Utilization analysis methodology for fleet telematics of heavy earthwork equipment

Lee, Seung Soo,Park, Sang-il,Seo, Jongwon Elsevier 2018 AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION - Vol.92 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Fleet telematics aims to comprehensively control equipment groups through location tracking, maintenance control, and productivity monitoring of individual equipment based on real-time location and status transmitted to fleet control center from the equipment. Logistics industry, automobile industry, as well as transportation (land, sea, and air) industry are actively applying fleet telematics in order to efficiently and safely operate multiple groups of equipment. Earthwork, a basic operation for any type of construction, depends heavily on equipment. The productivity and safety of earthwork equipment are decided by effective management of the equipment. Therefore, fleet telematics can also improve the earthwork operation as well. The goal of this research is to develop a GPS only-based fleet telematics system for heavy earthwork equipment which can analyze time log information of each equipment using GPS location data without utilizing any other on-board sensors and CAN bus data. The earthwork site (loading and dumping area) and moving route, hazardous areas of the project are all visualized on a map via geo-fencing technology considering the characteristics of earthwork operation. Lastly, algorithms to analyze the utilization time of earthwork equipment using GPS location information are designed and their reliability are verified through field tests.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The fleet telematics system for construction heavy equipment is created with Web-GIS technology. </LI> <LI> A mobile navigator application is developed for real time connection with the fleet telematics system to exchange information. </LI> <LI> The algorithms to analyze the utilization time of each equipment using only GPS location information is designed. </LI> <LI> The reliability of utilization analysis algorithm in fleet telematics system is verified through field tests. </LI> </UL> </P>

항해장비 표준화모드 지침 개발을 위한 사용자 선호도 조사에 관한 연구

안영중,전계정,정재훈,강남선 한국항해항만학회 2018 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.42 No.6

Navigational equipment standardization mode is a function which is used to standardize key functions, screen display and operation method of major navigation equipment. This is aimed towards to quickly and accurately checking information relevant for safe navigation. Currently, the International Maritime Organization is working on the development of guidelines for the application of navigational equipment in the standardized mode to the task of NCSR Sub-Committee. This study was conducted to investigate users’ opinions and preferences in the application of standardization modes and to reflect them in the development of guidelines. In addition, the test program was designed to investigate user preferences for ECDIS among the navigational equipment, such as the types of information and functions that are necessary or preferentially required to perform navigational duties, and the screen configuration. In the study, 333 preference surveys were conducted in 35 countries using a web - based test program. ECDIS users confirmed the content and screen layout of their preferred ECDIS information when conducting navigation duty. The results of the study are significant as they contribute to the development of effective guidelines by presenting user requirements to be considered in the standardization mode.te to the development of effective guidelines by presenting user requirements to be considered in the standardization mode. 항해장비 표준화 모드는 안전항해에 필요한 정보들을 신속 정확하게 확인하기 위하여 주요 항해장비의 핵심기능과 화면표시, 작동법등을 표준화하는 기능이다. 국제해사기구는 표준화 모드의 항해장비 적용을 위한 지침 개발을 항해통신수색구조위원회의 과업으로 배정하여 진행 중에 있다. 본 연구는 표준화 모드 적용에 대한 실제 사용자들의 의견과 선호도를 조사하여 지침 개발에 반영하기 위해 수행되었다. 항해장비 중 ECDIS를 대상으로, 항해 업무를 수행하기 위해 필수적 또는 우선적으로 요구되는 정보 및 기능의 종류, 화면 구성, 메뉴트리의 사용자 선호도 조사를 위한 테스트 프로그램을 구성하였다. 웹 기반의 테스트 프로그램을 통해 35개국 333명의 선호도 조사를 실시하였으며, ECDIS 사용자들이 항해당직 수행 시 선호하는 다양한 ECDIS 정보의 내용과 화면배치들을 확인하였다. 연구의 결과는 표준화 모드에 고려할 사용자 요구 사항을 제시하여, 실효성 있는 지침 개발에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

S-Mode 가이드라인 개발을 위한 ECDIS 사용자 요구사항 분석

정민(Min Jung),채병근(Byeong Geun Chae),안영중(Young Joong Ahn) 한국항해항만학회 2016 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.40 No.3

S-Mode is a concept involving a standardized navigation display with accompanying standardized functionality and interfaces for navigational equipment. It was proposed by the International Federation of Shipmasters' Associations at IMO NAV 54th session in 2008. The IMO e-Navigation Strategy Implementation Plan(SIP) addresses, S-Mode and the IMO MSC at its 95th session in 2015 approved an output 1 to develop S-Mode guidance. In this study, it has been carried out survey of user needs for adopting S-Mode guideline on ECDIS which is core navigational equipment. It is conducted with a questionnaire survey, targeting deck officers and masters who will be the primary users of the equipment related to the e-Navigation system. In this research, users' opinion survey regarding the necessity of development, the scope of standardization, and priorities was conducted. This survey result could be contributed to development S-Mode guideline and specify the concept of S-Mode. It would be derived from standardizing component through providing elements to be considered for its development. S-Mode는 항해설비에 있어 표준화된 디스플레이, 기능 및 공통인터페이스를 사용자에게 제공하여 항해기능 사용의 친숙화를 도모함으로써 항해안전성 향상을 위한 기능이다. 2008년 국제해사기구에서 국제선장협회는 S-Mode 도입의 필요성을 제기하였고, 2015년 6월 해사안전위원회에서 승인된 e-Navigation 전략이행계획에 주요과제로서 S-Mode 가이드라인 개발을 2019년까지 완료할 것을 목표로 하고 있다. 본 연구는 S-Mode 가이드라인 개발에 대한 사용자의 기대와 요구사항을 조사하기 위해서 핵심 항해설비인 전자해도시스템의 주 사용자인 항해사를 대상으로 S-Mode의 필요성과 표준화의 범위, 개발에 고려하여야 할 우선순위 요소에 대한 설문조사를 실시하고 그 내용을 분석하였다. 연구의 결과는 e-Navigation 이행 시 선박 항해설비 전반에 적용될 S-Mode 개념 및 기능에 대한 개념을 구체화하고, 개발에 고려할세부요소들을 제시함으로써 구체적인 표준화 항목을 도출하는 것에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

항해장비의 사용성 평가를 위한 평가항목 도출

장준혁,양영훈 한국해양경찰학회 2018 한국해양경찰학회보 Vol.8 No.3

국제해사기구(IMO)에서는 사용자 중심의 운항환경 구축을 위해 HCD 가이드라인을 제안하였고, e-Navigation 에서는 사용자 중심의 운항환경을 구축하기 위해 관련 해양장비들에 대한 사용자 입장에서의 평가의 필요성을 강조하고 있다. 다양한분야에서 사용성 평가 방법들이 소개되어져 오고 있다. 본 논문에서는 항해장비의사용성 평가에 적합한 항목들을 도출하기 위하여 기존의 문헌들에서 사용되었던 사용성 평가항목들을 조사한 후, 항해 도메인에 중점을 두고 QFD를 활용하여 16개의평가항목을 도출하였다. 항해장비 개발 현장에 적용하기 위해 관련 전문가 의견을수렴하여 최종 10개의 항목을 확정하였다. 이들 10개의 평가항목에 대하여 세부항목을 도출하였다. 향후 본 논문에서 제시한 평가항목은 항해장비의 사용성을 평가하는기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. In oder to develope the ergonomic workplace, IMO proposed Human Centered Design guideline and e-navigation emphasizes the necessity usability evaluation of navigational equipment on satisfying users and meeting safety requirements. Although many evaluation methods of usability have been proposed in various fields, however still needs improvement in maritime domain. The objective of this study is to propose the evaluation item of navigational equipment. For this purpose, a method of Quality Function Deployment is used for collecting the evaluation item through the literature review. As a result, 16 usability evaluation items are obtained. In addition, 10 detailed usability evaluation items and sub-factors are derived from the questionnaires of experts such as professors, researchers, and navigation equipment developers. It is expected that the result of this study can be used as basic data for evaluating the usability of navigation equipment.

송수신 정보의 활용도 조사를 통한 AIS 장비의 개선방향에 관한 연구

정창현,최운규,박성현 한국해양경찰학회 2016 한국해양경찰학회보 Vol.6 No.2

해상에서의 충돌사고 예방을 위한 노력은 지속적으로 시행되어 왔으며, 항해장비 측면에서 대표적인 장비로서는 레이더와 선박자동식별장치(Automatic Identification System;AIS)가 이에 해당된다고 볼 수 있다. AIS 장비는 정보 송수신 및 효용성 측면에서 효과가 높아 선박에 의무적으로 탑재되고 있으며, 송수신 정보로는 정적 정보, 동적 정보, 항해관련 정보 그리고 안전관련 메시지로 구분할 수 있다. 하지만, 이러한 정보들에 대한 활용도의 우선순위 및 정보의 적정성 등에 대해서는 아직까지 조사된 것이 없는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 AIS 장비의 실제 사용자를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 AIS 송수신 정보들에 대한 활용도, 정보의 적정성 및 개선 사항을 분석 제시하였다. 그 결과 AIS 장비는 선명 파악과 상대선의 동정 및 의도 파악 등 충돌 예방을 위해 주로 활용하고 있고 그 필요성을 높게 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 횡경사각 및 안전관련 메시지 등은 활용성이 거의 없거나 확인하는데 번거롭고 신뢰성이 낮다고 느끼고 있었다. 또한 선박운항자는 다양해진 항해장비로부터 수많은 정보에 노출되어 중요 정보에 대한 판단과 올바른 선택을 위해서는 AIS 정보의 최적화가 요구된다. A continuous effort has been performed on the prevention of collision accident, the Radar and AIS(Automatic Identification System) are one of important navigational equipments for that purpose. An AIS data which composed of the static, dynamic and voyage related information and the safety related messages is highly efficient to the users to improve the safety of navigation, so the AIS is being forced to install on almost all the ships by regulations. However, there is no research about the priority and appropriateness of these AIS data. In this study, an applicability and appropriateness of AIS data was analyzed through the users survey. It was found that AIS was used to find out the identification of target ship, traffict control and information, and decision of collision risk etc. But heel angle and safety related messages etc. were rarely used and unreliable to the users. So it was suggested that AIS data should be optimized for users to make a proper judgement with plenty of informations from the many navigational equipments.

A preliminary study on usability evaluation of the navigational equipment in ship handling simulator

Jun Hyuk Jang,Seung-bin Oh,Jin Hyoung Park,Hongtae Kim 대한인간공학회 2013 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10

Objective: This study is to analyze the use of the navigational equipment usage frequency and pattern using ship simulator under certain circumstances. Background: Usability Evaluation of navigational equipment is very broad. Navigational equipment in the form of a single device is not being used in the actual sailing conditions. The entire mission system usability evaluation should be considered as an important factor rather than individual. It is possible to analyze the characteristics of sailors" attention and cognitive process using eye tracking system. Method: Ten participants took part in this study, and simulation test was performed. Target area is Pusan north port. Subjects were requested to evaluate the navigational equipment in the simulator. Results: According to the usage rate analysis, the result shows similar pattern between expert group and novice group. However, the expert group used the radar equipment frequently. Conclusion: It is possible to evaluate the navigational equipment using eye tracking. Future study will be performed using improved scenarios and the navigational equipment on the simulator usability evaluation. Application: This study will contribute to the education and training of ship handling simulator system.

자율무인잠수정의 항법성능 사전 검증을 위한 시험치구 개발

이한솔,이권수,김호성,최기환,추진우,강형주 한국로봇학회 2023 로봇학회 논문지 Vol.18 No.4

This paper describes the development of a test-equipment for the pre-verification of navigation performance in cluster-based AUVs (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle). In the development of an AUV, conducting hardware and software development sequentially is not efficient due to the limited research and development period. Therefore, in order to reduce the overall development time and achieve successful development results, it is essential to pre-validate the navigation system and navigation algorithms. Accordingly, this paper explains the test-equipment for pre-verification of navigation performance, and ultimately confirms the stability of the navigation system and the performance of the navigation algorithms through the analysis of five types of navigation sensor data stored during real-sea experiments. The results demonstrate that through the development and verification of the test-equipment, it is possible to shorten the overall development period and improvement of product quality in the process of developing multiple AUVs.

항해장비 아이콘 디자인에 관한 연구

장준혁,양영훈,배용기,채병근 대한설비관리학회 2018 대한설비관리학회지 Vol.23 No.4

Nowadays, as IT industry is being developed, many studies are in progress in the areas of user interface (UI) and user experience (UX) and interest in the icons related to these areas are rising accordingly. IT developments have also influenced the vessel sector promoting the development of navigation equipment and systems utilizing IT. However, due to complicated functions of navigation equipment and systems, concerns have been noted about the increased cognitive burden on officers, along with the need for researches on reducing such burden. This study, therefore, was conducted focusing on the design of icons that will reduce cognitive burden on officers when using a typical navigation equipment such as ECDIS(Electric Chart Display and Information System). Based on a survey conducted with experts who have rich experiences in navigation and are currently teaching ECDIS in universities, the present study identified the functions of ECDIS, for which icons should be designed. Accordingly, suitable icons for ECDIS were designed and their effects were evaluated. It is expected that the results of this study will be used as basic data for the design of icons for other navigation equipment in the future.

C-Map 내비게이션을 위한 도저 작업계획 생성

장정우,현진오,김성근 한국철도학회 2022 한국철도학회논문집 Vol.25 No.4

The construction industry faces difficulties such as a decrease in skilled workers, low productivity, and high numbers of industrial accidents. To solve these problems, efforts are being made to develop smart construction technology applying 4th industrial revolution technology. In linear earthworks such as those for railway construction, efficient equipment management has a great influence on construction productivity, and the development of a smart construction technology-based construction equipment control system is underway for effective equipment management. This study aims to develop an automatic work planning generation for construction equipment, which is an element technology of the construction equipment control system; the target equipment is limited to dozers. Based on design and construction site information, work plans are automatically generated and efficient paths for dozers are presented, and the generated work plans are transmitted to the equipment driver in real time to support efficient work. In addition, they are linked to Machine Control and Machine Guidance systems to enable smart construction.

AHP를 이용한 선교항해장비의 상대적 중요도 평가

권소현(So-Hyun Kwon),정우리(Woo-Lee Jeong),문성배(Serng-Bae Moon) 한국항해항만학회 2021 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.45 No.1

IMO는 자율운항선박을 인간의 간섭으로부터 독립하여 다양한 수준으로 운용되는 선박으로 정의하였다. 자율운항선박 안전운항지원서비스는 항계 및 협수로 내에서 안전하게 항만에 접이안하여 화물을 신속하게 적양하 할 수 있도록 육상에서 지원하는 공공 서비스 개발을 통해 자율운항선박의 안전성과 효율성을 향상시키기 위함이다. 이를 위하여 안전운항지원서비스에는 자율운항지원, 접이안 및 계류지원, 화물 적양하 및 선박입출항 지원, PSC 점검 지원, 상태모니터링 지원, 사고대응지원의 6종 서비스 개발을 포함하고 있다. 이 중 사고대응지원서비스를 위해 선교항해장비에 대한 상대적 중요도를 전문가 집단의 의사결정방법 중 하나인 AHP 방법을 사용하여 구체적이며 정량적인 방법을 통해 객관적인 판단으로 안전하고 효율적인 안전지원서비스 제공을 위한 선교항해장비를 계층화하여 상대적 중요도를 평가하였다. 자율운항선박 안전운항지원서비스 중 사고대응지원서비스를 위한 선교항해장비를 수심정보, 위치정보, 속력정보로 구분하여 설문조사를 실시하였다. AHP 적용결과, 수심정보, 위치정보, 속력정보의 순으로 중요도를 평가하였으며, 위치정보제공을 위한 장비별 상대적 중요도는 레이더, DGPS, ECDIS, 자이로 컴파스, 자동조타장치, AIS 순으로 평가하였다. 이는 항해사 장비별 활용도와 해양사고에 미치는 영향에 대한 설문조사결과와 유사함을 알 수 있었다. According to IMO, MASS is defined as a vessel operated at various levels independent of human interference. The safety navigation support service for MASS is designed to improve the safety and efficiency of MASS by developing public services on shore for ship arrivals/departures and for cargo handling. The safety navigation support service consists of a total of six types of services: autonomous operation, berthing/unberthing/mooring, cargo handling and ship arrival/departure service, PSC inspection, condition monitoring, and accident response support services. In order to support accident response service, the relative importance of a bridge navigational equipment was assessed by stratifying the navigation system to provide safe and efficient support services by objective judgment through specific and quantitative methods using AHP, one of decision-making methods used by an expert group. The survey was conducted by dividing the bridge navigational equipment into depth, location, and speed information. As a result of applying the AHP method, the importance of depth, location, and speed information was assessed. The relative importance of each equipment for providing location information was also assessed in order of Radar, DGPS, ECDIS, Gyro compass, Autopilot, and AIS. This was similar to survey results on the utilization of each operator’s preference and its impact on marine accidents.