전해회수공정 음극처리장치에서의 RE-Chloride 증류거동 분석

장준혁,김택진,박성빈,김가영,은희철,이성재,안도희 한국방사성폐기물학회 2016 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.2016 No.10

미국 불법행위법상의 기여과실 - 기여과실론으로부터 비교과실론으로의 발달 -

장준혁 한국민사법학회 2014 民事法學 Vol.66 No.-

The history of American tort laws in the last two hundred years reveals a significant change of position on the important question of how to treat the plaintiff's fault. The earlier common law rule was contributory negligence rule. Under this rule that was first pronounced in the English case, Butterfield v. Forrester, the plaintiff shall be denied any compensation if he or she was contributorily negligent. This rule soon came to be recognized as part of common law in the United States. On the other hand, however, critics pointed to the harshness and impropriety of this rule for the victim and attacked the socio-legal basis of this rule as being one-sidedly pro-industry. The initial response from courts was the coinage of the last clear chance doctrine. However, this doctrine stopped at seeking to complement the contributory negligence rule in the context of causation in law. Ultimately, many states in the United States changed their position, either through statutory legislation or change of common law, to the rule of comparative negligence, whereby the plaintiff's fault shall only diminish the amount of compensation in proportion to his or her fault. However, state laws in the United States have tended to make this change relatively late and slowly. There are still a few states that remain faithful to the traditional rule of contributory negligence. It is submitted that Korean lawyers may find a few lessons or implications that can be learned from the historical development of and doctrinal discussion on the rule on the victim's fault in the United States. First, it should be noted that common laws in the United States approach the issue of the plaintiff's fault in tort law and not as part of the general law of obligations covering both contract and tort law. Korean Civil Code stipulates on this issue in the law on the obligor's failure to perform and draws on this same provision in tort law. Korean legislator could reconsider whether this way of legislation is preferable, in view of different policy implications in contract and tort law and the virtual abondonment of art. 396 in actual cases of Korean contract law. Second, one may note that contributory negligence rule is still adopted in a few states in the United States. Among others, the modified comparative negligence rule merits special consideration in the context of possible legislative reform of Korean Civil Code. There are cases where mutuality of the parties does exist in the real world, especially in traffic accident where two cars are involved. For example, a driver of a not expensive car who is minimally negligent should be protected from having to compensate the harm inflicted to the other driver who drove an expensive car and was severely negligent. A modified comparative negligence rule will prove its value by exempting the former driver from having to answer for his or her small proportion of fault. In the meantime, the author is not necessarily supporting the 50% or 49% rule. Korean legislator might also be interested in a more moderate reform of Korean law, e.g., by denying any compensation to a party who is more than doubly (such as 67%) negligent compared to the other party. Third, Korean court practice of allocating the loss on percentage basis may find collateral support as well as further guidance on related issues such as contribution from the United States practice. Fourth, American tort laws illustrate a tendency of possibly treating intentional torts differently from negligence, and this tendency also pertains in handling the plaintiff's fault. A special treatment of intentional tort is unknown to Korean Civil Code. However, it may be worthwhile to consider a legislative or interpretive approach of possibly treating intentional tort differently, and this may also include the scope of applicability of the rule on the plaintiff's fault.

스마트기기를 이용한 협동학습이 학업 성취도와 학습태도에 미치는 영향

장준혁,박판우 한국정보교육학회 2014 정보교육학회논문지 Vol.18 No.4

오늘날 학생들의 스마트폰 보급률이 높아졌다고는 하나 대부분은 채팅, 게임용으로 사용하고 있는 현실에서 스마트기기를 이용한 학습 방법을 탐구해보고자 하는 의도로 본 연구에서는 ‘스마트기기를 이용한 웹 2.0 환경 에서의 협동학습이 학습자의 학업성취도와 자기 주도적 학습 태도에 미치는 영향’에 대해 초등학교 5학년 사회 과를 바탕으로 실험 집단은 스마트기기를 이용한 구글 드라이브의 문서 작성 기능을 활용하여 협동학습을, 통제 집단은 전통적 일제 수업을 실시하였다. 총 7주간 실험하고 그 결과를 분석한 결과 실험집단이 통제집단보다 학 업 성취도 및 학습 태도의 한 영역인 자기 주도적 학습 태도가 더 신장되었다. 이를 통해 스마트기기를 이용한 웹 2.0 환경의 협동학습이 학습자의 학업 성취와 자기 주도적 학습 태도 신장에 효과적임을 알 수 있다. To discover an up-to-date way of learning through smart devices, our research studied the impact of Web 2.0 learning environment using smart devices on learner’s academic achievement and learning attitude. We performed an experiment during 7 weeks based on elementary school 5th grade Society curriculum and the results were analyzed. Followings are the summary of results: The experimental group obtained higher academic achievement and also showed more improvements in self-directed learning attitude than the control group. Therefore, the usage of smart devices in Web 2.0 environment has positive effects on the academic achievement of students and their self-directed learning attitude within collaborate learning courses.

국제신탁법: 해석론과 입법론

장준혁 한국국제사법학회 2022 國際私法硏究 Vol.28 No.1

In private international law, a trust refers, at least principally, to a voluntarily created trust. There is no need to distinguish a trust inter vivos and a trust on death. There is no reason to differentiate a trust created by a contract. Whether a trust may only be created by a unilateral act or may also be created by a contract is a question to be left to the law applicable to trusts. Determining the law applicable to a trust is focused on clarifying its legal nature. Where a trust has a substance equivalent to a foundation, it will be good to characterize the trust as a foundation without legal personality, so as to apply Article 16/30 of the Private International Law Act. Its proviso on the change of seat needs to be bilateralized. Meanwhile, a trust without such a substance should be characterized as a sui generis legal relationship belonging to the law of obligations, so that conflict-of-laws rules applying to contracts should apply mutatis mutandis. As the objective criteria, a special weight could be laid on the principal place of the administration of a trust. It would be even better if the courts could develop a rule presuming this place to present the closest connection. As a legislative solution, the most desirable way appears to be to accede to the Hague Trusts Convention, and expand its applicability to cover trusts which is not reduced to writing and some other trust to which this Convention does not apply, as did the Swiss Act on Private International Law (IPRG) in 2006. Article 6, para. 2 of the Convention should also be narrowly interpreted. In determining the objectively applicable law, the law of the principal place of administration of a trust could often be regarded as the most closely connected law. In this way, Korea can actively participate in the internationally concerted efforts for a unified interpretation of private international law. The remaining issues can be dealt with by setting down the interpretive solution suggested above as part of the Korean Private International Law Act. If the Korean government should decide to spend more time before acceding to the Hague Trust Convention, it is recommended to create explicit provisions modeled on the Swiss IPRG, Arts. 149a, 149c and 149d. A rule presumption for the law of the principal place of administration of a trust could also be added. A second best legislative solution would be to distinguish between a trust with a substance equivalent to a foundation and one without. A new provision could provide for the application of Art. 16/30 on foundation for the former, while providing for the mutatis mutandis application of the provisions applicable to contracts, while presuming the law of the principal place of administration of a trust as the law of the closest connection. A provision on publicity could also be added. 국제사법에서 신탁은 주로 임의신탁만 가리킨다. 생전신탁과 사인적 신탁을 구별할 필요는 없다. 한국 신탁법처럼 계약만 허용할지도 신탁준거법에 맡기면 된다. 신탁의 준거법 결정에 관한 해석론은 법률관계의 성질결정에 초점이 있다. 재단․채권행위 구별설이 최선인 것 같다. 비법인재단에 준하는 실체를 갖춘 신탁관계는 제16조/제30조에 따르면서 단서를 양면규정화하면 된다. 그런 실체가 없는 신탁관계에는 계약준거법 결정에 관한 규정들을 유추적용하되, 객관적 연결은 신탁의 주된 관리지법을 유력하게 고려하는 것이 좋을 것 같다. 이 법을 객관적 최밀접관련법으로 추정하는 해석론을 발달시킬 수 있으면 더욱 좋을 것이다. 입법론적으로는 헤이그신탁협약을 비준하고, 스위스처럼 구두신탁 등과 같이 이 협약이 부적용되는 신탁에도 이 협약을 준용하는 국내법을 규정하는 것이 최선인 것 같다. 그리고 협약규정(특히 제6조 제2항)의 축소해석, 신탁의 주된 관리지법 즉 신탁의 본거지법을 객관적 최밀접관련법으로 추정하는 해석론 등으로 보완할 수 있다. 이렇게 하여 국제적으로 통일된 해석작업에 적극 참여할 수 있다. 남는 문제는 상술한 해석론을 한국 국제사법 내에 명문화하여 대응하면 된다. 헤이그신탁협약 가입을 일단 보류하는 동안에도, 스위스 국제사법 제149a조, 제149c조, 제149d조와 같이 입법하는 것이 좋을 것 같다. 이렇게 하면서도 신탁의 주된 관리지법을 최밀접관련법으로 추정하는 규정을 추가하여 입법할 수 있다. 차선책으로는 재단․채권행위 구별설에 따라 준용규정을 입법하면서, 재단의 실체가 없는 신탁에 대해서는 제26조/제46조 제2항처럼 ‘신탁의 주된 관리지’법을 최밀접관련법으로 추정하는 규정을 두는 입법방안을 생각할 수 있다. 아울러 공시에 관한 규정도 두어도 좋다.

Colloidal Spherical Quantum Wells with Near-Unity Photoluminescence Quantum Yield and Suppressed Blinking

장준혁,정병국,함동효,차국헌,배완기 한국고분자학회 2017 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.42 No.2

우리 나라 중ㆍ고령층에 대한 휴대폰 사용현황에 관한 연구

장준혁,윤훈용,이상도 대한인간공학회 2002 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.-

Due to the rapid development of information and communication technology, the ways of communication between people have been changed. According to the Korean Ministry of Information and Communication, more than half of the Korean people (about 30 million) were using mobile phone at the end of 2001, and one-third of mobile phone users would be over 40 year-old people. Due to the popularization of mobile phone, the functions, designs, and using manners of mobile phone have been varied. The size of the mobile phone becomes smaller and letters on the keypad and display are tiny. However, due to the level of accustomed on the mobile phone and aging factors, the using manners and functions during mobile phone use for the over middle-aged would be quite different with young users. The purpose of this study was to find the various using behaviors and functions during mobile phone use for the over middle-aged people. A survey was conducted. One hundred sixty four people (88 males and 76 females) over 40 year-old participated in this study. The results of this study could provide important information to understand the way of using mobile phone for the over middle-aged, and also could be used to design and market the mobile phone.

부여 송국리 유적 출토 고려시대 청동유물의 합금성분 및 제작기법에 따른 부식 특성

장준혁,정광용 대한금속·재료학회 2022 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.60 No.5

A comprehensive analysis of the corrosion characteristics of excavated bronze artifacts was conducted according to their alloy ratio and microstructure. Corroded by various factors, which resulted in different corrosion characteristics. Among these, corrosion may occur in the excavated bronze due to the difference in the alloy ratio, which is an internal factor. In this study, we tried to confirm the corrosion characteristics of the excavated bronze artifacts excavated from Songguk-ri site in Buyeo according to their alloy ratio and microstructure through a comprehensive analysis. The corrosion characteristics of the excavated bronze artifacts differed depending on the alloy ratio and microstructure, whereas bronze samples subjected to the corrosion tests were the same regardless of the alloy ratio and microstructure. Through this, the corrosion characteristics of excavated bronze artifacts can be determined based on the additional effects on pH, corrosion factors, and time in the burial environment which can affect metal ion movement, in addition to alloy ratio and microstructure. In the future, if a burial environment similar to the actual remains and a long-term corrosion test is conducted, it will be possible to confirm the corrosion mechanism as well as the corrosion characteristics of the excavated bronze artifacts.

편측성 관절가동기법이 경추 관절가동범위와 근긴장도에 미치는 영향

장준혁,한동욱,박민철 한국자료분석학회 2010 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.12 No.5

This study was performed to investigate that the application of the unilateral mobilization technique targeted to the limited side bending resulted in changes in range of motion (ROM) of cervical and muscle tone of upper trapezius and levator scapulae in asymptomatic subjects. Fourteen health subjects with unilateral limited side bending on active ROM were participated in this study. Before and after intervention, subjects were measured active ROM of cervical using the CROM (cervical range of motion) device and muscle tone of upper trapezius and levator scapulae using the Myotonometer device. Mobilization technique was applied C3-4, C4-5, C5-6 facet joints by one physical therapist. The following are results; 1) After unilateral mobilization, the rotation ROM of upper cervical was increased significantly(p<.05). In total cervical, range of side bending and rotation was increased significantly(p<.05). 2) In the case of muscle tone, it was significantly decreased tone of upper trapezius muscle under five parts pressure(p<.05). In levator scapular muscle, it was significantly decreased muscle tone under all (eight parts) pressure(p<.05). These results demonstrate that unilateral mobilization technique is helpful to decrease muscle tone of upper trapezius and levator scapulae. Also, the decrease in the muscle tone affects increases in the rotation of upper cervical, side bending and rotation of total cervical. 이 연구의 목적은 경부 통증이 없는 사람을 대상으로 외측 굴곡 범위가 제한된 쪽에 적용한 편측성 관절가동기법이 상부 승모근과 견갑거근의 근긴장도와 경추 관절가동범위에 변화를 줄 수 있는지 알아보는 것이다. 능동적으로 편측성 외측 굴곡에 제한이 있는 14명의 대상자가 이 연구에 참여하였으며, 중재 전과 후에 능동 경추 관절가동범위와 상부 승모근 및 견갑거근의 근긴장도를 측정하였다. 편측 관절가동기법은 한 명의 물리치료사가 경추 3-4, 4-5, 5-6번 후관절(facet joints)에 적용하였다. 편측성 관절가동기법을 적용한 결과 경추 관절가동범위의 경우 상부 경추의 회전범위가 증가되었으며, 또한 전체 경추의 외측 굴곡과 회전 범위 역시 증가되었다. 근긴장도의 변화를 보면, 상부 승모근의 경우 세 부분의 압력을 제외한 모든 압력 하에서 근긴장도가 감소하였으며, 견갑거근은 모든 압력 하에서 근긴장도가 감소하였다. 결과적으로 편측성 관절가동기법이 경추의 관절가동범위를 증가시키고, 상부 승모근과 견갑거근의 근긴장도를 감소시키는데 유용한 치료기술이라는 것을 알 수 있었다.

디지털 소외계층을 위한 지능형 IoT 애플리케이션의 공개 API 기반 대화형 음성 상호작용 기법

장준혁 (사)한국스마트미디어학회 2022 스마트미디어저널 Vol.11 No.10

Voice interactions are particularly effective in applications targeting the digital underprivileged who are not proficient in the use of smart devices. However, applications based on open APIs are using voice signals only for short, fragmentary input and output due to the limitations of existing touchscreen-oriented UI and API provided. In this paper, we design a conversational voice interaction model for interactions between users and intelligent mobile/IoT applications and propose a keyword detection algorithm based on the edit distance. The proposed model and scheme were implemented in an Android environment, and the edit distance-based keyword detection algorithm showed a higher recognition rate than the existing algorithm for keywords that were incorrectly recognized through speech recognition. 음성 상호작용은 스마트 기기의 활용에 능숙하지 못한 디지털 소외계층을 대상으로 하는 애플리케이션에서 특히 효과적이다. 그러나 공개 API를 기반으로 한 애플리케이션들은 기존의 터치스크린 중심의 UI와 제공되는 API의 한계로 인해 음성 신호를 짧고 단편적인 입출력에만 활용하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 사용자와 지능형 모바일/IoT 애플리케이션의 대화형 음성 상호작용 모델을 설계하고, 편집 거리(Levenshtein distance) 기반 키워드 탐지 기법을 제안한다. 제안 모델 및 기법은 안드로이드 환경에서 구현되었으며, 편집 거리 기반 키워드 탐지 기법은 음성인식을 통해 부정확하게 인식된 키워드에 대해 기존 기법보다 높은 인식률을 보였다.

산화환원처리를 이용한 Ni3Al 촉매박판재의 표면구조개질 (초)

장준혁,( Ya Xu ),천동현,( Masahiko Demura ),( Toshiyuki Hirano ) 대한금속ㆍ재료학회 2009 대한금속재료학회 학술대회 개요집 Vol.2009 No.-