from each dose calibrator. Then measure and record radioactivity at 30 minute interval for 270 minutes. According to the initial radioactivity, linearity between decay factor driven from radioactive decay formula and the values measured by dose calibrator have been analyzed by simple linear regression. Fine linear regression line optimizing values measured with CRC-15 through regression analysis on the basis of the volume of which the measured value is close to the most ideal one in CRC-15 Dual PET. Create ROI on lung, liver, and region part of 50 persons who has taken PET/CT test, applying values from linear regression equation, and find SUV. We have also performed paired t-test to examine statistically significant difference in the radioactivity measured with CRC-15 Dual PET, CRC-15R and its SUV. Results: Regression analysis of radioactivity measured with CRC-15 Dual PET and CRC-15R shows results as follows: in the case 1 mL, the r statistic representing correlation was 0.9999 and linear regression equation was y=1.0345x+0.2601; in 2 mL case, r=0.9999, linear regression equation y=1.0226x+0.1669; in 3 mL case, r=0.9999, linear regression equation y=1.0094x+0.1577. Based on the linear regression equation from each volume, t-test results show significant difference in SUV of ROI in lung, liver, region part in all three case. P-values in each case are as follows: in 1 mL case, lung, liver and region (p<0.0001); in 2 mL case, lung (p<0.002), liver and region (p<0.0001); in 3 mL case, lung (p<0.044), liver and region (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Radioactivity measured with CRC-15 Dual PET, CRC-15R, dose calibrator for F-18 FDG test, do not show difference correlation, while these values infer that SUV has significant differences in the aspect of uptake in human body. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the difference of SUV in human body when using these dose calibrator.

필드검사를 이용한 무도선수들의 무산소성 파워 예측의 교차타당도 검증

김의영 ( Eui Young Kim ),이성진 ( Sung Jin Lee ),이종환 ( Jong Hwan Lee ),김인재 ( In Jai Kim ) 대한무도학회 2010 대한무도학회지 Vol.12 No.1

본 연구는 무도종목 선수들에게 필요한 무산소성 파워를 예측하기 위하여 필드검사를 이용하여 무산소성 파워를 예측을 위한 회귀식을 개발하고 교차타당성도를 검증하여 무도선수들의 경기력 향상을 위한 기초자료를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 연구의 대상자는 H대와 Y대에 소속된 태권도, 합기도 전공자들로 20대 초반의 남자70명을 대상으로 하였다. 대상자 중 40명은 추정식 개발을 위한 집단, 나머지 30명은 개발된 추정식의 타당도를 검증하기 위한 집단으로 각각 분류하였다. 본 연구의 자료처리는 SPSS 12.0 Program을 이용하여 모든 자료의 평균과 표준편차를 산출하였다. peak power와 mean power 예측을 위한 회귀식 개발을 위해 stepwise 방법을 활용하여 다중회귀분석 실시하였으며, 이때 독립변인으로 나이, 신장, 체중, 근육량, 체지방량, 체지방율, 제지방량, 수직점프, 제자리 넓이뛰기, 30m달리기, 50m달리기를 사용하였고, 종속변인으로 Peak Power 와 Mean Power를 사용하였다. 또한 개발된 회귀식의 타당성을 확인하기위해 Bland & Altman plot을 이용하여 차이값의 평균과 95%신뢰구간 내에서의 오차율을 검증하였다. 타당성을 검증하기 위하여 윈게이트 검사에 의한 결과와 추정식에 의한 결과의 차이를 알아 보기위해 paired t-test를 이용하였다. 이와 같은 과정을 거처 Ppeak(W) = -1027.210 +〔17.054×제지방량(kg)〕+〔20.191×수직점프높이(cm)〕, Pmean(W) = -46.499 +〔6.861×체중(kg)〕+〔5.145×수직점프높이(cm)〕의 회귀식을 개발하였으며, 타당도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. In order to estimate anaerobic power required for martial arts players, this study used field test to develop regression equation for such estimation of anaerobic power and verify the cross-validation of said equation, so that it could provide reference materials for better performance of martial arts players. To meet the above goals, total 70 young adult men in early 20`s were selected as subjects hereof from undergraduates who majored in the martial course of Taekwondo and Hapkido in H University and Y University. Out of them, 40 subjects were classified into a group for developing equation of estimation, while other 30 subjects were classified into another group for verifying the cross-validation of said equation. In this study, all data were processed using SPSS 12.0 program to calculate mean and standard deviation. In order to develop a regression equation to estimate peak power and mean power, this study adopted stepwise approach for multiple regression analysis, where it used different independent variables such as age, height, weight, muscle mass (MM), body fat mass (BFM), percent body fat (PBF), lean body mass (LBM), vertical jump height, standing broad jump width, and 30-meter and 50-meter running records, as well as dependent variables like peak power and mean power. In addition, this study used Bland & Altman plot to calculate the mean of difference and verify error rate within 95% confidence interval, so that it could verify cross-validation of developed regression equation. And this study also used paired t-test to determine possible differences between the results of Wingate test and those of estimation equation for cross-validation. As a result, this study could develop the following regression equation: Ppeak(W) = -1027.210 + 〔17.054 × LBM(kg)〕+〔20.191 × vertical jump height (cm)〕, Pmean(W) = -46.499 +〔6.861 × weight (kg)〕+〔5.145 × vertical jump height (cm)〕. It was found that said equation had high validity.

플라스틱 금형강의 선삭 가공시 중회귀분석을 이용한 표면거칠기 예측

배명일(Myung-Il Bae),이이선(Yi-Seon Rhie) 한국기계가공학회 2013 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.12 No.4

In this study, we carried out the turning of plastic mold steel(STAVAX) with whisker reinforced ceramic tool(WA1) and analyzed ANOVA(Analysis of Variance) test. Multi-regression analysis was performed to find influential factors to surface roughness and to derive regression equation. Results are follows: From ANOVA test and confidence interval analysis of surface roughness, We found that influential factors to surface roughness was feed rate, cutting speed and depth of cut in order. From multi-regression analysis, we derived regression equation of STAVAX. it"s coefficient of determination(R<SUP>2</SUP>) was 0.945 and It means that regression equation is significant. From experimental verification, we confirmed that surface roughness was predictable by regression equation. Compared with former research, we confirmed that increase of feed rate is the main cause of the growing of surface roughness and cutting force.

국내 하천 형상을 반영한 SWAT 모형 내 하천폭 및 홍수터폭 산정 회귀식 도출

이현구,한정호,이동준,임경재,김종건 한국농공학회 2019 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.61 No.4

In this study, the channel and floodplain widths are indirectly measured for three different watersheds using satellite images to reflect the shape ofKorean channels in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. For measuring the channel and floodplain widths, multiple satellite imageswere referred to ensure the widest width of certain points. In the single channel, the widths at the multiple points were measured. Based on themeasured data, the regression equations were derived to estimate the channel and floodplain widths according to watershed areas. Applying thesedeveloped equations, this study evaluated the effect of the change of channel and floodplain widths on the SWAT simulation by comparing to themeasured streamflow data. The developed equations estimated larger channel width and smaller floodplain compared with those calculated in the currentSWAT model. As shown in the results, there was no considerable changes in the predicted streamflow using the current and developed equations. However, the flow velocity and channel depth calculated from the developed equations were smaller than those of the current equations. The differenceswere caused by the effect of different channel geometries used for calculating the hydraulic characteristics. The channel geometries also affected thewater quality simulation in channels because the hydraulic characteristics calculated by the channel geometries are directly related to the water qualitysimulation. Therefore, application of the river cross-sectional regression equation reflecting the domestic stream shape is necessary for accurate waterquantity / quality and water ecosystem simulation using hydrological model.

희귀식에 의한 잣나무 물질 생산성 추정

李道炯,黃在禹 영남대학교 자원문제연구소 2000 資源問題硏究 Vol.19 No.-

In order to find out estimating method of biomass of Pinus koraiensis stands, the authors prepared the regression equation by different positions of diameter of breast height(DBH) by using the data from stem wood, bark, branch and needle etc. and then the biomass per ha was estimated by the equation. The obtained results are as follows : 1. From the equation, biomass per ha in dry weight of over ground part of 30-year-old Pinus koraiensis in the plantation was estimated to 253.6 tons in total, 161.4 ton stem wood, 46.5 tons in branch, 18,4 ton in needle leaf and 15.1 ton in bark. 2. In branch parts, biomass per ha of live and dead branch was estimated to values of 31.4 tons and 14.9 tons, respectively, and in the needle leaf biomass by ages per ha, it was 8.3 ton in 1-year, 8.0 ton in 2-year and 1.9 ton in 3-year-old. 3. In the SLA(specific leaf area ; cm2/g) of upper half of crown, it was estimated to 43.0 in 1-year, 38.5 in 2-year and 35.3 in 3-year old, and in lower half, the values were 52.1, 46.5 and 44.0, respectively.

Quantitative Analysis by Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform and Linear Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis I -Simultaneous quantitation of ethenzamide, isopropylantipyrine, caffeine, and allylisopropylacetylurea in tablet by DRIFT and linea

Park, Man-Ki,Yoon, Hye-Ran,Kim, Kyoung-Ho,Cho, Jung-Hwan The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1988 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.11 No.2

Quantitation of ethenzamide, isopropylantipyrine and caffeine takes about 41 hrs by conventional GC method. Quantitation of allylisoprorylacetylurea takes about 40 hrs by conventional UV method. But quantitation of them takes about 6 hrs by DRIFT developing method. Each standard and sample sieved, powdered and acquired DRIFT spectrum. Out of them peak of each component was selected and ratio of each peak to standard peak was acquired, and then linear stepwise multiple regression was performed with these data and concentration. Reflectance value, Kubelka-Munk equation and Inverse-Kubelka-Munk equation were modified by us. Inverse-Kubelka-Munk equation completed the deficit of Kubelka-Munk equation. Correlation coefficients acquired by conventioanl GC and UV against DRIFT were more than 0.95.

저류함수법의 매개변수 산정식 개발

최종남,안원식,김태균,정건희 한국방재학회 2009 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.9 No.5

Storage function method which considers the non-linearity of the relationship between rainfall and runoff has been frequently used to predict runoff in a basin and a flood pattern. However, it is time-consuming to estimate appropriate parameters of every basin and rainfall event, which requires the empirical parameter equation applicable in Korea. In this study, multiple regression analysis is used to develop empirical equations to estimate parameters of Storage Function method using basin characteristics. The basin area, maximum stream length, and stream slope are considered as the basin characteristics as the result of the regression analysis. Collinearity is removed and trial-and-error method is used to choose the most descriptive parameters to the dependent variables in Han River basin which is divided into 30 subbasins. The developed equations are validated using the rainfall events in MunMak gauging station and named as 'Han River equation'. The equation could provide the useful information about Storage Function method parameter to calculate runoff from a basin and predict river stage. 한강의 홍수예경보에 자주 사용되고 있는 저류함수법은 강우-유출관계의 비선형성을 고려한 적용성이 뛰어난 모형이지만, 우리나라의 지형특성을 고려한 매개변수 산정식이 존재하지 않아 실무에서 유역별, 사상별 매개변수 추정에 많은 노력과 시간을 투자하고 있는 실정이다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 다중회귀분석을 이용하여 한강유역의 저류함수법 매개변수를 계산하기 위한 공식을 유도하여 저류함수법의 적용성을 높이고자 하였다. 상관분석을 통하여 다중회귀분석의 독립변수로는 유역의 유역면적, 하천경사, 유로연장이 사용되도록 결정되었으며, 다중공선성을 가지고 있는 독립변수들을 제거하고, 독립변수의 수를 달리하면서 한강유역 내 30개 소유역에 대해 일반화된 매개변수 산정식을 유도하였다. 제안된 회귀식은 모형의 개발에 사용되지 않은 한강유역 내 다른 지점인 문막수위표의 강우에 적용하여 그 적용성을 검증하였다. 제안된 회귀식을 한강공식이라고 명하고, 이는 한강유역 내에 홍수예경보나 유출계산에 저류함수법 적용 시 유용한 자료로 활용하고자 하였다.

연구논문 : 유량변동에 따른 탐진 A와 B유역에서의 오염물질 유출 특성

박진환 ( Jin Hwan Park ),임병진 ( Byung Jin Lim ),정재운 ( Jae Woon Jung ),김대영 ( Dae Young Kim ),오태윤 ( Tae Youn Oh ),이동진 ( Dong Jin Lee ),김갑순 ( Kap Soon Kim ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2012 환경영향평가 Vol.21 No.6

In this study, we report the runoff characteristics of pollutants for Tamjin A and B watershed in Tamjin river basin using statistical analysis, such as correlation analysis and regression equation. Flow rate and water qualtiy data collected from 2 sampling sites(Tamjin A and B watershed) during 3 years(2009~2011) were analyzed for biochemical oxygen demand(BOD), total nitorgen(TN), total phosphorus(TP) and suspended solid(SS). The results showed that strong correlations were observed between flow rate and SS in Tamjin A, while weak correlations were observed among the BOD, TN, and TP. In Tamjin B, strong correlations were observed among the flow rate, SS and T-P except BOD and TP. Meanwhile, the values of R2 for regression equations between flow rate and pollutants load were greater than 0.7. Results of these statistics indicated that there was a good agreement between flow rate and pollutants load. Also, the flow rate exponents of regression equations for BOD, TN, and TP were smaller than 1 in Tamjin A. In Tamjin B, flow rate exponents of regression equation for BOD and TP were smaller than 1. These results indicated that concentrations of BOD, TN, TP in Tamjin A and concentrations of BOD and TP were decreased as the flow rate was increased. This means that rater than nonpoint sources, point sources affect BOD, TN and TP in Tamjin A and BOD and TP in Tamjin B.

연속철근 콘크리트 궤도의 슬래브 응력 예측식 개발

조영교(Young Kyo Cho),김성민(Seong-Min Kim),이영훈(Young Hoon Lee),문수환(Soo Hwan Moon),박범근(Beom Keun Park) 한국철도학회 2017 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.05

본 연구에서는 열차하중과 환경하중을 받는 연속철근 콘크리트 궤도(CRCT) 응력예측식을 개발하였다. 3차원 CRCT 구조해석을 통한 인자별 영향 분석으로 응력예측식에 사용되는 독립변수를 결정하였고, 결정된 독립변수의 변화에 따른 수많은 경우의 구조해석을 수행하였다. 응력예측식 결정을 위하여 사용된 예측 모델은 다항식의 합, 다항식의 곱 그리고 로그형태의 모델로 총 6개의 예측 모델에 대한 분석이 수행되었으며, 구조해석을 통해 도출된 응력에 대한 다중회귀분석을 통하여 응력예측식의 결정 및 검증을 수행하였다. In this study, a stress prediction equation for continuously reinforced concrete track (CRCT) under environmental and train loads was developed. Independent variables for the equation were determined by performing sensitivity analyses of CRCT. A number of analyses were conducted by changing the values of the determined independent variables. Six stress prediction models were used to determine the stress prediction equation. The stress prediction equation was finally determined and verified by performing multiple regression analyses of the stresses obtained from the numerical analyses of CRCT.

The Sleeve-Cap Part Drafting Method of the General-Purpose Sleeve Pattern and the Verification of Compatibility Compatibility

( Kyung Hee Cho ) 한국패션비즈니스학회 2012 패션 비즈니스 Vol.16 No.3

This study devised and drew custom sleeve patterns by using a regression equation with the data from 7 models along with the sleeve that was slightly modified to make the general-purpose sleeve pattern. To devise a general-purpose sleeve pattern, the sleeve pattern was drawn as an object for comparison by applying the Bunka drafting system (sleeve pattern by the Bunka drafting system) to the basic upper garment. Actual sleeves, made by using the three types of patterns above, were created and tested by models. Next, 30 panel members participated in a sight test of the compatibility of the sleeves to examine the validity of the sleeve drafting method acquired using the regression equation. The test proved that the custom sleeve pattern and the general-purpose sleeve pattern were more suitable for the characteristics of arm structures. Thus, the new sleeve-cap part drafting method using the regression equation was shown to have validity. As a result, since a very significant correlation was obtained for the body measurement figures and the basic pattern of the adequate basic pattern of the sleeves, this study concludes that it is possible to come up with primary data that can be widely used by increasing the number of subjects.