단순 교통사건 형사사법절차상 전자(화)문서의 문서성에 대한 고찰

박수호,이상진 경찰대학 경찰대학 2019 경찰학연구 Vol.19 No.1

This paper takes a look at the related law that has been regulating regarding the electronic documents and the electronization documents and the problems that have been taking place because of it. And it had considered the evidential documents that were submitted by the investigation cooperator, including the electronic documents of the records of the statements, the protocol of the examination of the suspect, etc., that had been written in terms of the practical affairs by the police, the testifier, etc. regarding the documentability regarding the electronically-handled, electronization documents. Also, it had been intended to propose an improvement plan as an alternative regarding what must be done in order to abolish the investigation documents that had been written on paper under the current law. In order to solidify the evidential capabilities of the electronic documents and the electronization documents that are distributed in the criminal justice information system as the documents, firstly, the electronic mission of an electronic document must be written and electronically signed by a police officer as currently carried out. Secondly, regarding the signing and sealing by the person confirming in the police report regarding the testifier, the victim, and the suspect, the system shall be improved by having the electronic signature put in through the official certificate. Also, in the case of converting the paper documents into the electronized documents, too, the system shall be improved so that the electronic signatures through the official certificate of the civil petitioner, who is the submitter, can be done. Thirdly, regarding the evidential capabilities of the electronized documents, the furnishing of the facility, the completion of the education, etc. that result from the Regulations on the Procedure and the Method of Writing an Electronized Document (No. 2017-7, the announcement of the Ministry of Science and ICT) and the Regulations on the Electronized Documents Writing Facility or the Detailed Matters of the Equipment Certifying Standard (No. 2012-67, the announcement of the Ministry of Knowledge Economy) must be abided by. Fourthly, the examination and the interpretation that recognize the same effectiveness of the electronic documents and the electronization documents as the paper documents are needed. I hope that, in the future, with regard to the criminal justice procedure, by having the electronic (electronized) documents receive the recognition of the effectiveness that is the same as the paper documents, the paper documents will not be produced any more. 이 논문은 전자문서 및 전자화문서에 대해 규정하고 있는 관련 법률과 그에 따라 발생되고 있는 문제점을 살펴보고 경찰이 실무상에서 작성한 진술조서, 피의자신문조서 등의 전자문서와 참고인 등 수사 협조자가 제출한 증거서류를 전자적으로 처리한 전자화문서의 문서성에 대해 고찰하였다. 또한 현행 법률하에서 종이로 작성된 수사서류를 전자(화)문서로 대체하는 방안을 제안하였다. 형사사법정보시스템에서 유통되는 전자문서 및 전자화문서가 문서로서의 증거능력을 공고히 하기 위해서는 첫째, 전자문서의 전자서명이 현행과 같이 경찰관이 작성하여 전자서명하고, 둘째, 참고인, 피해자, 피의자에 대한 조서에 확인자의 서명 날인을 공인인증서를 통한 전자서명하는 방식으로 개선해야 하며, 종이문서를 전자화문서로 변환하는 경우에도 제출자인 민원인의 공인인증서를 통한 전자서명을 하도록 제도를 개선해야 한다. 셋째, 전자화문서의 증거능력에 대해서는 전자화문서의 작성 절차 및 방법에 관한 규정(과학기술정보통신부고시 제2017-7호)과 전자화문서 작성시설 또는 장비 인증기준 세부사항 규정(지식경제부고시 제2012-67호)에 따른 시설완비 및 교육 이수 등이 준수되도록 하여야 한다. 넷째, 전자문서 및 전자화문서를 종이문서와 동일한 효력을 인정하는 형사법의 검토 및 해석이 필요하다. 향후 형사사법절차에 있어 전자(화)문서가 종이문서와 동일한 효력을 인정받아 더 이상 종이문서를 생산하지 않게 되기를 바란다.

독일민사소송법상 전자문서에 의한 소송절차 -우리나라의 전자소송법안과 관련하여-

유병현 ( Byung Hyun Yoo ) 고려대학교 법학연구원 2009 고려법학 Vol.0 No.55

German Civil Procedure Act implemented a set of reform statutes aimed at electronic documents court filing in 2005. It permits to file all court documents by electronic means. Documents for service to the other party is not needed by filing electronic documents. The courts will print out the e-filed documents at their own cost. Judgements and all other court documents are able to be produced by electronic documents on which there have to be electronic signatures. Cases are to be managed by electronic documents or paper documents. Electronic documents are to be printed out for paper case management, and paper documents are to be scanned for e-filing, but the original electronic or paper documents have to be preserved by courts until conclusive end of the litigations. Electronic documents are not treated as documentary evidence but demonstrative evidence. However their authentication is determined like documentary evidence. Certified electronic signatures give conclusive forces by proving formal authentication of electronic documents, like signatures on paper documents. Case record is able to be preserved by electronic means and be accessed by parties and their lawyers. The parties are able to get their court record by electronic means, e.g. e-mail, the lawyers are able to get direct access to the record. Service of court documents is able to be done by e-mail to the lawyers, or pro se litigents who consent the service sending by electronic means. If the person received the service by electronic means, he or she have to reply it. Implementing e-filing system into Korean Civil Procedure, the German statutes on e-filing would be good references, but it does not have to be overlooked that German Civil Procedure has compulsory lawyer representation system only except for Amtsgericht.

전자문서의 위변조 가능성과 감식에 관한 연구

김도년 민사법의 이론과 실무학회 2012 民事法理論과 實務 Vol.15 No.2

An electronic document is not denied the effect as a document just for being in the electronic form unless there is a special regulation by the Framework act on electronic commerce. However, while an actual document is investigated for evidence through the method of documentary evidence, but there is no regulation on how the evidence investigation should be conducted for electronic documents. That is, the legal procedure law for electronic documents rely on the provisions of the civil procedure law which is a general law, and there is no special regulation regarding the probative force as such is yielded to free non-concrete evidence. Therefore, even if the basic conditions of an electronic document are present, such must be verified individually in case the authenticity is in doubt. Therefore, apart from the conditions to secure authenticity of the electronic documents, the method and procedure for authenticity verification are needed. This is a very practical and urgent matter, and thus this report intends to propose a direction in verification and identification of forgery and falsification regarding the forgery/falsification potential of the electronic documents. The verification method of forgery and falsification of an electronic document is first approached from the perspective encompassing the document originally formed electronically and digitalized document, but the detailed verification methods shall be typed. The document originally formed electronically can employ a special system or electronic signature for identification of forgery and falsification to type the verification method. For digitalized documents, such can be classified into those following the notification of Ministry of Knowledge and Economy and those that are not, and the verification method can be typed accordingly. Especially for digitalized documents, if the document has been scanned into an image file, there is the potential to confirm the authenticity of the document through the characteristics in the document scan process and imaging process other than the certification information such as electronic signatures, and moreover, the normal document verification method can be applied to the identification of electronic documents, further improving the authentication of authenticity for electronic documents.

전자문서의 서면성

정진명(Jin-Myung Chung) 한국재산법학회 2023 재산법연구 Vol.39 No.4

우리 사회는 종이문서 시대에서 전자문서 시대로 전환되는 과도기적 단계에 있다. 그리하여 전자문서법은 전자문서에 대하여 종이문서와 기능적 등가성을 인정하고 있다. 하지만 종이문서 대신에 전자문서로서 서면 요건을 충족할 수 있는지는 여전히 의문이다. 그 이유는 전자문서법상 전자문서는 열람가능성과 재현가능성을 개념표지로 규정하고 있지 않으며, 전자문서의 법적 효력도 “전자문서는 다른 법률에 특별한 규정이 있는 경우를 제외하고는 전자적 형태로 되어 있다는 이유로 문서로서의 효력이 부인되지 않는다.”고 규정함으로써 다른 법률에서 전자문서의 효력을 부인하거나 배제할 수 있다는 전제하에 입법이 되었기 때문이다. 나아가 기존의 개별 법령에서 규정하고 있는 ‘서면’ 개념은 전자문서를 예상하여 제정된 것이 아니므로 명문의 규정이 없는 한 서면은 종이문서를 의미한다. 그리하여 전자문서법은 2020년 법률을 개정하여 전자문서의 서면 요건을 신설하였다. 대상결정은 조합원이 총회에서 의결권 행사를 전자적 결의방법으로 한 경우에 이를 도시정비법 및 이 사건 정관에 규정된 의결권 행사 방법인 ‘서면결의’로 볼 수 있는지가 쟁점인 사안이다. 특히 대상결정은 전자문서법이 전자문서의 서면 요건을 신설한 후 처음으로 그 요건을 다룬 것이다. 그러므로 전자문서의 서면성에 대한 종래의 판례 및 새로 신설된 전자문서법 제4조의2 해석과 관련하여 그 의미가 크다. 따라서 이 글에서는 대상결정의 법리를 비판적으로 검토하고, 해석론적 입장에서 그 문제점을 논증해 보았다. Our society is in a transitional stage of transition from the paper document age to the electronic document age. Therefore, the Electronic Documents Act recognizes the functional equivalence of electronic documents with paper documents. However, it is still questionable whether electronic documents can satisfy the written requirements instead of paper documents. The reason is that the definition of the concept of electronic documents under the Electronic Documents Act does not stipulate readability and reproducibility as concept marks, and the legal effect of electronic documents is also “Its validity as a document is not denied because of its form, except for special provisions in other laws.” As such, the Electronic Document Act was legislated on the premise that other laws could deny or exclude the effect of electronic documents. Furthermore, since the concept of ‘written’ prescribed in existing individual laws was not enacted in anticipation of electronic documents, written means paper documents unless explicitly stipulated. Therefore, the Electronic Documents Act established the written requirements for electronic documents through the law revision in 2020. As for the subject matter decision, the issue at issue is whether it can be regarded as a ‘written decision’, which is the method of exercising voting rights stipulated in the Urban Renewal Act and the Articles of Incorporation in this case, when union members exercise their voting rights electronically. In particular, the subject matter decision is the first to deal with the written requirements for electronic documents after the Electronic Documents Act newly established them. Therefore, its meaning is significant in relation to the interpretation of Article 4-2 of the newly established Electronic Documents Act and the previous precedents on the written requirements for electronic documents. Therefore, in this article, I would like to review the legal principle of object determination and demonstrate its problems.

금융기관 문서의 안전한 유통과 보관 방안에 관한 연구― 공인전자주소 및 공인전자문서센터 제도를 중심으로 ―

박준하 서울시립대학교 서울시립대학교 법학연구소 2014 서울법학 Vol.21 No.3

In 2012, A framework act on electronic document and electronic commerce(“framework act on electronic commerce”) was revised. This framework act electronic commerce was established as an authorized electronic address and the certified electronic documents authority was renamed to the Certified e-Document center. The establishment of certified electronic address overcomes the problem that e-mail does not guarantee the sending and receiving electronic documents. Basically, these electronic documents is subject to the Framework Act on Electronic Commerce. So current Korean Electronic Transaction Basic Law is that framework act on electronic commerce. And this Act will contribute to make paperless-korea. But Most of the financial institutions do not utilize an authorized electronic address and the Certified e-Document center. Because of imperfection of the law, lack of awareness of systems and doubts about the reliability, they hesitate to use these systems. Especially, the framework act on electronic commerce does not provide the validity of retention of digitalized documents which are generated by scanning process. Use of the electronic document is constantly increasing. In order to activate an authorized electronic address and the Certified e-Document center, the government should revise the legally and institutionally relevant provisions. Also, the relevant financial authorities need to interpretate the regulation flexibly. 2012년에 전자문서 및 전자거래기본법이 개정되면서 공인전자주소제도가 신설되었고, 기존의 공인전자문서보관소를 공인전자문서센터로 명칭을 변경하는 등 전자문서의 유통을 활성화하기 위한 규정을 정비하였다. 그러나 관련 제도에 대한 이해 부족과 종이문서 중심의 업무처리 시스템 등으로 인하여 제도의 활용은 미비한 실정에 있다. 특히 전체 기업들 중에서 종이문서의 생성량의 상당한 부분을 차지하고 있는 금융기관들에서 공인전자주소 및 공인전자문서센터를 통한 문서관리시스템을 구축하고 활용하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 금융기관이 업무 처리과정을 통해 전자문서를 생성하고, 이렇게 발생된 전자문서를 공인전자문서센터에 보관하거나 공인전자주소를 통하여 필요한 송․수신 업무를 처리하는 문서관리시스템을 갖추지 못하거나, 이러한 제도들을 활용하지 못하는 것은 다음과 같은 이유 때문으로 보인다. 첫째, 공인전자문서센터제도에 대한 제3자적인 신뢰성에 의문이 제기되고, 둘째, 전자거래기본법 상의 관련 규정의 불완전성으로 인한 측면이 존재하고 있으며, 셋째, 금융업계 내에서의 공인전자문서센터제도 자체에 대한 이해부족과 인식의 결여가 존재하는 점 등 지적될 수 있다. 따라서 정부가 의욕적으로 추진 중에 있는 Paperless화를 실현하고, 전자문서 중심의 효율적인 문서관리시스템을 구현하기 위해서는 법적 ・ 제도적인 관련 규정의 정비 작업이 선행되어야 할 것이다. 또한 관련 규정이 미비한 상태에서는 관련 금융당국의 유연화고 합리적인 법 적용과 해석을 통해 금융기관에게 관련 제도에 대한 안정성과 신뢰성을 확보해 줌으로써 금융기관이 전자문서와 관련 제도를 활용할 수 있도록 배려하는 것도 필요할 것으로 본다.

보험회사의 전자문서 작성과 보관 등에 관한 법적 검토

서재욱,고은희 한국지급결제학회 2022 지급결제학회지 Vol.14 No.2

Remote transactions have increasingly affecting electronic commerce transactions due to developments in information technology develops and impact of COVID-19. It is projected that usage of electronic documents in financial transaction will continue to increase. Those electronic documents that are made during transactions, and stored in financial institutions serve as basis of validating certain financial transactions. Also, financial consumer information contained in such documents must be protected. Thus financial companies must abide by the procedure on creating, processing, storing, and discarding electronic documents stated in relevant law. Framework Act on Electronic Documents and Transactions (Electronic Document Act hereafter) stipulates written requirements which the electronic document can be identically effective as a paper document. That said, issues can rise on whether the electronic document itself is the original document, and if digitalized document deserves value as an evidence. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss ways to give originality to electronic documents by specifying conditions (i.e. integrity and credibility is secured when documents are created), or approving it as the original through Electronic Financial Transaction Act to acknowledge the document met standards to be seen as one. Under the Act on the Protection of Financial Consumers, financial companies are obliged to store documents that are created during financial transactions and those related to contract signing, executing and etc. The company can meet these obligations by storing documents in certified electronic document authorities, instead of meeting all of the storing requirement stated in the Electronic Document Act. In addition, financial companies should abide by obligation conduct on deletion of personal information. A legislation of having those companies to store information in the certified electronic document center can serve as alternative, instead of companies physically discarding documents containing personal credit information. Given that, it would be possible to protect information and rights of financial transaction parties as well as meeting obligations by preserving evidence of financial transactions. 정보통신기술의 발달과 COVID-19 이후 더 활발해진 비대면거래는 전자금융거래에도 큰 영향을 미쳐 금융거래에 있어서 전자문서의 이용이 활성화되었다. 금융거래에서 작성하여 금융회사가 보관하는 전자문서는 금융거래의 효력 발생의 근거이며 전자문서에 포함된 금융소비자의 정보는 정보보호 대상이므로, 금융회사는 전자문서의 생성부터 처리, 보관, 파기까지 관련 법령에서 정한 법적 의무를 준수하여 적법하게 이행하여야 한다. 전자문서 및 전자거래에 관한 법률(이하 ‘전자문서법’이라고 한다)은 전자문서에 대한 서면요건을 명시하고 있으며 서면요건을 충족한 전자문서는 종이문서와 같은 문서로써의 효력을 인정할 수 있다. 다만, 전자문서가 원본으로써 원본과 동일한 효력이 있는지 여부, 전자화문서가 증거능력으로 가치가 있는지 여부 등은 전자문서 활용에 있어서 선제적으로 검토하여야 할 문제이다. 전자문서 작성에 무결성과 신뢰성이 확보되는 경우 원본성을 인정하는 등으로 원본성 인정 요건을 법령에 명시하거나, 금융회사가 생성한 전자문서가 전자금융거래법 등을 통하여 원본성을 인정할 수 있다고 본다면 전자문서의 원본성을 부여하는 방안등이 추가로 논의될 필요가 있다고 본다. 금융회사는 금융소비자보호에 관한 법률에 따라 금융거래에서 생성된 문서로써 계약 체결·이행 등에 관한 자료 등을 보관하여야 할 의무가 있다. 전자문서법에서 정한 전자문서 보관 요건을 모두 준수하여 이러한 의무를 이행하거나 직접 보관하는 대신에 공인전자문서센터에 전자문서를 보관함으로써 이러한 의무 이행에 갈음할 수 있다. 또한, 금융회사는 신용정보의 이용 및 보호에 관한 법률에서 정한 개인신용정보 삭제의무를 이행하여야 함에 따라 개인신용정보가 포함된 전자문서를 파기하여야 할 경우, 금융거래에 따른 법적 효력 발생에 근거가 되는 전자문서를 파기하는 대신에 공인전자문서센터에 보관하는 방안을 법령에 명시하는 방안을 입법적으로 고려할 수 있다. 금융거래 상대방의 정보와 권익을 보호하면서 동시에 금융거래의 근거를 보존하는 의무를 조화롭게 수행하는 방안이 가능하도록 고려할 필요가 있다.

상업장부등의 전자적 보존 활성화를 위한 상법 제33조의 재검토

김현경(Kim Hyun-Kyung) 한국비교사법학회 2011 比較私法 Vol.18 No.3

The information telecommunication technology has revolutionized the communications world like nothing before. The rapid development of electronic information technologies, including Internet and the World Wide Web, has considerably advanced methods of communication. Electronic Document represents one of the most successful examples of the benefits of easy and rapid communication. Electronic document is the principal method of on-line civil service provided by the Government and is the vehicle for the electronic commercial transaction (ECommerce). Korea’s expertise in the digitization of administrative work procedures and civil services through IT applications has been highly recognized and topped in both categories of the e-government readiness index and e-participation index in the United Nations E-Government Survey 2010. the use of the electronic documents also has proliferated as E-commerce is diffused over the Private sectors. However, despite the spread of electronic services and businesses, the paper consumption still grows continuously. The domestic consumption of paper has reached 42.5 billion sheets of paper as of Year 2008, and government agencies in 2008 spent about 10 billion sheets of paper, showing the trend that the average annual growth rate is more than 20%. Corporate annual paper consumption is on average 15.9 per capita in the box and, if 1 box is considered 2,500 sheets of paper, can be also estimated at approximately 39,855 sheets of paper per capita per year. Even if the development of IT technology built the environment for practical use of electronic document, Government has to provide the various policies for the dissemination and diffusion of electronic document in order to reduce the unusual increase of paper consumption and to pursue the Green Information. However, there are concerns that the legal constraints would be the obstacle for implementing these policies and might result in hindering the spread of electronic document. Framework Act on Electronic Commerce prescribes the basic principles for the validity of electronic documents in private transaction and recognizes the custody of electronic documents and documents subjects to conversion to electronic documents. This Act applies throughout commercial transactions in general. However, Commercial Act prescribe that trade books and all important documents relating business shall be preserved for a period of ten years and the slips and similar documents shall be kept for five years, and the books and documents may be preserved by means of the microfilms and other data processing systems. However, the even though these documents can ben preserved by electronic information processing system. However, Enforcement Decree of the Commercial Act prescribes that if books and document required to be signed and sealed by the law, the original with signature and the seal shall be preserved. This legal constraints limits the electronic means of preservation of trade books. In other words, Commercial Act imposes a duty to preserve the orignal paper of balance sheet, articles of association, various kinds of proof of certificate etc and does not clarify whether the documents preserved by the electronic means is deemed as the original document. This article will examine and analysis wether the Commercial Act provisions that premises the preservation of the original paper documents is appropriate for today’s information technology based industrial and business environment and propose an improvement method for invigorating and boosting the preservation of trade book by the electronic means.

AI시대를 대비한 「전자문서 및 전자거래기본법」의 개정방향

이충훈 ( Lee Choong Hoon ) 중앙대학교 법학연구원 문화미디어엔터테인먼트법연구소 2022 문화.미디어.엔터테인먼트 법 Vol.16 No.1

인공지능을 이용한 컴퓨터시스템의 발달로 인하여 인공지능형 컴퓨터시스템을 이용하여 의사표시를 할 경우 기존의 전통적인 민법이론이 그대로 적용되는 것이 타당한가 아니면 전통적인 민법이론을 대체할 이론구성을 해야 할 것인가에 관한 논의가 필요한 시점이 도래하였다고 할 것이다. 현행 전자문서법상의 전자문서 작성자의 개념으로는 인공지능에 의하여 전자문서가 작성된 경우 작성의 주체를 누구로 볼 것인가의 문제가 제기될 수 있다. 전자문서를 작성하여 송신한 자가 의사표시의 주체가 되는데, 인공지능이 개입되면 전자문서의 작성자가 누구인지 정확하게 확정할 수 없는 문제가 발생하게 되고, 전자문서를 작성하여 송신한 자가 의사표시의 주체가 되는데 전자문서의 작성 및 송신을 인공지능이 담당하게 될 경우 의사표시의 주체의 확정은 더욱 어렵게 된다. 최근 인공지능에 법인격을 부여하자는 견해가 강력히 제기되고 있지만, 이는 현행 민법의 개정 없이는 불가능한 논의라 생각한다. 다만 향후 제기될 문제를 사전에 예방하기 위하여 인공지능을 이용한 의사표시의 주체와 의사표시의 효력귀속주체를 인공지능형 컴퓨터시스템을 운영하는 자에게 귀속할 것을 제안하였다. 즉 “정보처리시스템을 이용하여 사람의 구체적인 판단 없이 작성된 전자문서의 효력은 자신을 위하여 정보처리시스템을 사용한 자에게 귀속된다.”라는 규정의 신설을 제안하였다. 현행 전자문서법은 계약의 성립시기에 관한 명문의 규정이 존재하지 않는다. 다만 전자문서의 송신과 수신이라는 개념만 두고 있을 뿐이다. 송신과 수신이 민법상의 발신과 도달의 개념과 동일한 가에 관해 논의가 있었으나, 2020년 전자문서법의 개정을 통해 민법상의 발신과 도달과 유사한 개념으로 개정되었으므로 전자문서법의 송신과 수신을 발신과 도달이라는 용어를 사용할 것을 제안하였다. 또한 전자거래가 격지자간의 거래인가 아니면 대화자간의 거래인가의 문제가 제기된다. 전자거래는 대화자간의 거래로 보는 것이 타당하다고 생각한다. 2020년 전자문서법의 개정으로 송신과 수신의 시점이 거의 일치하게 되었기 때문이다. 다만 전자문서의 효력발생시점에 관한 명문의 규정 즉 “전자문서를 이용한 의사표시는 작성자의 전자문서가 상대방인 수신자에게 수신된 때에 효력이 발생한다.”는 규정의 신설을 제안하였다. 1990년대 후반부터 제정된 여러 전자거래 관련 법률은 인공지능시대를 맞아 법규정의 개정이 필요한 시기가 도래했다고 생각한다. 1990년대의 정보처리시스템의 운영방식을 기반으로 이에 따른 법률 규정이 제정되었기 때문이다. 인공지능시스템은 기존의 정보처리시스템 및 법률 규정만으로는 설명할 수 없는 많은 법률문제를 내재하고 있다 할 것이다. 전자문서법의 규정 중 인공지능시대에 우선적으로 개정할 내용을 정리해봤으나, 이후 시대 변화에 따른 법률의 개정이 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다. Due to the development of computer systems using AI, It is said that the necessary time has come to discuss whether it is appropriate to apply the existing traditional civil law theory or to construct a theory to replace the traditional civil law theory when an intention is declared by using an AI computer system. In terms of the concept of an electronic document originator under the current “Framework Act on Electronic Documents And Transactions”, when an electronic document is originated by AI, the issue of who will be regarded as the originator of the electronic document may be raised. The originator of the electronic document is the subject of declaration of intent, but if AI is involved, a problem arises that it is improbable to determine exactly who the originator of the electronic document is. Basically, the person who originated and sent the electronic document becomes the subject of declaration of intent. However, if AI is in charge of originating and sending documents, it will be more difficult to determine who the subject of declaration of intent is. Recently, there is a strong opinion on granting legal personality to AI, but I believe that this opinion is an impossible argument without amending the current civil law. However, in order to prevent future problems in advance, this article proposes that the subject of the declaration of intention using AI and the subject of the effect of the declaration of intention is the person operating AI computer system. In other words, this paper proposes to establish a new provision stating that “the effect of an electronic document originated without a human specific judgment by using the information processing system belongs to the person who uses the information processing system for himself/herself.” There is no explicit provision regarding when the contract is made in the current “Framework Act on Electronic Documents And Transactions” but, there is only a concept of transmission and reception of electronic documents. Although there has been a discussion about whether transmission and reception in the Act are the same as the concept of sending and receiving under the Civil Act, because the concept has been changed into the similar meaning of sending and receiving under the Civil Act through the amendment of the “Framework Act on Electronic Documents And Transactions” in 2020, this paper proposes to use the term sending and receiving for the transmission and reception of the Act. In addition, the issue of whether electronic transactions is a trade between persons in distant places or trade between interlocutors is raised. I argue that it is reasonable to view electronic transactions as transactions between interlocutors because the timing of transmission and reception has almost coincided by the amendment of the Act in 2020. However, it is proposed to establish a stipulated provision on the time when an electronic document takes effect, that is, “an declaration of intention using an electronic document takes an effect when the electronic document of the originator is received by the other party, the recipient.” I believe that several electronic transaction-related legislations passed in the late 1990s need to be amended in the AI era. This is because the relevant laws in the 1990s were enacted based on the operation method of the information processing system at that time. It has been said that AI system has many legal problems that cannot be explained only by the existing information processing systems or legal systems. In this paper, among the provisions of the Framework Act on Electronic Documents And Transactions, the contents to be revised first in the age of AI have been summarized, but even after this amendment, the Act should be continuously amended according to the change of time.

지능정보사회에서 전자문서법의 과제

정진명 한국재산법학회 2022 재산법연구 Vol.38 No.4

The intelligent information society is shifting its socio-economic paradigm to a data economy in which the production, possession, and utilization of digital data determine the competitiveness of individuals, businesses, and countries. However, the biggest obstacle faced in the process of the intelligent information society's paradigm shift to the data economy is the production, possession, and utilization of digital data. For this goal, a policy to convert existing offline data into digital data is being attempted. The digital transformation of offline data is in line with the spread of electronic documents. The goal pursued by the Fourth Industrial Revolution is also to reduce human and material costs due to the production, distribution, and storage of paper documents and to develop new services through the use of electronic documents. However, in our society, efforts to convert paper documents into electronic documents have not paid off due to the existing legislation and business practices. Therefore, it is necessary to change the paradigm of the Electronic Documents Act in the direction of distribution and utilization of electronic documents, which is a key element of the intelligent information society. This study examines the current status of the Electronic Documents Act, which laid the legal foundation for actively utilizing electronic documents instead of paper documents. Based on this, I would like to examine the challenges and solutions faced by the Electronic Documents Act in the intelligent information society. 지능정보사회는 디지털 데이터의 생산과 보유 및 활용이 개인과 기업 및 국가의 경쟁력을 좌우하는 데이터 경제로 사회․경제적 패러다임을 전환하고 있다. 그러나 지능정보사회가 데이터 경제로 패러다임을 전환하는 과정에서 부닥치는 가장 큰 걸림돌은 디지털 데이터의 생산과 보유 및 활용이다. 이러한 목표를 달성하기 위해서 기존의 오프라인 데이터를 디지털 데이터로 전환하는 정책이 시도되고 있다. 오프라인 데이터의 디지털 전환은 전자문서의 확산과 궤를 같이한다. 종이문서의 생산과 유통 및 보관에 따른 인적․물적 비용의 절감과 전자문서의 활용을 통한 새로운 서비스 개발은 4차산업혁명이 추구하는 목표이기도 하다. 하지만 우리 사회는 기존의 법제도와 업무 관행으로 인하여 종이문서를 전자문서로 전환하기 위한 노력이 결실을 거두지 못하고 있다. 그러므로 지능정보사회의 핵심 요소인 전자문서의 유통과 활용이라는 방향으로 전자문서법의 패러다임을 전환할 필요가 있다. 이 연구는 정보통신기술의 발달에 따라 기존의 종이문서 대신 전자문서를 널리 활용할 수 있는 법적 기반을 마련한 전자문서법의 현황을 살펴본다. 이를 토대로 지능정보사회에 있어 전자문서법이 직면한 과제와 그 해결방안을 살펴보고자 한다.

전자문서 관련법령의 기업친화성 강화방안에 관한 연구

김현경(Kim, Hyun-Kyung) 성균관대학교 법학연구소 2012 성균관법학 Vol.24 No.1

A large number of documents generated and distributed by companies is being handled and electronically on the ground of information processing technology development. Electronic document are becoming important not only in terms of convenience and efficiency as well as the company's information resources management and utilization. However, the consumption of paper documents is still increasing and it shows that the face value of electronic document does not reflect on business practices. This unreasonableness is stemming from the legal limit based on paper document. The most basic prerequisition for companies to take advantage of electronic documents is that electronic documents should be able to be submitted to public or freely flowed in private in electronic form. In addition, there should be no uncertainty to acknowledge the validity of electronic document. This study suggests the following amendments of laws related to electronic document. First, it is necessary to prepare a plan on distribution of electronic douments beween the public and private. Most of the document-related activities done in corporate are made in accordance with the provisions of the law. Specifically, licensing, registration and documentation to be submitted to the public sector occupies a significant portion, and various documents should be supplied for confirmation to the public sector. This paper suggests the introduction of government electronic document storage. It needs legal basis for the establishment of the storage. Furthermore, for the convenience of citizens, the storage should be connected to the authorized electronic document provided in the Framework Act on Electronic Commerce Section 2 of Article 31. Second, legal basis for the activation of 'digitalized document' is necessary. Digitalized document has is a charateristic that the original paper documents exist separately. Thus, issues on the identity with the original paper, integrity in the process of creating digitalized documents, and authencity of the digitalized document itself can be discussed. Finally, ensuring consistency of relevant laws and regulations is required. When critical business documents are created in electronic form, the Commercial Code does not have special rules to apply and the Framework Act on Electronic Commerce applies. However, The annex of the Framework Act on Electronic Commerce Act does not comment 'the commercial books and the preservation of important documents on the business under Article 33 of the Commercial Code, the uncertainty exists. Clear legal basis for the storage of commercial documents are needed. If digitalized documents are the same as the original documents in its contents and forms, and meet the reliability requirements, particularly when the documents are notarized, it can be preferably considered that the original document is disposed.