A Study on the Development of the Design of Industrial Animal Biodegradation Handler for Environmentally Friendly Use

Kim, Gokmi The Institute of Internet 2021 International journal of advanced smart convergenc Vol.10 No.2

Livestock farmers are using animal carcasses to dispose of the carcasses of livestock that have died of natural causes or disease. Most of the existing livestock carcass processors are mechanical in their structure without considering the environment. It has a function of sterilizing dead bodies at high pressure after processing them and causes environmental problems such as carbon monoxide emissions. If livestock carcasses occur, livestock farmers have to purchase their own livestock carcasses or entrust them to the outside world, which is costly. For this reason, the possibility of environmental pollution, infectious diseases, and spread has been increased recently by frequent dumping of dead bodies. The carcass of livestock mixed with manure not only serves as a medium for infectious diseases but also needsto be buried on a large scale as foot-and-mouth disease and avian influenza spread. As a result, the possibility of environmental pollution, such as contamination of groundwater, is increasing, so research is needed to protect and improve the environment. We aim to improve the process of processing livestock carcasses and purify the agricultural environment through development results on the form, structure and function of eco-friendly livestock carcasses. Its shape is applied with naturalshapessuch asstones and seeds. The material used in the dead body processis a brown beggar biocouple and is applied with an eco-friendly industrial animal recycling process. As a result of the study, it is expected to improve odors and the environment, and to be used as data to improve and help the livestock industry in the future.

A Study on the Development of the Design of Industrial Animal Biodegradation Handler for Environmentally Friendly Use

Kim Gokmi 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2021 Journal of Advanced Smart Convergence Vol.10 No.2

Livestock farmers are using animal carcasses to dispose of the carcasses of livestock that have died of natural causes or disease. Most of the existing livestock carcass processors are mechanical in their structure without considering the environment. It has a function of sterilizing dead bodies at high pressure after processing them and causes environmental problems such as carbon monoxide emissions. If livestock carcasses occur, livestock farmers have to purchase their own livestock carcasses or entrust them to the outside world, which is costly. For this reason, the possibility of environmental pollution, infectious diseases, and spread has been increased recently by frequent dumping of dead bodies. The carcass of livestock mixed with manure not only serves as a medium for infectious diseases but also needs to be buried on a large scale as foot-and-mouth disease and avian influenza spread. As a result, the possibility of environmental pollution, such as contamination of groundwater, is increasing, so research is needed to protect and improve the environment. We aim to improve the process of processing livestock carcasses and purify the agricultural environment through development results on the form, structure and function of eco-friendly livestock carcasses. Its shape is applied with natural shapes such as stones and seeds. The material used in the dead body process is a brown beggar biocouple and is applied with an eco-friendly industrial animal recycling process. As a result of the study, it is expected to improve odors and the environment, and to be used as data to improve and help the livestock industry in the future.

국내 폐사가축 발생 및 처리, 재활용 실태 조사

심수민,천현식,김승수,이주환,오현윤,곽정훈,원승건,나창식 (사)한국축산환경학회 2022 한국축산시설환경학회지 Vol.24 No.3

This study conducted a status survey on livestock carcasses' occurrence and disposal by livestock species in Korea for livestock farms, slaughterhouses, and private disposal facilities. The annual amount of livestock carcass in Korea is 158,000 tons, and the mortality rate by livestock species is 2.4% for beef cattle, 4.8% for dairy cattle, 19.9% for swine, 6.7% for broilers, 4.9% for layers, and 3.8% for ducks. Most of the livestock carcasses generated are buried or composted on the farm. As the number of dead livestock is expected to increase steadily, a management system for the occurrence of livestock carcasses and storage-disposal-recycle is urgent to establish.

축산퇴비를 이용한 돼지사체 매몰처리의 pilot 규모 평가 및 악취물질 배출특성

채정석,전준민,오경철,류희욱,김신도 한국대기환경학회 2017 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.33 No.2

Contaminated livestock disposal method includes burial method using soil. But the slow rate of decay process of carcasses has caused various problems. In this study, 4 pig carcasses (80~90 kg/pig) were buried in livestock compost as a cover material to improve carcasses decaying rate. The result of experiment showed the temperature of the carcass layer remained 40℃ or higher even when the outside temperature dropped below zero. After the experiment, it was confirmed that carcasses in the compost burial was decomposed substantially than the carcasses from soil burial. The moisture content of the compost burial was 40~65%. The pH was affected by ammonia produced by decaying carcasses and the pH level was increased from pH 8.7~8.9 at the beginning of the experiment to 9.3~9.7 at the end of the experiment. The residues of typical odor components in the compost layer were decreased after volatilized and due to decaying carcasses strong odor was observed. The odor intensity evaluation by measured odor substances and olfactory evaluation showed overall favorable correlation, and among the measured odor substances the reduced sulfur compounds (RSC) were found to be dominantly contributing to malodorous substances of decaying carcasses. The above results proved rapid decay rates due to the thermal effects of livestock compost.

Survey on Geochemical Characteristics of Groundwater Around Carcass Burial Area and Agricultural Area with Livestock Facilities

Park, Sunhwa,Kim, Hyun-Gu,Lee, Min-Kyeong,Lee, Gyeong-Mi,Kim, Moon-Su,Kwon, Oh-Sang,Kim, Taeseung 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.47 No.6

In this study, chemical characteristics of groundwater around carcass burial areas and those in agricultural and livestock-farming complex areas in South Korea were monitored. Groundwater samples were collected from 166 wells around carcass burial sites and 466 wells around the agricultural areas where carcass burial sites are absent. The chemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, oxidation reduction potential, $NO_3$-N, $NH_4$-N, and $Cl^-$) in carcass burial areas and agricultural areas were similar. The $NO_3$-N concentrations exhibited minimal seasonal fluctuations below $30mg\;L^{-1}$ in most of the wells, even in the wells located close to the carcass burial sites; and $Cl^-$ concentrations also showed similar patterns. The chemical characteristics of groundwater monitored in this study indicated that groundwater was widely contaminated by agricultural activities and livestock farming, but probably not by leachates derived from nearby carcass burial sites.

Survey on Geochemical Characteristics of Groundwater Around Carcass Burial Area and Agricultural Area with Livestock Facilities

Sunhwa Park,Hyun-Gu Kim,Min-Kyeong Lee,Gyeong-Mi Lee,Moon-Su Kim,Oh-Sang Kwon,Taeseung Kim 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.47 No.6

가축매몰지에 의한 주변지역 지하수 영향여부 및 수질오염 특성을 파악하기 위하여 2011년부터 2013년까지 지속적으로 조사가 이루어진 가축매몰지로부터 100 m 이내에 위치한 이용관정과 2012년부터 조사가 진행된 가축매몰지가 없는 농축산지역의 이용관정의 수질을 현장과 실험실에서 각각 측정, 분석하였다. 가축매몰지 주변 관정과 농축산지역 이용관정의 현장수질측정 결과, pH와 EC의 조시시기별 평균값이 가축매몰지 주변지역과 농축산지역이 유사하며, 시간적 변화에 따른 변화가 크게 나타나지 않는다. 가축매몰지 및 농축산지역의 일부관정에서 환원환경을 나타내고 있지만 대부분 산화환경을 지시하고 있다. EC와 산화환원전위 역시 시간 경과와 더불어 높은 농도의 오염원 유입에 의한 영향은 보이지 않는 것으로 조사되었다. 가축매몰지 침출수 영향여부를 판단하는 주요 지시인자인 NO3-N, Cl<SUP>-</SUP> 및 NH4-N분석결과를 살펴본 결과, 가축매몰지와 축산지역의 농도가 유사하거나 축산지역의 농도가 다소 높게 조사되었다. 가축매몰지와 조사관정의 이격거리에 따른 주요 오염물질의 농도 분포 특성을 분석한 결과 이격거리와 농도 분포의 상관성은 보이지 않았다. 일부 관정에서 NO3-N, Cl<SUP>-</SUP> 및 NH4-N가 상대적으로 고농도로 검출되었으나 이들 관정과 매몰지와의 이격거리가 약 30 m 이상이며 오염물질 항목별로 검출되는 특성이 달라 매몰지 침출수와 유의한 상관성이 보이지 않는 것으로 보인다. 가축매몰지 주변 관정 중 질산성질소가 10 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> 이상 지속적으로 검출되는 관정을 대상으로 시간경과에 따른 농도변화 특성을 분석하였다. 일부 관정을 제외하고는 시간경과에 따른 의미있는 농도변화가 나타나지 않으며, Cl<SUP>-</SUP>과 NH4-N 항목별로 검출되는 특성이 다르다. NO3-N, Cl<SUP>-</SUP> 및 NH4-N 등 매몰지 침출수 영향여부를 지시하는 주요 인자를 대상으로 매몰지가 없는 농축산지역의 농도, 매몰지와 이격거리, 시기별 검출 특성을 검토한 결과, 가축매몰지의 영향보다는 관정 주변의 다른 오염원 (축산분뇨, 비료 살포 등)의 영향인 것으로 판단된다. In this study, chemical characteristics of groundwater around carcass burial areas and those in agricultural and livestock-farming complex areas in South Korea were monitored. Groundwater samples were collected from 166 wells around carcass burial sites and 466 wells around the agricultural areas where carcass burial sites are absent. The chemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, oxidation reduction potential, NO3-N, NH4-N, and Cl<SUP>-</SUP>) in carcass burial areas and agricultural areas were similar. The NO3-N concentrations exhibited minimal seasonal fluctuations below 30 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> in most of the wells, even in the wells located close to the carcass burial sites; and Cl<SUP>-</SUP> concentrations also showed similar patterns. The chemical characteristics of groundwater monitored in this study indicated that groundwater was widely contaminated by agricultural activities and livestock farming, but probably not by leachates derived from nearby carcass burial sites.

돼지 사체의 혐기적 고온 매몰퇴비화법에서의 악취발생 특성

양우영,이진영,최연주,류희욱,채정석,전준민 한국냄새환경학회 2017 실내환경 및 냄새 학회지 Vol.16 No.2

It is very important to treat infected livestock carcasses safely and quickly. In this study, the degradation characteristics and odor generation characteristics of carcasses were investigated during the treatment of swine carcasses using the anaerobic burial composting method. While the carcasses were decomposed, the temperature remained high, at 40~55°C on average, and most of the carcasses were decomposed rapidly. The major odorcontributing substances in the buried composting method are sulfuric odor substances such as H2S, CH3SH, dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), and the odor contribution of these substances is 93~99%. Among them, CH3SH, which accounts for about 56~89% of odor contribution, was the most representative indicator substance. Despite the anaerobic digestion process, the methane concentration in the digestion process was as low as 0.5~0.8% at the burial point of the carcass. The odor and methane produced during the decomposition of the carcasses decreased considerably during the discharge to the surface layer through the buried layer consisting of compost. These results suggest that anaerobic high temperature burial composting is one of the most useful methods to treat carcasses of infected livestock.

이동형 전자빔 시스템을 이용한 가축매몰지 침출수 오염 지하수 복원

김태훈,차석문,이강,김정인,유승호 (사)한국방사선산업학회 2017 방사선산업학회지 Vol.11 No.4

Leachate released from animal carcass burial sites to subsurface is potentially harmful to the environment due to a high possibility of the soil and groundwater contamination by pathogenic microorganisms and various organic and inorganic matters associated with the decay of animal carcass. The objectives of this study were to study the treatment process for the removal of solids, ammonia, and recalcitrant trace organic chemicals and to develop the integrated continuous system with pre-treatment and a mobile electron beam systems. The results showed that the sequential combination of activated carbon and zeolite was more effective to remove organic and inorganic contaminants than zeolite and activated carbon in the pretreatment system. The average removal efficiency of TOC with activated carbon column was about 77%. The removal efficiency of 80% was obtained for both NH3-N and ninhydrin-reactive nitrogen (NRN) with zeolite column system. Disinfection efficiencies for various microorganisms were over 99% after the treatment of electron beam process at absorbed dose 2 kGy. As a result, the sequential treatment system with a mobile electron beam was very effective for the remediation of groundwater contaminated with leachate from livestock carcass burial sites.

Effect of Corynebacterium glutamicum on Livestock Material Burial Treatment

( Bit-na Kim ),( Ho-seong Cho ),( Yougin Cha ),( Joon-kyu Park ),( Geonha Kim ),( Yang-hoon Kim ),( Jiho Min ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2016 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.26 No.8

In recent years, foot-and-mouth disease has occurred in all parts of the world. The animals with the disease are buried in the ground; therefore, their concentration could affect ground or groundwater. Moreover, the complete degradation of carcasses is not a certainty, and their disposal is important to prevent humans, livestock, and the environment from being affected with the disease. The treatment of Corynebacterium glutamicum is a feasible method to reduce the risk of carcass decomposition affecting humans or the environment. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of C. glutamicum on the soil environment with a carcass. The composition of amino acids in the soil treated with C. glutamicum was generally higher than those in the untreated soil. Moreover, the plant root in the soil samples treated with C. glutamicum had 84.0% amino acids relative to the standard value and was similar to that of the control. The results of this study suggest the possibility to reduce the toxicity of a grave land containing animals with this disease.

Biocidal effect of chlorine dioxide gas on livestock carcass and equipment used in slaughterhouse

Soo jin Lee,Se jin Oh,Han sung Chung,Kwang hoon Choi,Dong hoon Myeong,Kyoung ju Song,Nong hoon Choe 한국예방수의학회 2018 예방수의학회지 Vol.42 No.2

Chlorine dioxide gas is a relatively new sanitizer in the food industry and has more accessibility than its aqueous form. Depending on the generation method of ClO₂, there can be byproducts like chlorite and chlorate ions that can decrease the disinfectant efficacy and purity of ClO₂. Recently, a new technology has been developed that generates chlorine dioxide without using chlorine gas. This new electrochemical method generates gaseous chlorine dioxide from aqueous sodium chlorite (NaClO₂). Unlike earlier methods, there is reduced generation of byproducts, including chlorite and chlorate. Additionally, the purity of ClO₂ obtained by this method can be as high as 98%. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ClO₂ gas, generated by the electrochemical method, against the foodborne microorganisms occurring on slaughter equipment and livestock carcasses. Using AISI 304 stainless steel in livestock processing equipment, the disinfectant effect of chlorine dioxide gas, in presence of organic matter such as yeast extract and feces, on E. coli and S. typhimurium contamination, was examined. Both E. coli and S. typhimurium counts were reduced by more than 5 log cycles in presence of 2.5% and 5% feces. When beef, pork skin, and chicken wings were treated with chlorine dioxide gas, despite significant differences in comparison with the control group, the microbial count was reduced by less than 2 log cycles. Overall, our results confirmed the applicability of gaseous chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant in livestock processing equipment and livestock products.