비골골절의 진단시 전산화단층촬영의 유용성

민경희,홍성희,이종훈 대한성형외과학회 2006 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.33 No.4

Purpose: The nasal bone fracture is the most common type of facial bone fracture. In making a diagnosis, physical findings are much more important than the simple radiologic findings. Facial bone CAT scan can provide the accurate diagnosis and the correct location of nasal bone fractures, so it can be lessoned with proper intervention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of facial bone CAT scan in the diagnosis of nasal bone fractures.Methods: The medical records and facial bone CAT scan of 45 patients clinically suspected nasal bone fracture but was not diagnosed on simple radiologic findings were analyzed.Results: All of the 45 patients were confirmed as nasal bone fractures in the facial bone CAT scan. The most common cause of fracture was assault. The mean age was 23.2 years. Physical findings were tenderness (100%), swelling(93.3%), epistaxis(66.6%), deviation (42.2 %), external wound(17.7%) and crepitus(4.4%) in order. Conclusions: It was concluded that the simple radiologic findings can not be conclusive, where the physical findings indicate a suspected nasal bone fracture. The facial bone CAT scan was more reliable for the correct diagnosis and follow-on treatment.

안와내벽골절의 진단과 수술에 대한 고찰

오석준,정철훈,이종욱,정찬민 大韓成形外科學會 1994 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.21 No.6

Medial orbital wall fracture may easily be overlooked because they give clinical symptoms in only a few instances and are located in an area difficult to visualize radiologically. Thus the chance to diagnose this type of fracture depends solely on the thoroughness of the clinical examinations, the skill and persistence to find a medial orbital wall fracture and the type of radiograph taken. We experienced 21 patients with medial orbital wall fractures from 1989 to 1993. The isolated medial orbital wall fractures were 7 cases and combined medial orbital wall fractures were 14 cases and the most common combined fracture was the nasal bone fracture(9 cases). The most common cause of fracture was the traffic accident. The medial orbital wall fracture was confirmed by facial CT scan. In conclusion, the authors state that 1) A medial orbital wall fracture is frequently seen in conjunction with similar type of blow-out fracture of the orbital floor and nasal bone fracture, so careful examination for signs of the medial orbital wall fracture in addition to orbital floor and nasal bone fracture should be carried out. 2) Facial CT scan is superior to conventional radiography in diagnosis of medial orbital wall fractures. 3) In early cases, we used bone graft to correct the medial orbital wall defect, but resorption of the grafted bone was occurred, so recent cases, the alloplastic implants(silastic sheet, titanium mesh) were used.

안면 스캔을 이용한 3회 내원 디지털 총의치 수복: 증례보고

권영석,홍성진,백장현,배아란,김형섭,권긍록,노관태 대한치과보철학회 2023 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.61 No.4

의치의 지지, 유지, 안정은 무치악 환자의 총의치 수복 시 중요한 요소들이다. 최근 디지털 치의학의 발전으로 전통적인 치료방식을 대체하기 위한 시도들이 계속되고 있으며, 환자의 내원 횟수를 줄이고 높은 수준의 디지털 의치를 제작하려는 시도들이 계속되고 있다. 본 증례에서는 새롭게 고안된 고딕 아치 기록을 통한 중심위 채득이 가능한 tray와 안면 스캔을 이용하여 디지털 총의치로 수복하였다. 전통적인 총의치 수복방식을 대체하여 환자의 내원 횟수를 줄이고 만족할만한 의치의 지지, 유지, 안정 및 심미적인 결과를 얻었기에 이를 보고하는 바이다. Support, retention, and stability of dentures are key factors in the use of complete dentures in edentulous patients. With the development of digital dentistry, attempts are being made to replace traditional treatment methods. Also, struggle to reduce the number of patient visits and to manufacture high-quality digitally fabricated dentures are ongoing. In this case, a digital denture was restored using a tray capable of obtaining centric relation through gothic arch tracing and a facial scan. By replacing the traditional complete denture restoration method, the number of patient visits was reduced and esthetic results with satisfactory denture support, retention, and stability were obtained.

교정치료를 위한 스캔 데이터 간 디지털 정합 기술의 활용

김영재,김종윤,신희진 대한치과교정학회 2020 대한치과교정학회 임상저널 Vol.10 No.4

The purpose of this article was to discuss the necessity of using digital merging data sets and the method of alignment between cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) and other scan data including the intraoral scan and 3D facial scan. To improve the alignment accuracy, it is important to understand the pros and cons of various alignment methods. Also, this article introduces some clinical tips for using digital merging data sets. There has been controversy regarding the efficiency and accuracy of digital orthodontic protocol. With the knowledge of digital technic and proper strategies for clinical trials, digital orthodontics will become more accurate and efficient.

3D Facial Scanners: How to Make the Right Choice for Orthodontists

서영수,이계형,김도길,이경민 대한치의학회 2024 Journal of korean dental science Vol.17 No.1

With the advances of digital scanning technology in dentistry, the interests in facial scanning in orthodontics have increased. There are many different manufacturers of facial scanners marketing to the dental practice. How do you know which one will work best for you? What questions should you be asking? We suggest a clinical guideline which may help you make an informed decision when choosing facial scanners. The characteristics of 7 facial scanners were discussed in this article. Here are some considerations for choosing a facial scanner. *Accuracy: For facial scanners to be of real value, having an appropriate camera resolution is necessary to achieve more accurate facial image representation. For orthodontic application, the scanner must create an accurate representation of an entire face. *Ease of Use: Scanner-related issues that impact their ease of use include type of light; scan type; scan time; file type generated by the scanner; unit size and foot print; and acceptance of scans by third-party providers. *Cost: Most of the expenses associated with facial scanning involve the fixed cost of purchase and maintenance. Other expenses include technical support, warranty costs, transmission fees, and supply costs. This article suggests a clinical guideline to make the right choice for facial scanner in orthodontics. [J Korean Dent Sci. 2024;17(1):1-13]

Three-dimensional Assessment of Facial Soft Tissue after Orthognathic Surgery in Patients with Skeletal Class III and Asymmetry

Lee, Jong-Hyeon,Choi, Dong-Soon,Cha, Bong-Kuen,Park, Young-Wook,Jang, Insan Korean Association of Maxillofacial Plastic and Re 2013 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.35 No.6

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to perform three-dimensional (3D) assessment of facial soft tissue in patients with skeletal Class III and mandibular asymmetry after orthognathic surgery. Methods: Samples consisted of 3D facial images obtained from five patients with A point-nasion-B point angle less than 2 degrees, and more than 5 mm of menton deviation. All patients had been treated at Gangneung-Wonju National University Dental Hospital from 2009 to 2012. They had undergone orthognathic surgery of Lefort I, and sagittal split osteotomy for correction of skeletal deformity, and orthodontic treatment. Facial scanning was performed before treatment (T1) and post-surgical orthodontic treatment (T2). Linear and angle variables of soft tissue landmarks, antero-posterior facial depth, and facial volume were measured. Results: No significant differences in width of the alar base, mouth width, and nasal canting were observed between T1 and T2. However, lip deviation, menton deviation, alar canting, lip canting, and menton deviation angle were significantly reduced at T2. Antero-posterior facial depth on the axial plane parallel to the left cheilion was significantly reduced on the deviated side and significantly increased on the non-deviated side at T2. Volume of the lower lateral and lower medial parts of the face was reduced on the deviated side, and volume of upper lateral and lower lateral parts on the non-deviated side was significantly increased at T2. Conclusion: After orthognathic surgery, facial asymmetry of soft tissue was improved following skeletal changes, especially the mandibular region. Although the length of the alar base and mouth width did not change, lip and soft tissue menton were displaced to the medial side after treatment. Facial depth also became symmetric after treatment. Facial volume showed a decrease on the lower part of the deviated side and that on lateral parts of the non-deviated side showed an increase after treatment.

Three-dimensional morphometric analysis of facial units in virtual smiling facial images with different smile expressions

Hang Nga Mai,타우 타우 윈,Minh Son Tong,이청희,이규복,김소연,이현우,이두형 대한치과보철학회 2023 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.15 No.1

PURPOSE. Accuracy of image matching between resting and smiling facial models is affected by the stability of the reference surfaces. This study aimed to investigate the morphometric variations in subdivided facial units during resting, posed and spontaneous smiling. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The posed and spontaneous smiling faces of 33 adults were digitized and registered to the resting faces. The morphological changes of subdivided facial units at the forehead (upper and lower central, upper and lower lateral, and temple), nasal (dorsum, tip, lateral wall, and alar lobules), and chin (central and lateral) regions were assessed by measuring the 3D mesh deviations between the smiling and resting facial models. The one-way analysis of variance, Duncan post hoc tests, and Student’s t-test were used to determine the differences among the groups (α = .05). RESULTS. The smallest morphometric changes were observed at the upper and central forehead and nasal dorsum; meanwhile, the largest deviation was found at the nasal alar lobules in both the posed and spontaneous smiles (P < .001). The spontaneous smile generally resulted in larger facial unit changes than the posed smile, and significant difference was observed at the alar lobules, central chin, and lateral chin units (P < .001). CONCLUSION. The upper and central forehead and nasal dorsum are reliable areas for image matching between resting and smiling 3D facial images. The central chin area can be considered an additional reference area for posed smiles; however, special cautions should be taken when selecting this area as references for spontaneous smiles.

3D 형상자료를 기반으로 한 한국 성인여성의 연령대별 머리 및 얼굴 형태의 융합적 연구

김지민(Kim, Ji Min) 한국전시산업융합연구원 2019 한국과학예술융합학회 Vol.37 No.2

본 연구는 한국 여성의 머리와 얼굴 관련 3D 형상자료 측정치를 비교, 분석하여 연령대별 형태적 변화 및 특성을 파악하기 위해 시작하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 머리 부위에 착용하는 다양한 의류제품 설계 시 맞음새의 적합성과 기능성 제고에 도움이 되는 기초자료를 제공함으로써 소비자의 착용 만족도 향상에 기여하고 산업계의 체계적인 치수규격 성립 및 활용을 도모하기 위함이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 사이즈 코리아에서 실시한 ‘제6차 한국인 인체치수조사’의 3D 스캔데이터를 바탕으로 20∼69세 여성의 머리 부위의 둘레 및 길이, 수직길이, 수평길이, 너비 등의 41항목을 사용하였으며 SPSS WIN 22.0 프로그램을 사용하여 연령집단별 차이를 비교 분석하기 위해 F-test, Duncan-test, 요인분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 및 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 3D 머리 부위 측정치 비교에서는 코를 중심으로 상안보다 하안의 수직길이가 노화의 영항을 더 받는 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 요인분석은 6개의 요인으로 분류되었으며 요인1은 ‘머리표면길이와 머리 및 얼굴 부위의 수직길이’의 요인, 요인2는 ‘머리둘레와 머리마루-귀구슬점수직길이를 포함한 머리 부위 수평길이’의 요인, 요인3은 ‘코밑 이하 수직길이와 얼굴 너비’의 요인, 요인4는 ‘귀구슬점 기준 얼굴 부위 길이’의 요인, 요인5는 ‘눈구석사이너비와 코 부위 관련 길이’의 요인, 요인6은 ‘귀구슬점 기준 상하 중심점의 수평길이’의 요인으로 분석되었다. 셋째, 연령별 측정치 비교와 요인점수 비교 결과, 다수의 머리와 얼굴 부위 항목에서 연령에 따라 점차적으로 증가하거나 감소하는 변화가 나타나 노화의 영향을 받는 것으로 분석되므로 머리 및 얼굴 관련제품 설계 시 필요항목에 대한 연령대별 특성을 고려해야 함이 증명되었다. This study was initiated to identify the changes in women’s head and facial dimensions in relation to age. The purpose of this study is to increase manufacturers’ awareness of age factors in developing head and face related products and encourage relevant industries to produce a sizing system that best meets the products’ functional and fit requirements for all age groups. This is achieved by comparing head and facial dimensions of women aged between 20 and 69 years through the utilization of relevant 3D scan data from the 6th Korean Human Body Measurement Investigation. The data analysis consists of 4 categories; circumference and length, vertical length, horizontal length and breadth, with 41 measurement items. The data was grouped by age and statistically analyzed through SPSS 22.0. The study conducted technical statistics analysis, F-test and Duncan-test to compare dimensions for each measurement item and identify their differences between the age groups. Some of the highlighted study results are as follows. First, the comparison of head and facial measurements between the age groups indicates that the vertical lengths below the nose had more age-related changes than the vertical lengths above the nose. Second, there are six factors according to the factor analysis; Factor 1, head and facial surface lengths and vertical heights; Factor 2, head circumferences and vertical head heights with a vertex-tragion vertical length; Factor 3, vertical heights below nose facial breadths; Factor 4, facial lengths from tragion; Factor 5, distance between ocular angles and nasal lengths; and Factor 6, horizontal lengths between upper and lower landmarks from tragion. Third, the comparison of factor scores indicates that some of the head and facial dimensions gradually increased or decreased with age due to the aging process. Therefore, the manufacturers should consider the age of the target consumer when developing head and face related products with a higher level of fit and functions.

Integrating 3D facial scanning in a digital workflow to CAD/CAM design and fabricate complete dentures for immediate total mouth rehabilitation

Hassan, Bassam,Greven, Marcus,Wismeijer, Daniel The Korean Academy of Prosthodonitics 2017 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.9 No.5

PURPOSE. To integrate extra-oral facial scanning information with CAD/CAM complete dentures to immediately rehabilitate terminal dentition. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Ten patients with terminal dentition scheduled for total extraction and immediate denture placement were recruited for this study. The patients were submitted to a facial scanning procedure using the in-office PritiMirror scanner with bite registration records in-situ. Definitive stone cast models and bite records were subsequently submitted to a lab scanning procedure using the lab scanner (iSeries DWOS; Dental Wings). The scanned models were used to create a virtual teeth setup of a complete denture. Using the intra-oral bite records as a reference, the virtual setup was incorporated in the facial scan thereby facilitating a virtual clinical evaluation (teeth try-in) phase. After applying necessary adjustments, the virtual setup was submitted to a CAM procedure where a 5-axis industrial milling machine (M7 CNC; Darton AG General) was used to fabricate a full-milled PMMA immediate provisional prosthesis. RESULTS. Total extractions were performed, the dentures were immediately inserted, and subjective clinical fit was evaluated. The immediate provisional prostheses were inserted and clinical fit, occlusion/articulation, and esthetics were subjectively assessed; the results were deemed satisfactory. All provisional prostheses remained three months in function with no notable technical complications. CONCLUSION. Ten patients with terminal dentition were treated using a complete digital approach to fabricate complete dentures using CAD/CAM technology. The proposed technique has the potential to accelerate the rehabilitation procedure starting from immediate denture to final implant-supported prosthesis leading to more predictable functional and aesthetics outcomes.

Integrating 3D facial scanning in a digital workflow to CAD/CAM design and fabricate complete dentures for immediate total mouth rehabilitation

Bassam Hassan,Marcus Greven,Daniel Wismeijer 대한치과보철학회 2017 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.9 No.5

PURPOSE. To integrate extra-oral facial scanning information with CAD/CAM complete dentures to immediately rehabilitate terminal dentition. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Ten patients with terminal dentition scheduled for total extraction and immediate denture placement were recruited for this study. The patients were submitted to a facial scanning procedure using the in-office PritiMirror scanner with bite registration records in-situ. Definitive stone cast models and bite records were subsequently submitted to a lab scanning procedure using the lab scanner (iSeries DWOS; Dental Wings). The scanned models were used to create a virtual teeth setup of a complete denture. Using the intra-oral bite records as a reference, the virtual setup was incorporated in the facial scan thereby facilitating a virtual clinical evaluation (teeth try-in) phase. After applying necessary adjustments, the virtual setup was submitted to a CAM procedure where a 5-axis industrial milling machine (M7 CNC; Darton AG General) was used to fabricate a full-milled PMMA immediate provisional prosthesis. RESULTS. Total extractions were performed, the dentures were immediately inserted, and subjective clinical fit was evaluated. The immediate provisional prostheses were inserted and clinical fit, occlusion/articulation, and esthetics were subjectively assessed; the results were deemed satisfactory. All provisional prostheses remained three months in function with no notable technical complications. CONCLUSION. Ten patients with terminal dentition were treated using a complete digital approach to fabricate complete dentures using CAD/CAM technology. The proposed technique has the potential to accelerate the rehabilitation procedure starting from immediate denture to final implant-supported prosthesis leading to more predictable functional and aesthetics outcomes.