The Waste Land와 Ulysses : 그들의 유사성과 상관성에 대하여

金鍾健 한국아메리카학회 1978 美國學論集 Vol.11 No.-

머신러닝 기법을 활용한 유황별 LOADEST 모형의 적정 회귀식 선정 연구: 낙동강 수계를 중심으로

김종건,박윤식,이서로,신용철,임경재,김기성,Kim, Jonggun,Park, Youn Shik,Lee, Seoro,Shin, Yongchul,Lim, Kyoung Jae,Kim, Ki-sung 한국농공학회 2017 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.59 No.4

This study is to determine the coefficients of regression equations and to select the optimal regression equation in the LOADEST model after classifying the whole study period into 5 flow conditions for 16 watersheds located in the Nakdonggang waterbody. The optimized coefficients of regression equations were derived using the gradient descent method as a learning method in Tensorflow which is the engine of machine-learning method. In South Korea, the variability of streamflow is relatively high, and rainfall is concentrated in summer that can significantly affect the characteristic analysis of pollutant loads. Thus, unlike the previous application of the LOADEST model (adjusting whole study period), the study period was classified into 5 flow conditions to estimate the optimized coefficients and regression equations in the LOADEST model. As shown in the results, the equation #9 which has 7 coefficients related to flow and seasonal characteristics was selected for each flow condition in the study watersheds. When compared the simulated load (SS) to observed load, the simulation showed a similar pattern to the observation for the high flow condition due to the flow parameters related to precipitation directly. On the other hand, although the simulated load showed a similar pattern to observation in several watersheds, most of study watersheds showed large differences for the low flow conditions. This is because the pollutant load during low flow conditions might be significantly affected by baseflow or point-source pollutant load. Thus, based on the results of this study, it can be found that to estimate the continuous pollutant load properly the regression equations need to be determined with proper coefficients based on various flow conditions in watersheds. Furthermore, the machine-learning method can be useful to estimate the coefficients of regression equations in the LOADEST model.

토양수분 공간분포 예측을 위한 수문연결성 기반 토양 매개변수 추정 기술

김종건,신승훈,박근형,이서로,신용철,장근창,천정화 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2022 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.34 No.3

Hydrological connectivity has been proposed and utilized as an important concept to understand surface and subsurface flow processes in watershed hydrology. This can be beneficial for characterizing soil moisture variability in complex and spatially heterogeneous landscapes. Existing hydrological models have limitations in adequately explaining subsurface characteristic patterns connected with flow path continuity in unsaturated regions. Therefore, to better understand the subsurface flow spatial distribution and to improve the soil hydraulic parameter properties in hydrological modeling (Soil and Water Assessment Tool, SWAT), the parameters were revised by applying the hydrological connection algorithm based on the physical soil and land surface properties, and the model performance was evaluated. Firstly, the correlations between the soil moisture data and weightings were calculated using soil properties (sand% and clay%), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and the topographic index which are related to the soil moisture spatial distribution characteristics. The hydrological connectivity analysis was performed according to various thresholds based on these weightings and using new spatial distribution data which combines physical properties. Subsequently, the available water content (Sol_AWC) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Sol_K) variables, which are closely related to soil moisture estimates in the SWAT model, were revised according to the connectivity index. The results of this study showed that the spatial variation of soil moisture can be explained well using the hydrological connectivity index based on the physical properties, and that the existing model performance can be improved using the corrected (spatially distributed) soil hydraulic parameters.

근대초기 소설론 연구

김종건 대구어문학회 1991 우리말 글 Vol.9 No.-

[토론문 1] 「환경변화에 따른 지역사회복지실천의 발전과 과제」 토론문

김종건 한국지역사회복지학회 2015 한국지역사회복지학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.12

문학교육에 사용되는 용어 문제

김종건 우리말글학회 2001 우리말 글 Vol.23 No.-

This study covers the start point of the modern times in Korean Literature, the concepts of modern literature and new phase literature, the time and the concepts of modern poetry, new poetry, the first free-style poem, defining problem of ancient novels according to the ready-achieved study. 1) The concepts of modern times can include progress, improvement of the reality, respect of individuals, pragmatism, and rationalism and it can represent status equality, democracy, industry-oriented society. Therefore, the start point of the modern times must go back to 1860's. 2) The modern literature has to cover rationalism and pragmatism in the texts, and represent revolutional spirit of individualism and liberal nation. And it should not cover combinational order, noble and elegant elements. Instead, it should be expressed the way the reality is. 3) On the start point and concepts, modern poetry pays attention to form of the poems in the period of Young ㆍ Jung King. And basically it has been focused that the kind of poem is different from the ready-poetry in free rhyme and modem self-consciousness. 4) The first free poem must be "태백산부" and "태백산의 사시" in 〈소년) by Choi Namsun in 1910. 5) "Classic novel(고전소설)" has a problem because it can be confusing with the "Classic" in Classicism. "Ancient novel(고대소설)" is not proper because it can mean the earlier times. "Old novel(구소설)" is not irrelevant because it is just opposite of "New Novel". Therefore, "고소설" is proper for the novels before reformative period.(Daegu University)

'교육'의 준거와 교과의 교육목적

김종건 한국교육과정학회 2003 교육과정연구 Vol.21 No.4

본 연구는 R. S. Peters의 '교육'의 준거에 비추어 교과교육 전련 문헌에 서술되어 있는 교과의 교육목적 적합성을 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 교육과정 편제상에 나타나 있는 10개 교과 중 각 영역별로 대표되는 4개 교과, 즉 국어, 수학, 외국어(영어), 음악과 교육목적의 적합성을 분석하였다. 그 결과로 국어과와 영어과의 교육목적은 기능주의적인 성격을 내포하고 있기 때문에 Peters '교육'의 인지적 준거에 비추어 볼 때 적합성이 낮은 것으로 판단되었고, 수학과와 음악과의 교육목적은 인지적 안목의 변화를 고려한 진술이므로 '교육'의 인지적 준거에 비추어 적합성이 높은 것으로 판단되었다. 따라서 교과의 교육목적은 Peters의 '교육' 준거를 만족시키는 교과가 있는 반면 만족시키지 못하는 교과가 있는 것으로 판단되어 교과별로 그 적합성 정도에 차이가 있다고 결론지었다. 그러나, 이러한 결론이 타당한 가의 여부는 전적으로 준거의 타당성과 맥락을 함께 하는 것이며, 또 다른 준거에 의해서 적합성을 분석하는 일이 있을 수 있으며 또한 있어야 한다고 생각되어진다. In terms of R. S. Peters' criteria of 'education', the study analyzed relevance of aims of subject-matters stated in the literatures of subject-matter education such as Korean Language, Mathematics, English, Music. Peters analyzed three criteria of 'education' which are logically built into the concept of it: normative, cognitive and procedural aspects. The major aims of subject-matters were summarized as follows: 1. Korean Language: Improvement of language competence 2. Mathematics: Improvement of mathematical thinking process 3. English: Development of competence in language and communication 4. Music: Development of aesthetic sensitivity The study judged that the aims of subject-matters of Korean Language and English have low relevance to Peters' criteria of 'education', because they overlook development of cognitive perspectives, due to their functional proficiency of the languages. Meanwhile, those of Mathematics and Music have high relevancy, because they emphasize development knowledge and cognitive perspectives. Accordingly, this study concludes that relevance of the aims of subjects with Peters' criteria of 'education' are varied according to subjects. The study recommended that the aims of subject-matters should be prescribed in terms of Peters' criteria of 'education' as well as characteristics of subject-matters.

學校의 敎育活動에 대한 학생들의 知覺 調査 : 人文系 高等學校를 中心으로

金種建 대구효성가톨릭대학교 사회과학연구소 1979 女性問題硏究 Vol.8 No.-

中國 初級中學 『中國歷史 』 敎科書의 隋唐史 內容과 變化

김종건 동북아역사재단 2014 東北亞歷史論叢 Vol.- No.46

I have examined the contents of and the changes in each chapter in the new history textbook used in Chinese middle schools for the Sui dynasty and the Tang dynasty. According to the results of this analysis, the textbooks continue to maintain the frame of state history. The superiority and excellence of China is always emphasized, and criticism of historical problems in China was extremely simple or minimal, or not described or mentioned. Second, Chinese historical achievements are emphasized the most. The textbook explains that the Sui and Tang dynasties ended the division and the disorder of China by forming a united empire, and many achievements made upon this foundation continue to influence not only China, but the world today. Third, it is also emphasized that the traditional cultures and practices of minority peoples were respected in the united empire of the Sui-Tang dynasty, thus consolidating integration and unity. These united empires are also described as having maintained friendly relations with Korea, India, Japan, and other neighboring states. Fourth, in the new history textbooks, effort has been made to enhance the learning effect through the rectification of contents, the presentation of complementary materials, and the reorganization of exercise questions. In particular, new types of tasks called “Activities and research” have been added to enhance the learning effect by inducing the spontaneous participation of the students, which is outstanding. Generally, the focus on the Sui dynasty and the Tang dynasty in Chinese history textbooks has changed to concise content, and tends to stress the core contents. The mood of the proud Chinese history and the orientation of the multi-ethnic people’s state history are clear. However, it is a pity that excessive attempts to understand too inclusively the outer realm of Chinese history are made, thus admitting that the textbooks are different from professional history books themselves and have a patriotic mood, for they are produced for the sake of national education. And it should be remembered that an objective approach to objective historical facts is necessary in order to earn true historical instruction. In this sense the focus of the historical contents in history textbooks should be based on objectivity. The serious disputes over history textbooks among states can be solved only in this way. This study investigates the contents of the Sui-Tang period section in the history textbook used in Chinese middle schools and analyzes the changes in recent revisions of the textbook. From this study we may see several features. First, this is a nationalistic history. It emphasizes the superiority of Chinese culture and Chinese people. Descriptions of internal problems of China are rare or excluded. The textbooks attribute all of the crises of China to foreign powers or to the feudal class in China. Second, the power of Chinese people is emphasized greatly. It is maintained without doubt that the people of China made heroic devotions in spite of the continuous national disasters to form the China of today, that the patriotic anti-foreign movement of the people has protected China, and that the anti-feudal struggle has promoted the revolutionary development of China. Third, the effort to unify the customs and traditions of national minorities by the Sui and Tang dynasties is emphasized, and China’s friendly relationships with neighboring countries such as India, Japan, and others is strengthened, in particular. Fourth, the textbook has tried to change the contents to complement the material and to change the type of exercise questions to improve the teaching effects. Considering that the exact recognition and proper explanation of historical facts is the indispensable first step for historical awareness, a revised Chinese history textbook should be analyzed meticulously regarding its appropriateness. Moreover, the ferocious debates regarding the distortion... 본고에서는 최근 중국 초급중학교 역사교과서의 수당시대를 다루고 있는 단원들의 내용과 그 변화상을 살펴보았다. 전체적으로 다음과 같은 몇 가지 특징을 갖고 있음을 알 수 있다. 첫째, 철저하게 국가사의 틀을 유지하고 있다는 점이다. 중국적 요소의 우수성, 중국인의 탁월성을 한결같이 강조하고 있다. 중국 자체의 문제점에 대한 지적은 지극히 간략하거나 아예 배제되고 있다. 중국 사회 자체의 문제점에 대해서는 서술을 하지 않거나 최소한의 언급으로 대신하고 있다. 둘째, 중국인들의 역사적 성취를 최대한 강조하고 있다. 수당왕조가 통일제국을 형성함으로써 분열과 혼란을 종식시켰고, 이를 바탕으로 남겨진 뛰어난 업적들이 오늘날 중국 뿐만 아니라 세계적으로 영향을 이어가고 있다는 기조를 유지하고 있다. 셋째, 수당 통일왕조는 제국내에 편입된 소수민족들의 풍속과 전통에 대해서도 존중하여 통합과 통일이 강화되었음을 강조하고 있으며, 특히 우리나라, 인도, 일본 등 이웃 나라들과도 우호적 관계를 견지하였음을 강조하고 있다. 넷째, 새 교과서에서는 내용상의 수정과 게시자료의 정리 보완은 물론 연습문제의 개편을 통해 학습효과를 제고하려고 노력한 흔적이 나타나고 있다. 특히 <활동과 탐구>라는 새로운 유형의 과제를 제시하여 학생들의 자발적 참여에 의한 학습효과 제고를 지향하는 노력이 돋보인다. 전체적으로 중국 역사 교과서에서의 수당시대사 서술은 최근 그 내용이 간추려지고 핵심적인 내용을 집중 강조하는 경향으로 바뀌었다. 그러면서 자랑스러운 중국사, 통일적다민족적 국가사를 지향하고 있음이 두드러지게 보이고 있다. 부분적으로 중국사의 외연을 최대한 포괄적으로 파악하려고 하는 다분히 무리한 면모가 보인다는 사실은 아쉬운 점이다. 물론 역사 교과서는 전문 역사서와 달리 교육이라는 특수 목적을 갖고 있기에 어느 정도까지는 국수적 성격을 기반으로 애국주의적 기조를 유지할 수밖에 없다는 한계성을 갖고 있다. 그러나 올바른 역사적 교훈을 얻기 위해서는 무엇보다도 사실에 근거하여 접근하여야 한다는 점에 근거한다면 역사 교과서의 내용 서술도 기본적으로 객관성에 충실하여야 할 것이다. 그러한 노력이 충실히 동반될 때 최근 심각하게 되는 국가간 교과서 분쟁 문제에 대한 해법이 모색될 수 있을 것이다.

Whey Protein Concentrate Hydrolysate Prevents Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Rats

김종건,김형관,김세헌,임지영,황광연 한국식품영양과학회 2015 Journal of medicinal food Vol.18 No.12

Milk is known as a safe food and contains easily absorbable minerals and proteins, including whey protein, which has demonstrated antiosteoporotic effects on ovariectomized rats. This study evaluated the antiosteoporotic effect of whey protein concentrate hydrolysate (WPCH) digested with fungal protease and whey protein concentrate (WPC). Two experiments were conducted to determine (1) efficacy of WPCH and WPC and (2) dose-dependent impact of WPCH in ovariectomized rats (10 weeks old). In Experiment I, ovariectomized rats (n = 45) were allotted into three dietary treatments of 10 g/kg diet of WPC, 10 g/kg diet of WPCH, and a control diet. In Experiment II, ovariectomized rats (n = 60) were fed four different diets (0, 10, 20, and 40 g/kg of WPCH). In both experiments, sham-operated rats (n = 15) were also fed a control diet containing the same amount of amino acids and minerals as dietary treatments. After 6 weeks, dietary WPCH prevented loss of bone, physical properties, mineral density, and mineral content, and improved breaking strength of femurs, with similar effect to WPC. The bone resorption enzyme activity (tartrate resistance acid phosphatase) in tibia epiphysis decreased in response to WPCH supplementation, while bone formation enzyme activity (alkaline phosphatase) was unaffected by ovariectomy and dietary treatment. Bone properties and strength increased as the dietary WPCH level increased (10 and 20 g/kg), but there was no difference between the 20 and 40 g/kg treatment. WPCH and WPC supplementation ameliorated bone loss induced by ovariectomy in rats.