Evaluation of Food Labeling Policy in Korea: Analyzing the Community Health Survey 2014–2017

조희숙,정수미 대한의학회 2019 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.34 No.32

Background: As Koreans adopt more Westernized diets, consumer demands for processed food products are growing. The Korean government implemented a food labeling system to help people reasonably choose processed foods. This study investigated the utilization of these food labels among Koreans, as well as demographic differences between users and non-users of food labels, ultimately presenting foundational data for strategies to enhance dietary lifestyles by facilitating the use of food labeling. Methods: Data from the 2014–2017 Community Health Survey were used. The Cochran- Armitage trend test was performed to investigate whether food labeling awareness and utilization increase over time; a data mining technique called decision tree analysis was then used to examine the effects of sociodemographic factors on the use of food labeling for each of the 4 years. Results: Food labeling awareness increased by 4.5% over 4 years; the Cochran–Armitage trend test showed that this increase was statistically significant (χ2 = 1,068.21; P < 0.001). Food labeling utilization increased significantly but marginally, by 0.3%, over 4 years (χ2 = 20.154; P < 0.001). Decision tree analysis showed that food labeling users comprised mainly women in their 30s–50s currently in graduate school or with a graduate degree; the non- user group comprised mainly divorced/widowed/separated people in their 70s who were elementary school grads or below. Conclusion: Education level, which could be related to health literacy, substantially affected the use of food labeling. Education level is a typical socioeconomic index, and if people who are less educated tend not to use food labeling, it can lead to health inequity. Thus, food labeling should be reformed with consideration of health literacy among the less-educated social classes. From a health communication perspective, images and pictures can boost consumers' understanding, which should be considered to improve comprehensibility of food labeling.

식품표시에 관한 외국의 입법 동향 및 시사점

이은영 한국소비자법학회 2022 소비자법연구 Vol.8 No.4

Food labeling is the only means by which consumers can obtain additional information about the product they intend to purchase. In the case of food, the importance of objective food labeling is further emphasized due to information asymmetry. The food labeling system is the most important information exchange channel that resolves information asymmetry between businesses and consumers. Accordingly, most developed countries are implementing food labeling systems for consumers’ right to know. However, since securing food safety and protecting the right to know, which the food labeling system aims for, have conflicting aspects with the protection and development of the food industry, appropriate compromise or harmonization is unavoidable in realistically enacting the food labeling system. As a result, food labeling legislations show different aspects by country and by era. In recent years, various legislative improvements have been made due to the new type of food labeling system and damage caused by it, such as the introduction of the expiration date system as well as the functional labeling system for general foods, post advertisements through SNS and back advertisements through famous influencers. The enactment and revision of the food labeling-related acts are being carried out from various angles not only in Korea but also abroad. In this regard, this article intends to examine the recent domestic and foreign legislative trends on food labeling and seek its implications. To this end, the current legislation related to food labeling will be reviewed, and the current legislation directly or indirectly related to food labeling, such as the Food Labeling and Advertising Act, which serves as the general act on food labeling and advertising, as well as the Labeling and Advertising Act and the Electronic Commerce Act, will be reviewed,(II.) trends in food labeling laws in the United States, EU, and Japan are reviewed as a comparative study to derive implications for Korea.(III.) Based on this, some legislative suggestions are presented in place of the conclusion.(IV.) 식품 표시(food labeling)는 소비자들이 구매결정을 내리려는 제품에 대한 추가적인 정보를 얻을 수 있는 유일한 수단이다. 식품의 경우 정보의 비대칭으로 말미암아 객관적인 식품표시의 중요성은 한층 더 강조된다. 식품표시제도는 기업과 소비자 간 정보의 비대칭을 해소해 주는 가장 중요한 정보 교류 채널이다. 그에 따라 대부분의 선진국에서는 소비자의 알 권리를 위한 식품표시제도(food labeling system)를 시행하고 있다. 다만 식품표시제도가 목표로 하는 식품 안전의 확보나 알 권리 보호는 식품산업의 보호 및 발전과 상충 되는 측면이 없지 않기 때문에 현실적으로 식품표시 제도를 법제화하는 데에는 적절한 절충 내지 조화가 불가피하다. 그 결과 식품표시 관련 법제는 각 국가별로, 또 시대별로 상이한 양상을 보인다. 최근 들어서는 일반식품에 대한 기능성 표시제도를 비롯하여 소비기한 제도의 도입, SNS를 통한 후기 광고나 유명 인플루언서를 통한 뒷광고 등 새로운 유형의 식품표시제도 및 그에 따른 피해발생으로 말미암아 다양한 입법적 개선이 이뤄지고 있고 이러한 식품표시 관련 법제의 제, 개정 움직임은 국내뿐 아니라 외국에서도 다각도로 진행되고 있다. 이에 이 글은 최근 식품표시에 관한 국내⋅외의 입법 동향을 살펴보고 시사점을 모색하고자 한다. 이를 위해 식품표시와 관련된 현행 법제를 개관하되, 식품표시광고에 관한 기본법의 역할을 하는 식품표시광고법 뿐 아니라 표시광고법, 전자상거래법 등 식품표시와 직⋅간접적으로 관련된 현행 법제에 대해 간단히 개관하고(Ⅱ.), 시사점을 도출하기 위한 비교법적 고찰로서 미국, 유럽연합, 일본의 식품표시 관련 법제의 동향을 살펴본다(III.). 이에 바탕하여 몇 가지 입법론적 제언을 제시하는 것으로서 결론에 갈음한다.(IV.)

경기지역 고등학생의 가공식품 구매 시 식품표시 인식 및 확인에 관한 연구

박소현(So Hyun Park),김미정(Mi Jeong Kim),장경자(Kyung Ja Chang) 계명대학교 생활과학연구소 2016 科學論集 Vol.42 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate high school students’ perception and confirmation on food labeling in purchase of processed food by gender and recognition on food labeling. The questionnaires had been collected from 495 high school students in Gyeonggi area from March 8 to 14, 2014. Data were analyzed with SPSS 19.0 program. As the results, 91.5% of the subjects recognized food labeling and more female students than male students recognized food labeling. However, 72.5% of the subjects answered that food labeling did not affect the purchase of processed food. Most of the subjects checked pack date and expiration date in food labeling when they purchased processed food, and they also considered them as the most important item to check. As for the most reason of checking food labels, there were significant differences between boys and girls; male students answered “to check if the product has harmful additives”, while female students did “to check pack date and expiration date of the product". Calorie was the most checked item and considered as the most important item to be checked among nutrition labeling. According to the result of this study, even though the recognition and necessity of food and nutrition labeling were high, only few of the subject were utilizing them in purchase of processed food. Therefore, nutrition education program is required for high school students to choose healthy processed food by utilizing food labeling.

반려동물 사료 표시제도의 법률적 쟁점과 과제

조성호,이소영 원광대학교 법학연구소 2023 의생명과학과 법 Vol.30 No.-

반려동물 및 사육가구 증가에 따라 반려동물사료 시장은 성장하고 있다. 반려동물 사육증가에 따라 반려동물 사료에 대한 소비가 늘어나고 있고, 기능성을 강조한 다양한 형태의 반려동물 사료에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 그러나 다양한 유형의 반려동물 사료가 시장에 공급되고 있지만, 반려동물 사료의 주요표시에 관한 문제가 제기되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 반려동물 사료에 관한 표시제도의 현황 및 주요 쟁점을 파악하고 개선방안을 제시하였다. 반려동물 사료에 대한 표시제도는 양축사료와 함께 「사료관리법」에서 다루어지고 있어, 반려동물 사료 소비자에게 표시제도로써 정확한 정보를 제공하는데 한계가 있다. 반려동물 사료를 구분할 수 있는 제품명 표시기준, 반려동물사료 실증 표시기준 등이 규정되어 있지 않다. 이와 함께 반려동물 사료 표시의 적절한 심의제도 및 심의기구도 마련되어 있지 않다. 반려동물 사료 산업의 성장을 위해서는 현재의 반려동물 사료 표시제도의 개정이 필요하다고 판단된다. 개정 방향은 첫째, 분류체계를 개편하는 것이다. 반려동물 사료표시는 기존의 사료분류 체계인 배합사료, 단미사료(혼합성단미사료)에서 벗어나 사료의 사용목적에 맞게 반려동물 사료표시의 분류체계를 변경할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 반려동물 사료에 대한 제품명, 제품명에 사용되는 원료의 내용에 대한 규정이 필요하다. 즉, 제품명을 의무적으로 표시하도록 하고 제품명 사용에 대한 규제가 필요하다. 셋째, 반려동물 사료 표시를 검증할 수 있는 실증기준 및 심의 자문제도가 필요하다. 효능 및 효과에 대하여 표시나 광고를 하는 사항에 대해서는 최소한의 과학적 실증자료를 기초로 이에 관한 내용 및 절차에 관한 규정이 필요하다고 판단된다. 이와 함께 전문가들로 구성된 자문위원회나 심의위원회를 운영할 필요성이 요청되고 있으므로, 이에 대한 제도 마련이 필요하다고 판단된다. Driven by the increasing number of pets and households that have pets, the pet food market is undergoing substantial growth. With the surge in pet guardianship, pet food consumption has increased, which has been accompanied by a growing interest in various functional pet food types. Despite the variety available, a notable issue exists concerning the primary labeling of pet food. This study investigates the current status and major issues within the pet food labeling system and proposes improvements. The labeling system for pet food is governed by the Control of Livestock and Fish Feed Act in conjunction with livestock feed regulations. This dual oversight presents challenges in providing precise information to pet food consumers through the labeling system. Currently, there are no established standards for differentiating pet food product names, specifying recommended feeding amounts, highlighting nutritional functions, or verifying pet food labeling. Additionally, a robust review system and review board dedicated to overseeing pet food labeling are absent. To foster the growth of the pet food industry, a revision of the current pet food labeling system is imperative. The proposed revision involves the following: First, reorganizing the classification system. The existing feed classification system of formulated feed and straight feed (mixed straight feed) should transition to a labeling classification system based on the intended purpose of the feed. Second, there is a need to regulate the contents of pet food, including product names and nutritional ingredients. Mandatory display of product names and the regulation of their use are essential components of this revision. Third, empirical standards and the establishment of a review advisory board to authenticate pet food labeling are needed. Regulations on the contents and procedures for labeling and advertising on efficacy and effectiveness should be established, grounded in a minimum scientific evidence threshold. Furthermore, there have been calls for the formation of an advisory or review committee composed of experts, which underscores the need for the establishment of a system to facilitate this.

「식품 등의 표시⋅광고에 관한 법률」의 문제점과 개선방향

이은영 전북대학교 동북아법연구소 2023 동북아법연구 Vol.17 No.1

Since securing food safety and protecting the right to know, which the food labeling system aims for, have conflicting aspects with the protection and development of the food industry, appropriate compromise or harmonization is unavoidable in realistically enacting the food labeling system. If this is not done, many problems arise, such as overlapping food labeling-related legislation within a single legal order, and sometimes conflicting legal regulations coexist. In order to solve the problems of such food labeling legislation, the Food Labeling and Advertising Act was enacted in 2018 and has been in effect since 2019. However, it is questionable whether the Food Labeling and Advertising Act properly functions as an integrated or basic law on food labeling. Because the legal status or nature of the Food Labeling and Advertising Act is unclear, the subject of application, scope, and subject of regulation are unclear, and the content and scope of the labeling obligation for the same food cannot be overlooked. In order for the Food Labeling and Advertising Act to establish itself as a real integrated law on food labeling and function effectively, the start is to reorganize the labeling-related regulations of food that are still scattered individually into the Food Labeling Advertising Act. In this regard, this article intends to point out the limitations of the food labeling-related legislation, focusing on the Food Labeling and Advertising Act, and to seek its improvement. The process and main contents of the Food Labeling Advertising Act are first outlined (II.), the problems of the current Food Labeling Advertising Act are reviewed and analyzed by system and content (III.), Based on this, several legislative suggestions are presented in place of the conclusion (IV). 식품표시 제도가 지향하는 식품 안전의 확보나 소비자의 알 권리 보호는 식품산업 발전과다소 충돌되는 면이 있기에 이를 법제화하기 위해서는 매우 정교한 검토와 조화로운 노력이필요하다. 이를 다하지 못한 경우 식품표시 관련 법제는 하나의 법질서 내에서도 중첩되고, 때로는 상충하는 법규정들이 병존하는 등 많은 문제들이 발생한다. 이러한 식품표시 법제의 문제점을 해소하기 위하여 식품표시광고법이 2018년에 제정되어2019년부터 시행되고 있다. 그런데 식품표시광고법이 식품 표시에 관한 통합법 내지 기본법으로서의 기능을 제대로 수행하고 있는지는 의문이다. 식품표시광고법의 법적 지위 내지 성격이불분명한 까닭에 그 적용대상과 적용범위, 나아가 규율주체가 불명확하며, 동일한 식품에 대한표시의무의 내용 및 범위, 또 표시의무 위반에 대한 법령 간 규율 범위와 수위의 편차라는 문제가 발생하고 있기 때문이다. 식품표시광고법이 식품표시에 대한 진정한 통합법으로서 자리매김하고 효과적으로 기능하기위해서는 현재도 개별적으로 흩어져 있는 식품 등의 표시 관련 규정들을 식품표시광고법으로집중시켜 재정비를 하는 것이 그 시작이라 할 것이다. 이 글은 식품표시광고법을 중심으로 식품표시 관련 법제의 한계를 지적하고 그 개선 방향을모색하고자 한다. 논의 순서는 먼저 식품표시광고법의 제정 경위 및 주요 내용을 개관하고(Ⅱ.), 현행 식품표시광고법의 문제점을 체계 및 내용별로 검토, 분석을 한 후(Ⅲ.), 그 한계를 극복하기위한 개선 방안으로서 몇 가지 입법론적 제언을 제시하는 것으로 갈무리 한다(Ⅳ.).

유전자변형(GMO) 표시방법 프레이밍이 소비자의 위험지각과 구매의도에 미치는 영향

김영주 ( Kim Youngju ),석관호 ( Suk Kwanho ) 한국소비자학회 2019 소비자학연구 Vol.30 No.6

본 연구는 GMO식품 표시방법이 GMO원료를 포함하는 GMO식품과 GMO원료를 사용하지 않은 일반식품 평가에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 동일한 식품이라도 GMO 표시방법에 따라 소비자에게 전달되는 원료에 대한 정보가 달라지며, 이는 소비자가 제품을 평가하는 데 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구는 식품 원료를 표시하는 데 있어서 두 가지 프레임의 영향을 검증하였다. 속성존재 프레임(presence frame)이 사용되는 경우에는 GMO식품에는 “GMO”라는 라벨이 표시되고, 일반식품에는 GMO와 관련된 정보가 제시되지 않는다. 반대로 속성부재 프레임(absence frame)이 사용되는 경우 일반식품에는 “Non-GMO”라는 표시가 사용되지만 GMO제품에는 관련 정보가 표시되지 않는다. 본 연구는 GMO표시방법이 소비자의 제품 평가에 미치는 영향에 대한 가설을 제시하고, 두 실험을 통해 이를 검증하였다. 실험 1의 결과는 동일한 GMO식품이라도 속성존재 (vs. 부재) 프레임의 경우에 지각된 위험과 구매의도가 더 부정적이라는 것을 보여주었다. 그러나 일반식품에서는 정보 표시방법의 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 실험 2에서는 개인 특성 변수인 건강관여도(health motivation)의 조절 효과를 검증하였으며, GMO정보 제시방법의 효과는 소비자의 건강관여도가 높을수록 강한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 GMO원료 표시방법이 소비자의 제품지각 및 구매의도에 미치는 영향을 검증했다는 점에서 소비자교육과 공공정책 결정에 시사점을 줄 것으로 기대된다. This research examines the effects of GMO (genetically modified organisms) food labeling on the evaluations of foods that either contain or do not contain GMO ingredients. Although there has been no conclusion about the debates on whether GMO foods are harmful to health, consumers tend to believe that GMO can potentially cause health problems. Therefore, consumers have negative attitudes towards GMO products that are perceived to be high in health risk. An important issue that is related to risk perception is how to communicate whether a food product contains GMO ingredients or not. Information about food ingredients are presented by food labels, and there are different methods to label GMO ingredients. The current research compares between two labeling methods for communicating GMO ingredients. An attribute “presence” frame presents GMO foods with “GMO” label and Non-GMO foods (that do not contain GM ingredients) without any related labels. On the other hand, an attribute “absence” frame presents Non-GMO foods with “Non-GMO” label and GMO foods without any labels. Therefore, the information that describes the same type of food differs depending on which frame is used to communicate GMO ingredients, which in turn can affect consumer evaluation of the GMO and Non-GMO foods. We test the influence of GMO labeling on perceived health risk of the food and purchase intention of the food. We expect the influence labeling on purchase intention is mediated by perceived risk. We hypothesize that purchase intentions of GMO and Non-GMO foods are affected by GMO label framing (H1), the influence of labeling on purchase intention is mediated by perceived health risk (H2), and the labeling effect is stronger for consumers with higher (vs. lower) level of health involvement (H3). H1 predicts that the influence of GMO labeling on purchase intention will differ for GMO foods and Non-GMO foods. Specifically, it is predicted that consumer evaluation of GMO foods is more negative for attribute presence frame than attribute-absence frame. Because negative product information tends to draw more consumer attention and have stronger influence on product evaluation (i.e., negativity bias), the “GMO” label of the presence-frame should decrease consumer preference for GMO foods. For Non-GMO foods, it is expected that the effects of GMO labeling on consumer evaluation is weaker than those for GMO foods. This prediction is based on the logic that the influence of positive (vs. negative) information on product perception and evaluation is weaker. In addition, because Non-GMO (vs. GMO) foods are more common, “Non-GMO” label is less diagnostic. H2 predicts that the influence of GMO labeling on purchase intention is mediated by perceived health risk of the food. H3 is about the moderating role of consumer health involvement. It is expected that the GMO labeling effect is stronger for consumer with higher (vs. lower) level of health involvement because they tend to pay more attention to and influenced more by food labels. The research hypotheses were tested in two experiments. Experiment 1 tested the influence of GMO labeling (i.e., attribute presence vs. absence) on consumer purchase intention of GMO and Non-GMO orange juice product. Perceived health risk was measured as potential mediator. The results supported our hypotheses. The attribute presence (vs. absence) frame increased perceived risk and decreased purchase intentions of the GMO food. However, the influence of GMO labeling on perceived risk and purchase intention was not significant for the Non-GMO food. Perceived health risk mediated the influence of labeling on purchase intention. Experiment 2 tested the moderation effect of health involvement in the effects of GMO labeling on purchase intention for GMO and Non-GMO Cajun nuts. The results show that the impact of GMO labeling on consumer purchase intention was moderated by consumer health involvement. That is, the effects of GMO information presentation method on purchase intention were stronger (weaker) when consumers' health involvement level is higher (lower). The findings of this research present implications for public policy and consumer education. Consumer perception and purchase of foods can be influenced by the law or regulations about GMO ingredients, which should be taken into consideration in public policy decisions. Another important implication is for consumer education. Consumer may be able to make a better decision by understating that their perception and purchase decision can be affected the way the food information is presented.

건강기능식품 표시⋅광고 법제의 현황 및 개선방안 - 미국, 유럽연합, 중국 법제와의 비교 및 함의를 중심으로 -

김두진 한국소비자법학회 2022 소비자법연구 Vol.8 No.4

건강기능식품의 표시⋅광고에 대해서는 「식품 등의 표시⋅광고에 관한 법률」에 따라 자율심의제도, 실증제도, 부당한 표시⋅광고에 대한 사후규제 등이 행해지고 있고 표시⋅광고에 관한 일반법인 「표시⋅광고의 공정화에 관한 법률」에 의한 사후 규제도 이루어지고 있다. 우리나라에서는 표시(presentation) 개념을 제품, 제조업자 또는 거래에 관한 사항을 제품의 용기⋅포장에 부착하거나 인쇄한 label로 파악하여서 그 대상자가 특정의 비교적 소수인 경우로 파악하고, 불특정 다수인을 상대로 한 제품, 제조업자 또는 거래에 관한 사항의 홍보인 광고(advertising)와 구별하는 경향이다. 그러나 표시나 광고나 제품이나 제조업자에 관한 사항의 홍보를 목적으로 하는 것이고, 이론적으로 서면에 작성된 표시를 읽는 사람은 상당 시간 동안의 총수를 합산하면 광고를 보는 사람만큼 다수일 수도 있어서 대상자의 수나 특정 여부로 구분하는 것은 광고규제 관점에서는 별 의미가 없다. 특히 식품의 표시⋅광고를 규제하는 것은 소비자로 대표되는 국민 보건상의 목적이 가장 중요하므로 레스토랑 메뉴판이나 시식코너에서의 홍보자료 또는 의료나 보건 전문가에게 식이요법용보충재 등 건강기능식품의 효능을 안내하는 서신을 보내는 것 역시 표시⋅광고로서 규제할 필요성이 있다고 본다. 이 논문에서는 제2장에서 미국, 유럽연합, 중국에서의 건강기능식품에 대한 여러 가지 표시⋅ 광고에 의한 주장(claims)에 대한 법적 규제에 관하여 살펴보고, 제3장에서 건강기능식품의 표시⋅광고에 대한 우리나라 현행법상 규제에 관하여 정리한 후, 제4장에서 건강기능식품의 허위⋅ 과장광고에 대한 우리 법원의 리딩 케이스를 살펴본 후, 제5장에서 결론에 갈음하여 우리 법제의 개선방안에 관한 소견을 제시하였다. 우리도 「건강기능식품에 관한 법률」에 건강기능식품의 기능성의 인정에 관한 실체적 심사기준을 구체적으로 마련하고 건강기능식품의 기능성에 대한 표시⋅광고의 허용범위를 현재보다 엄격하게 법에 마련하고, 「식품 등의 표시⋅광고에 관한 법률」상 건강기능식품의 표시⋅광고 심사에 보다 전문성이 담보될 수 있도록 심의위원들의 인적 구성을 변경하고 식품표시광고법 제8조 제1항의 부당한 표시⋅광고 금지규정은 국민 보건에 관한 소비자 안전을 해칠 식품을 선택하지 않을 수 있게 하는 목적에 특화하여 표시광고법과 차별화되어야 한다. 또한 우리 식품 영양성분 표시서식도안(식약처 고시 제2022-48호)은 소비자들의 이해를 돕기 위하여 현재보다 단순한 형태를 취하고 선명한 색상을 사용하도록 개선이 필요하다고 본다. The Act On Labeling And Advertising Of Foods (hereinafter ALAF) prohibits unfair labeling or advertising of foods in Article 8. And a person who intends to label or advertise a food should seek a Peer Review of the labeling or advertising (ALAF Art. 10) and should substantiate claims made in the labeling or advertising where the labeling or advertising of the food is likely to violate Article 8 (ALAF Art. 9). And the Act On Fair Labeling And Advertising also prohibits unfair Labeling or Advertising of goods including foods in Article 3. In this article, I looked around and compared the U.S., E.U., and China’s legal regimes and tried to find some implications for Korean relevant legal regimes improvement. The Chapter Ⅲ reviewed the current korean legal framework of regulation of labeling and advertising of health functional foods. And I examined the Korean court’s leading cases on the false or exaggerated advertising of health functional foods in Chapter Ⅳ. Chapter Ⅴ presented opinions on ways to improve our relevant legal system in lieu of conclusions. In Korea, the concept of presentations used to indicate labels attached or printed on products’ containers and packaging for describing products, manufacturers, or transactions, identifies itself as directed at specific relatively small numbers of people, and is distinguished from advertising, which is a promotion of products, manufacturers, or transactions to an unspecified number of people. However, both are for the purpose of promoting publicity of matters concerning products, or manufacturers, and theoretically, there may be as many people who read the written indication as those who see the advertisement, so it is meaningless to distinguish them in terms of advertising regulation. The most important purpose of regulating the labeling and advertising of foods is the public health purpose represented by consumers. So it is necessary to regulate promotional materials on the restaurant menu or tasting corner and letters informing medical or health professionals of the efficacy of health functional foods including dietary supplements as a kind of advertisement. And we also need to prepare the substantive screening criteria for approving the functionality of health functional foods in the Health Functional Foods Act. And it is necessary to change the personnel composition of the deliberation committee members in the Act On Labeling And Advertising Of Foods so that expertise can be guaranteed in the functional review. Furthermore, in order to help consumers understand, it is necessary to improve the food nutrient labeling design (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety Notice No. 2022-48) using simpler formats and various colors than the present.

소비자의 식품표시 인지, 만족 및 신뢰에 대한 영향 요인 분석

이영애 한국소비자정책교육학회 2019 소비자정책교육연구 Vol.15 No.4

The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of relevant factors affecting the the consumers’ awareness, reliability, and satisfaction of the food label system in order to create a safe food selection environment and ultimately to find various consumer education policy issues that can lead the food safety pursuit behavior of consumers in the marketplace. To do this, the data of this study was used by 2018 Food Consumption Behavior Survey of Korea Rural Economic Institute. The influences of various consumer behavior-related variables and socio- demographic variables on the perception of food labeling system, food labeling satisfaction and trust were analysed. The results of this study are as follows: First, the types of consumers related to food label recognition are classified into unconcerned type, intermittent checked type, and cautious checked type. As a result of comparing food marking items for food purchase, the rate of confirming GMO or GAP marking for hygiene safety is very low in both intermittent checked type, and cautious checked type in the purchase of fresh fruits and vegetables and meat, The level of awareness of HACCP, GMO, nutrition labeling, and nutrition labeling and allergy labeling is low. Second, as a result of food labeling of Awareness, the higher the agri-food practice information utilization among the consumer competency, the higher the quality control standardization, the food safety, the organic certification related attitudes and knowledge are found to increase the awareness of the quality standards of hygiene safety and environmental ethics. Third, as a result of the food label satisfaction and reliability analysis, the overall level of satisfaction with food labeling and reliability becomes higher as the knowledge and attitude of the agri-food consumer competency as well as increasing the agri-food practice information utilization. The results of this study are intended to provide a consumer-oriented way to operate a food labeling system that can respond to food-related consumer anxiety and provide an environment in which to choose safe food for consumers' safe. 본 연구의 목적은 식품표시제도의 인지여부, 신뢰 및 만족 여부에 영향을 미치는 관련 요인들의 관계를 파악함으로써 안전한 식품 선택 환경을 조성하고, 시장 내에서 소비자의 식품안전추구 행동이 올바른 방향으로 발현될 수 있는 다양한 소비자 교육방향의 제시 및 정책 이슈를 발굴하는데 있다. 본 연구에 활용한 데이터는 한국농촌경제연구원의 2018년 식품소비행태조사이며, 식품표시 인식 관련 소비자특성, 식품표시제도에 대한 인지 여부, 식품표시 만족 및 신뢰여부에 대한 다양한 소비자 행동관련 변수들과 사회인구학적 변인들의 영향력을 분석하였다. 본 연구의 주요한 연구 결과를 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 식품표시 확인 유형은 무관심형, 간헐적 확인형, 신중한 확인형으로 구분할 수 있다. 또한 식품 구매시 실제 식품표시 확인 내용을 각 유형별로 비교한 결과, 신선식품인 청과물 및 육류구매에서는 위생안전 관련 표시인 GMO나 GAP 표시를 확인하는 비율이 간헐적 확인형 및 신중한 확인형 모두에서 매우 낮게 나타났으며, 가공식품도 위생안전 관련 식품 표기인 HACCP 이나 GMO, 영양건강 관련 표시인 영양표시나 알레르기 표시에 대한 인지도 수준은 낮게 나타났다. 둘째, 식품표시 인지여부에 대한 분석결과, 농식품 소비자 이용역량 중 농식품 정보활용실천 역량이 높을수록 품질규격, 위생안전, 환경윤리관련 식품표시 인지도 모두를 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 농식품 이용 지식 및 태도는 품질규격 위생안전, 환경윤리 관련 표시의 인지도를 각각 높이는 주요한 변수인 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 식품표시 만족 및 신뢰 여부를 분석한 결과, 농식품 이용 지식 및 태도, 농식품 정보활용 실천 역량이 증가할수록 식품 표시에 대해 만족하거나 신뢰하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과는 소비자의 안전한 식생활 영위를 위해 식품관련 소비자불안에 선제적으로 대응하고, 안전한 식품을 선택할 수 있는 환경을 제공할 수 있는 식품표시제도 운영 방안을 소비자 지향적으로 마련하는데 기여할 수 있다.

중학생의 가공식품 섭취 실태와 식품표시에 대한 인식

고은경(Goh, Eun-Kyung),박은숙(Park, Eun-Sook) 한국생활과학회 2010 한국생활과학회지 Vol.19 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate intakes of processed food and use and understanding of food labeling by middle school students in the Chonbuk area. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 912 middle school students. Questionnaires included questions regarding general characteristics of the students, intakes of processed food, perception of food labeling, and knowledge of food labeling. Data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5 statistical software. Significant differences between genders were tested by the x²-test and the t-test. The frequency of processed foods being consumed at least two times per day was 31.0%, once a day was 30.5%. once a week was 26.0%, and eating rarely was 12.5%. Most frequently consumed processed foods were milk and milk products, bread and biscuits, and candy and chocolates. When the subjects bought processed foods, they read the general facts 3.1 out of 5.0 points, where the scores for females (3.2) were higher than the males (3.0) at p<.001. The subjects read the nutrition facts 2.7 out of the 5.0 points, and the scores of the females (3.0) were again higher than the males (2.5) at p<.001. The subjects recognized the necessity of general facts(3.5) and nutrition facts(3.4) of food labeling, but, only 33.9% of the subjects had received food labeling education. The accuracy rate of the food labeling knowledge of the subjects was not high, the accuracy rate ranged from 19.3% to 76.8%. Therefore, it is necessary to develop school programs for middle school students to provide education on processed foods, food labeling, general facts and nutrition facts.

식품표시에 대한 소비자 인식과 식품 구입: 식품위해 인식의 조절효과를 중심으로

석재혜 ( Jaehye Suk ),유패선 ( Peixuan Liu ),남수정 ( Su-jung Nam ) 대한가정학회 2024 Human Ecology Research(HER) Vol.62 No.1

This study examined the influence of perceptions of food risk and food labeling on the purchase of labeled food items and the intention to pay higher prices for safe food. Data were obtained from the Korea Rural Economic Institute's Consumer Behavior Survey for Food 2020. The analysis focused on the responses of 6,355 consumers, all of whom were mainly responsible for food purchases. The analysis investigated the moderating effect of food risk perception on the relationship between food labeling perception and the purchase of labeled food. Regarding the purchase of labeled food, statistically significant effects were noted for gender, educational level, perception of food labeling, and perception of food risk; however, the interaction effect of perceptions of food labeling and food risk was not statistically significant. With regard to the intention to pay higher prices for safe food, except for age, statistically significant effects were observed for gender, educational level, food expenditure, perception of food labeling, and perception of food risk; moreover, the interaction effect of perceptions of food labeling and food risk was significant. The results indicate that consumers reporting low food labeling perception and low purchase of labeled food were most vulnerable regarding food safety; therefore, it is necessary to provide such consumers with food label provision methods and specified education programs.