Simulation of Nitrate Leaching Under Soybean and Chinese Cabbage Cultivation in the Lysimeter Soils Using the APEX Model

Yejin Lee,Soonkun Choi,Jae E. Yang 한국토양비료학회 2020 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.53 No.4

Nitrate leaching losses from arable land can negatively impact ground water quality. Prediction of nitrate leaching with agricultural system model is helpful to manage the crop land for reduction of nitrate leaching. In this study, APEX (Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender) model was evaluated for simulating the nitrate leaching potential in agricultural land. The model for nitrate leaching prediction was calibrated and validated with the data from the lysimeter in National institute of agricultural science, Rural development administration. The nitrate-N leaching during cropping season of soybean (Jun to October) and Chinese cabbage (September to October) in lysimeter was simulated from 1986 to 2015 with the adjusted model. The measured (x) and simulated (y) total nitrate-N leaching that was accumulated during cropping period in lysimeter was significantly correlated (n = 9, y = 0.9275x, R² = 0.948). The range of total nitrate-N leaching according to soybean and Chinese cabbage cultivation was 0 - 4 ㎏ ㏊<SUP>-1</SUP> and 3.8 - 11.6 ㎏ ㏊<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. Thus, we confirmed the APEX model reflects differences in nitrate leaching potential under the different types of crop and fertilization. These results suggest that APEX model can be successfully used in estimating nitrate leaching of arable land.

The Effect of Rootzone Mix and Compaction on Nitrogen Leaching in Kentucky bluegrass

이상국,Kevin W. Frank,James R. Crum 한국잔디학회 2010 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.24 No.1

Research on nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) leaching in turfgrass indicates that in most cases leaching poses minimal risk to the environment. Although there have been many studies investigating NO3-N leaching, there has been little research to investigate the effect of compaction level and rootzone mix on nitrogen (N) leaching. The research objective is to determine the effect of compaction level and rootzone mix on nitrogen leaching. The four rootzone mixes are 76.0:24.0, 80.8:19.2, 87.0:13.0 and 93.7:6.3 % (sand: soil). The four levels of compaction energies are 1.6,3.0, 6.1, and 9.1 J cm-2. Nitrogen was applied using urea at a rate of 147 kg ha-1 split among three applications. Rootzone was packed into a polyvinylchloride pipe with a perforated bottom to facilitate drainage. Rootzone depth was 30 cm over a 5 cm gravel layer. Each column was sodded with Poa pratensis L. Hoagland solution designed for coolseason grasses, minus N, was used to ensure adequate nutrition in the rootzone. Turf grass quality and clipping yield were recorded from each tube at two-week intervals. The clippings were oven-dried at a temperature of 67oC for 24 h and weighed. At the end of the study, root dry weight was determined by washing and oven-drying samples at 67℃ for 24 h. Leachate solution was collected weekly for analysis. More than 6.1 J cm-2 of compaction energy increased possibilities of surface runoff. The compaction energy between 3.0 and 6.1 J cm-2 produced more clipping dry weight and less N leaching than 9.1 J cm-2.

초지토양에서 질산염 용탈의 예측을 위한 모델 개발 연구

류종원(Jong-won Ryoo) 상지대학교 환경과학기술연구소 1998 환경과학연구 Vol.4 No.1

  초지토양의 질산태질소 용탈량을 추정하기 위하여 토양에서 수분의 상하이동 현상을 모델링 하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 모델은 기존의 수분수지 모델에 비하여 적설에 의한 강우량 산정과 유거수를 고려한 모델이어서 근권에서의 토양수분의 용탈량을 자세하게 추정할 수 있었다. 질산태질소의 용탈량을 추정하기 위하여 토양수분의 양적 계산에 의한 용탈수의 양과 분포를 추정하기 위한 모델로 현장에 적용이 가능하였다. 근권토양수분의 수직이동의 주요 요인은 강우량, 증발산량의 계산으로 용탈수의 양의 추정이 가능하였다. 근권하부의 수분이동은 작물생육기에는 증발산, 겨울기간 동안에는 강수량이 가장 크게 영향을 미쳤다.   The aim of the study is to describe the nitrogen leaching in grassland ecosystems. A mathematical model was used for simulating a water balance. Percolation was calculated as difference of precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, and leaching as product of percolation and nitrate content of the water. A soil water flow model was developed to describe the nitrate leaching in grassland ecosystems. Several natural parameter were incorporated the model such as evapotranspiration and precipitation. The model can describe the vertical migration of soil water fairly well. The modified model tested on the experimental data, demonstrated better capability of simulating the field water balance and nitrogen leaching.

N Use Efficiency and Nitrate Leaching by Fertilization Level and Film Mulching in Sesame Cultivated Upland

Dong-Wook Lee,Ki-Do Park,Chang-Young Park,Il-Soo Son,Ui-Gum Kang,Jee-Yeon Ko,Kang-Bo Shim,Young-Son Cho,Sung-Tae Park 韓國作物學會 2007 Korean journal of crop science Vol.52 No.3

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of slow release fertilizers (SRF), crotonylidene diurea (CDU) and latex coated urea (LCU), on nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) and nitrate-N leaching in a silty clay loam soil under polyethylene film mulching (PFM) for sesame cultivation. In PFM plot, concentrations of NO3-N and NH4-N in SRF applied soils were less than that in the urea plot during the whole growing period. However, NO3-N and NH4-N in all the non-mulched plots (NM) were not significantly different. Urea-N in soil treated with SRF was higher than urea plot until 50 days after application and was comparable in all the treatments after 50 days. NO3-N concentrations in leached solution in 21 days after urea fertilization in PFM and NM were 26 mg L-1 and 83 mg L-1 , respectively. However, NO3-N in leached solution at applied CDU and LCU was less than that of urea similar to nitrate concentration in soil. NO3-N in leached solution in applied CDU and LCU in 44 days after application was about 25% lower than that urea plot and PFM, while the NO3-N concentration of CDU and LCU treatment in NM did not changed. Application of SRF increased the yield of sesame and N recovery compared to urea and there was a little difference between SRF and N levels. In conclusion, application of 80% N level with SRF increased N recovery and reduced nitrate leaching without reduction of yields compared with urea application.

N Use Efficiency and Nitrate Leaching by Fertilization Level and Film Mulching in Sesame Cultivated Upland

Lee, Dong-Wook,Park, Ki-Do,Park, Chang-Young,Son, Il-Soo,Kang, Ui-Gum,Ko, Jee-Yeon,Shim, Kang-Bo,Cho, Young-Son,Park, Sung-Tae The Korean Society of Crop Science 2007 Korean journal of crop science Vol.52 No.3

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of slow release fertilizers (SRF), crotonylidene diurea (CDU) and latex coated urea (LCU), on nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) and nitrate-N leaching in a silty clay loam soil under polyethylene film mulching (PFM) for sesame cultivation. In PFM plot, concentrations of $NO_3-N$ and $NH_4-N$ in SRF applied soils were less than that in the urea plot during the whole growing period. However, $NO_3-N$ and $NH_4-N$ in all the non-mulched plots (NM) were not significantly different. Urea-N in soil treated with SRF was higher than urea plot until 50 days after application and was comparable in all the treatments after 50 days. $NO_3-N$ concentrations in leached solution in 21 days after urea fertilization in PFM and NM were 26 mg $L^{-1}$ and 83 mg $L^{-1}$, respectively. However, $NO_3-N$ in leached solution at applied CDU and LCU was less than that of urea similar to nitrate concentration in soil. $NO_3-N$ in leached solution in applied CDU and LCU in 44 days after application was about 25% lower than that urea plot and PFM, while the $NO_3-N$ concentration of CDU and LCU treatment in NM did not changed. Application of SRF increased the yield of sesame and N recovery compared to urea and there was a little difference between SRF and N levels. In conclusion, application of 80% N level with SRF increased N recovery and reduced nitrate leaching without reduction of yields compared with urea application.

분포형 유역모델을 이용한 농촌지역 소유역의 질산성 질소 지하침출량 평가

박민혜,박선화,김현구,황종연,김태승,정현미,조홍래,이태환,구본경,박윤희 한국물환경학회 2017 한국물환경학회지 Vol.33 No.6

A distributed watershed model CAMEL (Chemicals, Agricultural Management and Erosion Losses) was applied to a small rural watershed where intensive livestock farming sites are located to estimate nitrate leaching rates from soil to groundwater. The model was calibrated against the stream flows, and T-N and NO3-N concentrations were observed at the watershed outlet for three rainfall events in 2014. The simulation results showed good agreement with the observed stream flows (R2 = 0.67~0.93), T-N concentrations (R2 = 0.40~0.58) and NO3-N concentrations (R2 = 0.43~0.65). The estimated annual nitrate leaching rate of the watershed was 33.0 kg N/ha/yr. The contributing proportions of individual activities to the total nitrate leaching rate of the watershed were estimated for livestock farming, applications of chemical fertilizer, and manure. The simulation results showed that the highest contributor to the nitrate leaching rate of the watershed was chemical fertilizer applications. The simulation period was for one year only, however, and results may vary depending on different conditions. Gathering input data over a longer period of time and monitoring data for calibration is needed. When this has been accomplished, it is expected that this model can be applied to small rural watersheds for evaluating temporal and spatial variations of nitrogen transformations and transport processes.

Originals : Influence of Sewage Sludge Application on Soil Nitrate Distribution in a Clay Soil

이상모 ( Sang Mo Lee ) 한국환경농학회 2003 한국환경농학회지 Vol.22 No.1

Nitrate contamination in the aquatic systems is the primary indicator of poor agricultural management. The influence of sewage sludge application rates (0, 10, 25, 50 and 100 dry Mg/ha) on distribution of nitrate originating from the sewage sludge in soil profiles was investigated. Soil profile monitoring of nitrate was carded out with a Lakeland clay soil in 1997. Irrespectively of the sewage sludge application rates up to 50 dry Mg/ha, the concentration of NO₃-N at the 120 cm depth was below 10 mg/kg and the difference due to the amount of sewage sludge application was negligible at this depth. There was virtually no NO₃-N below 120 cm depth and this was confirmed by a deep sampling up to 300 cm depth. Most of the nitrate remained in the surface 60 cm of the soil. Below 120 cm depth, nitrate concentration was very low because of the deniteifcation even at high sewage sludge rate of 100 dry Mg/ha. The NO₃-N concentrations in the soft fluctuated over the growing season due to plant uptake and denitrificallon. The risk of groundwater contamination by nitrate from sewage sludge application up to high rate of 100 dry Mg/ha was very low in a wheat grown clay soil with high water table (< 3 m).

Enhanced ion-exchange properties of clinoptilolite to reduce the leaching of nitrate in soil

John Kabuba 한국분석과학회 2022 분석과학 Vol.35 No.2

The leaching of nitrate from soil increases the concentration of elements, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, in water, causing eutrophication. In this study, the feasibility of using clinoptilolite as an ionexchange material to reduce nitrate leaching in soil was investigated. Soil samples were collected from three soil depths (0 − 30, 30 − 90, and 90 − 120 cm), and their sorption capacity was determined using batch experiments. The effects of contact time, initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH, and temperature on the removal of NO3 − were investigated. The results showed that an initial concentration of 25 mg L−1, a contact time of 120 min, an adsorbent dosage of 5.0 g/100 mL, a pH of 3, and a temperature of 30 oC are favorable conditions. The kinetic results corresponded well with a pseudo-second-order rate equation. Intra-particle diffusion also played a significant role in the initial stage of the adsorption process. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption process is spontaneous, random, and endothermic. The results suggest that a modification of clinoptilolite effectively reduces the leaching of nitrate in soil.

Lysimeter에 의한 강둑여과지 주변토양의 질소용탈율 산정 연구

권오억 한국위생과학회 2002 한국위생과학회지 Vol.8 No.1

강둑여과지 주변의 논과 밭토양을 각각 채운 lysimeter에서 요소를 800mgN/Kg-토양 수준으로 각각 표면시용하고, 강우강도 25mm/hr로 조절한 인공강우 실험을 행하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 용탈수량은 논과 밭 토양 모두 인공강우량에 대하여 거의 직선적으로 증가하였으며, 밭 토양이 논 토양에 비해 다소 빠르게 용탈되었다. 2. 질소비료의 비용탈량(질소용탈량/시비질소량)은 논 토양의 경우에는 공극단위유량(침투수량/전공극량)의 증가에 따라 서서히 증가하는 직선형태이었으며, 밭 토양은 논 토양보다 기울기가 튼 직선 형태를 보였다. 3. 논과 밭 토양별 NH_4^+- 용탈율은 논 토양(36%)이 밭 토양(24%) 보다 높았으며, NO_3^--N의 용탈율은 밭 토양(28%)이 논 토양(12%) 보다 높게 나타났다. 4. 용탈실험후 논 토양의 잔존된 NO_3^--N 농도는 토양 깊이에 따라 차이가 거의 없었으나, 밭 토양에서는 하층으로 갈수록 NO_3^--N 농도가 대체로 증가하였으며, 그 수치도 논 토양에 비해 높게 나타났다. Application of N fertilizers to soil may cause leaching of NO_3^--N resulting in contamination of groundwater. Nitrogen balance was measured in lysimeter experiments to clarify nitrate leaching in paddy and upland soils of bank filtration sites. The amount of leaching water in both soils was increased in proportion to precipitation, and was more rapid leaching from the upland soil than from the paddy soil. It was found from the hydrograph that fertilizer nitrogen started to leach in the small-pore volume(amount of leaching water/whole pore space) in both the paddy and upland soils. Also, the slope of hydrograph was greater in the upland soil than in the paddy soil. When considering the total N leached, NH_4^+-N was the dominant form in the paddy soil, whereas in the upland soil, the dominant form was NO_3^--N. After leaching experiments, the concentration of remaining NO_3^--N in the paddy soils was very little difference with soil depth, but increased slightly in the upland soils.

마분 퇴비 시용 수준이 이탈리안 라이그라스 생산성과 용탈수 성분에 미치는 영향

유지현,박남건,우제훈,안희권,양병철,Yoo, Ji-Hyun,Park, Nam-Geon,Woo, Jae-Hoon,Ahn, Hee-Kwon,Yang, Byoung-Chul 한국초지조사료학회 2020 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.40 No.2

국내에서 말 사육 두수가 가장 많고 화산회토양으로 이루어져 있는 제주도에서 마분 퇴비의 시용수준이 이탈리안 라이그라스의 생산성과 수질 환경에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 본 연구를 수행하였다. 사료작물은 이탈리안 라이그라스(코윈어리)를 공시하였고 용탈수 성분 분석을 위해서 간이 Lysimeter를 제작하였다. 퇴비 시용 수준에 따라 6처리하였고, 이탈리안 라이그라스의 수량 등 생산성을 조사하였다. 용탈수는 7회 채취하여 NO₃-N, PO₄-P, Cr, Cu, Zn을 분석하였다. 마분 퇴비 시용 수준에 따른 이탈리안 라이그라스의 건물 수량은 화학비료구가 유의적으로 가장 높게 나타났고(11,965±564 kg/ha), 마분 퇴비 150%, 혼용구가 그 다음으로 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며(9,043±681 kg/ha, 8,825±611 kg/ha), 마분퇴비 100%, 50%가 그 다음으로 나타났다(4,293±804 kg/ha, 2,986±739 kg/ha)(p<0.05). 용탈수의 분석항목 중 질산태 질소(NO₃-N)의 경우 3차 분석까지는 전체적으로 증가하다가 감소하는 경향을 보였고 마지막 6, 7차 분석 시에는 검출되지 않았다(Fig. 2.). NO₃-N는 처리구 간에 유의적인 차이는 없었으나 수치적으로 마분 퇴비 150% 시용구에서 NO₃-N가 가장 많은 경향이 나타났고, 화학비료구와 혼용구는 수치적으로 마분 퇴비를 시용했을 때보다 적거나 비슷한 수준을 나타났다. NO₃-N를 제외한 나머지 PO₄-P, Cr, Cu, Zn은 전 기간 거의 검출되지 않았다. 본 연구 결과를 종합했을 때 마분 퇴비를 시용할 때는 기비로 마분 퇴비를 질소 기준 50%수준 시비하고 이듬해 봄 추비로 화학비료를 나머지 50% 수준으로 시비하면 수량이 크게 떨어지지 않으면서 수질 오염에도 상대적으로 적은 영향을 줄 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. This study was conducted to figure out the productivity of Italian ryegrass(IRG) and leaching water characteristics based on horse manure compost level in Jeju. This study was conducted for about six months. Six treatments were established : non-fertilizer(NF), chemical fertilizer 100%(CF), horse manure compost 50% and chemical fertilizer 50% combination(Combination), horse manure compost with 50% of nitrogen (50%), 100% of nitrogen(100%), 150% of nitrogen(150%). The highest amount of dry matter yield of IRG was revealed in CF(11,965±564 kg/ha), and both 150% and Combination were second(p<0.05). Nitrate leaching tended to increase until the third analysis and then decreased. There were not significantly differences among mean nitrate concentrations. The findings of the study suggest that horse manure compost with 50% of nitrogen be applied for IRG as basal fertilization and then 50% of chemical fertilizer be applied as top fertilization.