팔당호 퇴적층 남조류의 군집과 남조류 성장잠재성 분석

김용진 ( Yong-jin Kim ),백준수 ( Jun-soo Baek ),윤석제 ( Seok-jea Youn ),김헌년 ( Hun-nyun Kim ),이병천 ( Byoung-cheun Lee ),김귀다 ( Guee Da Kim ),박송은 ( Song Eun Park ),유경아 ( Kyung A You ),이재관 ( Jae-kwan Lee ) 한국물환경학회 2016 한국물환경학회지 Vol.32 No.3

We analyzed cyanobacterial community including akinete, resting cell, and benthic cyanobacteria in sediment of Bukhan, Namhan-River, Paldang-Lake, and Kyeongan-Stream and compared the physicochemical factors for water and pore water. We also performed cyanobacteria growth potential test through incubating sediment. As a result of physicochemical analysis, the concentrations of nutrients were similar for each depth of Bukhan-River. For Namhan-River and Lake Paldang sites, the concentrations of TP and DTN in bottom and deep water had higher levels. DTN in water body composed of NO3-N(73%) while DTN in pore water composed of NH3-N(77.8%). Benthic cyanobacteria in the sediment such as Oscillatoria tenuis, O. limosa, Phormidium tenue, Pseudanabaena limnetica, and Lyngbya sp. were dominant (between 0.0~243.3×103 cells/g, w/w). Cell densities of cyanobacteria in sediment depth of 0~2 cm in most sites were higher compared to those in other depths. The cell density of cyanobacteria in sediment correlated with pH, conductivity, BOD5, TP, DTP, and chl. a. Increased phytoplankton and organic matters were found to be able to inhibit the growth of benthic cyanobacteria. Results of cyanobacteria growth potential test after incubating sediment revealed that harmful cyanobacteria (Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Microcystis, and Oscillatoria) appeared at 7 days post culturing. Base on these results, the methods used in this study are considered to be able to determine the appearance of harmful cyanobacteria.

cpcBA-Intergenic Spacer Region을 이용한 Cyanobacteria의 다양성 분석

최강국,박용하,안치용,배명숙,오희목,Choi Gang-Guk,Park Yong-Ha,Ahn Chi-Yong,Bae Myoung-Sook,Oh Hee-Mock 한국미생물학회 2005 미생물학회지 Vol.41 No.4

The cyanobacterial diversity was analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of PCR-amplified rpcBA-Intergenic Spacer (IGS) genes and cpcBA-IGS gene sequencing with a sample collected at Chuso-ri in Daechung Reservoir on March 15, 2005, The Shannon-Weiner diversity index was 0.65, indicating that the cyanobacterial community structure was simple. PCR-RFLP profiles obtained were Phormidium spp. (58 clones), Anabaena spp. (14 clones), Microcystis spp. (4 clones), Spirulina sp. (1 clone) and uncultured cyanobacteria (2 clones). The PCR-RFLP of cpcBA-IGS revealed that Phormidium spp. and Anabaena spp. dominated in the invested sample. As a consequence, it seems that the analysis of functional genes such as cpcBA-IGS can be used for the species identification and community analysis of cyanobacteria. 대청호에서 수화 발생이 빈번한 추소리 수역에서 2005년 3월 15일에 채취한 시료를 대상으로 유전자 분식에 의한 cyanobacteria의 다양성을 조사하였다. rpcBA-Intergenic Spacer (IGS)는 cyanobacteria에 특징적 색소인 phycocyanin을 합성하는 유전자와 유전자 사이의 부분으로, 환경시료에서 cyanobacteria의 다양성을 조사하기에 매우 유용한 기능 유전자이다. cpcBA-IGS를 이용하여 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RELP)으로 cyanobacteria의 다양성을 분석한 결과 Phomidium 속은 58 clones, Anabaena 속은 14 clones, Microcyxtis 속은 4 clones, Spirulina 속은 1 clone 그리고 uncultured cyanobacteria 2 clones가 존재하였다. 전반적으로 Phormidium 속이 우점하였으며, 여름철에 수화를 일으키는 Anabaena 속과 Microcystis 속도 많이 분포하였다. 따라서 cyanobacteria는 cpcBA-IGS와 같은 기능 유전자에 의한 종 동정 및 군집분석이 가능함을 보였다.

Impacts of Ultraviolet-B Radiation on Rice-Field Cyanobacteria

Sinha, Rajeshwar P.,Hader, Donat-P. Korean Society of Photoscience 2002 Journal of Photosciences Vol.9 No.2

Cyanobacteria are the dominant micro flora in rice-fields, contributing significantly to fertility as a natural biofertilizer. Recent studies show a continuous depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer, and the consequent increase in solar UV-B (280-315 nm) radiation reaching the Earth's surface. UV-B radiation causes reduction in growth, survival, protein content, heterocyst frequency and fixation of carbon and nitrogen in many cyanobacteria. UV -B induced bleaching of pigments, disassembly of phycobilisomal complexes, thymine dimer formation and alterations in membrane permeability have also been encounterd in a number of cyanobacteria. However, certain cyanobacteria produce photoprotective compounds such as water soluble colorless mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) and the lipid soluble yellow-brown colored sheath pigment, scytonemin, to counteract the damaging effects of UV-B. Cyanobacteria, such as Anabaena sp., Nostoc commune, Scytonema sp. and Lyngbya sp. were isolated from rice fields and other habitats in India and screened for the presence of photoprotective compounds. A circadian induction of the synthesis of MAAs by UV -B was noted in a number of cyanobacteria. Polychromatic action spectra for the induction of MAAs in Anabaena sp. and Nostoc commune also show the induction to be UV-B dependent peaking at 290 nm. Another photoprotective compound, scytonemin, with an absorption maximum at 386 nm (also absorbs at 300, 278, 252 and 212 nm), was detected in many cyanobacteria. In conclusion, a particular cyanobacterium having photoprotective compounds may be a potent candidate as biofertilizer for crop plants.

의암호와 공지천 하류에서 남조류와 냄새물질의 발생 특징

윤석제,임종권,변명섭,유순주 한국물환경학회 2019 한국물환경학회지 Vol.35 No.2

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the biomass of cyanobacteria and the concentration of 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) in the lower Gongji stream. The investigation was done using a field study that was conducted from 2015 to 2017. The 2-MIB concentration in the lower Gongji stream ranged from 0 to 153 ng/L, while the upper stream had 0 2-MIB concentration. 3 genera (Oscillatoria, Phormidium, Pseudanabaena) of cyanobacteria were detected in the lower Gongji stream with 2-MIB concentration. Among these 3 genera, an increase in Phormidium, Pseudanabaena biomass was associated with an increase in 2-MIB concentration. Accordingly, Phormidium, Pseudanabaena were regarded as the biological source of 2-MIB in that area. In October 2017, although planktonic cyanobacteria occurred less frequently, many benthic cyanobacteria mats were observed on the surface of the water body. Therefore, the high 2-MIB concentration, which exceeded 110 ng/L, can likely be attributed to the benthic cyanobacteria. In a laboratory experiment, individual Oscillatoria filaments were aggregated to form a colony with a higher density. This colony tended to float on the water surface. Cyanobacteria mats after floating aggregated mats were distributed in a net shape on the bottom.

랜덤포레스트를 이용한 낙동강 본류의 남조류 발생 영향인자 분석

정우석(Jung, Woo Suk),김성은(Kim, Sung Eun),김영도(Kim, Young Do) 한국습지학회 2021 한국습지학회지 Vol.23 No.1

본 연구에서는 랜덤포레스트를 이용하여 8개 보 지점별 남조류 발생 주요 영향인자를 도출하고, 조류경보제 기반의범주형 예측모델을 개발하였다. 8개 보 지점의 랜덤포레스트의 변수 중요도를 살펴본 결과, 상류의 보 지점들은 남조류 발생에 있어 보 운영에 따른 영향을 직접적으로 받는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 효율적인 보 운영을 통한 남조류 관리가 가능할 수 있다는 것을 의미한다. 중류 구간은 DO와 E.C가 주요 영향인자로 도출되었다. 공간적으로 구미와 김천에 대규모 산업공단들이 밀집되어 있으며, 환경기초시설의 배출량이 큰 영향을 끼치는 구간이다. 따라서 폭염 및 가뭄 시기에 중류 유역에서 배출되는 환경기초시설의 방류는 본류의 E.C를 증가하게 하고 남조류 발생을 촉진 시키는것으로 나타났다. 중·하류에 위치한 보 지점들은 폭염 및 가뭄의 영향을 가장 많이 받는 지역으로 여름철 가뭄에 따른남조류 대발생에 대비하여 선제적인 관리가 필요한 지점으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 지점별 남조류 발생 영향인자를 도출하였으며, 맞춤형 조류관리를 위한 정책적 의사결정의 기초자료로 제공될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. In this study, the main influencing factors of the occurrence of cyanobacteria at each of the eight Multifunctional weirs were derived using a random forest, and a categorical prediction model based on a Algal bloom warning system was developed. As a result of examining the importance of variables in the random forest, it was found that the upstream points were directly affected by weir operation during the occurrence of cyanobacteria. This means that cyanobacteria can be managed through efficient security management. DO and E.C were indicated as major influencers in midstream. The midstream section is a section where large-scale industrial complexes such as Gumi and Gimcheon are concentrated as well as the emissions of basic environmental facilities have a great influence. During the period of heatwave and drought, E.C increases along with the discharge of environmental facilities discharged from the basin, which promotes the outbreak of cyanobacteria. Those monitoring sites located in the middle and lower streams are areas that are most affected by heat waves and droughts, and therefore require preemptive management in preparation for the outbreak of cyanobacteria caused by drought in summer. Through this study, the characteristics of cyanobacteria at each point were analyzed. It can provide basic data for policy decision-making for customized cyanobacteria management

Phycocyanin locus내의 DNA Polymorphism에 의한 한국산 Cyanobacteria의 유전적 다양성

박진숙,권주리,유순애 한국미생물학회 2000 미생물학회지 Vol.36 No.4

Cyanobacteria의 광합성 보조색소인 phycocyanin의 PC operon(cpc gene)을 PCR로 증폭하고, 제한효소로 처리하여 RFLP pattern을 비교하였다. Intergenic spacer sequence를 포함한 cpc gene은 실험에 사용한 cyanobacteria 균주 모두에게 증폭되었으며, 산물의 size는 약 700 bp였다. PCR산물을 5종의 제한효소로 처리한 결과 AluI, MspI, HaeIII는 같은 속내으ㅐ 균주간에 동일한 pattern을 나타내어 속 구분이 가능하였으며 CfoI은 Anabeana와 Synechocystis속의 균주간에 구별되는 양상을 나타내어 속내 균주 구별에 유용하였다. Restriction enzyme profile에 의한 phenogram에서 Anabeana, Chlorogloea, Synechyhocystis는 각각 하나의 cluster를 형성하여 cyanobacteria의 분류에 PC-IGS의 RFLP pattern이 유용함을 알 수 있었다. The genetic diversity among Korean cyanobacteria was assessed by restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) analysis of PCR products from the phycocyanin locus. Strains of all the genera tested were successfully amplified, and the size of amplified fragments was approximately 700bp. The restriction patterns generated by AluI, MspI, and HaeIII were conserved for strains within each of genera studied and were specific to the genus level. Intrageneric delineation of strains was revealed by the enzyme, CfoI for members of genera Anabeana and Synechocystis. Phenogram derived from the different RFLP patterns revealed a coherent cluster among Anabeana, Chlorogloea, and Synechocystis strains. PC-RFLP methods provided useful tools for classification of cyanobacteria.

영천호에서 남조류 발생과 환경요인의 관련성 연구

이현미,신라영,이정호,박종근 한국물환경학회 2019 한국물환경학회지 Vol.35 No.4

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics and correlations of the Yeongcheon Lake in order to reduce the occurrence of harmful cyanobacteria. In this study, we investigated the water quality and phytoplankton of thelake from May to November in 2017. Correlation and data mining analyseswere performed to analyze the relationship between the two factors. The water temperature was lowest at the point where the Yeongcheon Lake inflow occurs at Imha Lake. It was highest at the point where the outflow occurs to Angye Lake. The pH was also highest at the outflow point, but in the case of DO, it was highest at the midpoint between the inflow and outflow. The main cyanobacteria that emerged during the study period were Oscillatorialimosa, Microcysti saeruginosa and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. As a result of correlation analysis, the water temperature, inflow, COD loading, TOC loading at the inflow point of the Yeongcheon Lake were the items that were related to the harmful cyanobacteria. The data mining analysis indicated that the TP loading and harmful cyanobacteria in the inflow point of the Yeongcheon Lake were influential on the detrimental cyanobacteria in the Yeongcheon Lake outflow point. When the TP loading was less than 39.0 kg/day at the inflow site, it wasexpected that the amount of harmful cyanobacteria could be maintained below 10,000 cells/mL.

의사결정나무를 이용한 낙동강 본류 구간의 남조류 발생특성 연구

정우석,조부건,김영도,김성은 한국습지학회 2019 한국습지학회지 Vol.21 No.4

The occurrence of cyanobacteria causes problems such as oxygen depletion and increase of organic matter in the water body due to mass prosperity and death. Each year, Algae bloom warning System is issued due to the effects of summer heat and drought. It is necessary to quantitatively characterize the occurrence of cyanobacteria for proactive green algae management in the main Nakdong river. In this study, we analyzed the major influencing factors on cyanobacteria bloom using visualization and correlation analysis. A decision tree, a machine learning method, was used to quantitatively analyze the conditions of cyanobacteria according to the influence factors. In all the weirs, meteorological factors, temperature and SPI drought index, were significantly correlated with cyanobacterial cell number. Increasing the number of days of heat wave and drought block the mixing of water in the water body and the stratification phenomenon to promote the development of cyanobacteria. In the long term, it is necessary to proactively manage cyanobacteria considering the meteorological impacts. 남조류의 대발생은 대량 번성 및 사멸에 따라 수체 내 산소 고갈 및 유기물 증가와 같은 문제를 야기하고 있다. 매년 여름철폭염 및 가뭄의 영향으로 조류대경보가 발령되고 있으며, 낙동강 본류 구간의 선제적 녹조관리를 위해 남조류 발생특성을 정량적으로 규명할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 시각화 분석 및 상관관계 분석을 이용한 남조류 발생 주요 영향인자 분석과더불어 머신러닝 기법인 의사결정나무를 이용하여 영향인자에 따른 남조류 발생조건을 정량적으로 분석하였다. 8개 보 모든지점에서 기상학적 요인인 기온과 SPI 가뭄지수는 남조류 세포수와 유의한 상관관계 특성을 보였다. 이는 폭염일수 증가 및가뭄에 따른 수체 내 물의 혼합 차단 및 성층현상이 지속되어 남조류 발생을 촉진시키는 것으로 보여지며, 장기적으로 기상학적 영향을 고려한 남조류 발생의 선제적 관리도 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

한강유역 조류경보제에 남조류 우점 예측인자 도입에 관한 연구

김태균(Tae Kyun Kim),최재호(Jae Ho Choi),이경주(Kyung Ju Lee),김영배(Young Bae Kim),유성종(Sung Jong Yu) 大韓環境工學會 2014 대한환경공학회지 Vol.36 No.5

한강유역 조류경보제의 클로로필-a 농도는 남조류의 우점을 예측할 수 없어 본 연구에서는 남조류 개체수에 영향을미치는 환경인자를 분석하여 남조류 우점 예측인자를 제시하였다. 2012년 1월~2013년 9월까지 하천의 계절변화에 따른 조류의 우점종을 분석한 결과, 저수온기인 1~4월에는 규조류, 5~6월에는 녹조류, 7~8월에는 남조류가 우점하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 남조류 개체수 증감에 영향을 미치는 영양염류(TN, TP), 기온, 강수량, 댐 방류량과의 상관성을 분석한 결과, 기온보다는 낮은 댐 방류량으로 댐 내의 체류시간이 길어져 남조류 개체수가 급속히 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 남조류 개체수와 TN:TP 농도 비를 분석한 결과 TN:TP 농도 비가 29 이하로 낮아질 때 남조류가 우점하는 것으로 분석되어 한강유역조류경보제에 남조류 우점 예측인자인 TN:TP 농도 비를 도입할 필요가 있다. The chlorophyll-a concentration in algae bloom warning system of Hangang basin did not predict the cyanobacteriadominance. In this study, suggest the predicting indicator of cyanobacteria dominance through analyzing the environmental factorsaffecting on the cell count of cyanobacteria. Firstly, the dominance of algae was analyzed with seasonal variation during Jan. 2012~Sep. 2013. The diatom dominated phytoplankton communities during the period of January~April. In the May~June, the green algaedominated. And, the dominance of algae was changed to cyanobacteria in the July~August. Also, the environmental factors affectingto cyanobacteria blooms ; nutrients (TN, TP), temperature, precipitation, dam-discharge were evaluated during the study period. Rather than temperature factor, relatively low dam discharge causes cyanobacteria to grow rapidly and create a blooms. The lowdam-discharge may increase the water retention time. Finally, it is proved that a low ratio of TN to TP (<29:1) can favour thedevelopment of cyanobacteria blooms. Thus, the predicting indicator (TN:TP) have need to apply to the alarm bloom warningsystem of Hangang basin.

Photosynthetic Conversion of CO₂ to the Calorie-free Sweetener Precursor, Ent-kaurenoic Acid Using Engineered Cyanobacteria

Sung Cheon KO,Han Min WOO 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10

Metabolic engineering of cyanobacteria has received attention as a sustainable strategy to convert carbon dioxide to fatty acid-derived chemicals that are widely used in the food and chemical industries. Here we report a complete biosynthesis of ent-kaurene (ent-KN), ent-kaurenoic acid (ent-KA) from CO₂ in engineered cyanobacteria toward diterpenoids production of the calorie-free sweetener. To synthesize ent-KN, we designed the diterpene synthetic module (DS module) that a prenyl phosphate converts kaurene into the engineered cyanobacteria (the OverMEP modules) in which the methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway was optimized to increase the precursors either farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) or geranylgernaly pyrophosphate (GGPP) from CO₂. ent-KN were detected in the cell extracts and medium by LC-MS. Next, we set out to produce ent-KA from ent-KN by reconstituting the cytochrome P450 module (CP module). Engineered S. elongatus PCC 7942 produced 2.9 ± 0.01 ㎎ L-1 ent-KA directly from CO₂, respectively. This study is the first report of photosynthetic production of ent-kaurenoic acid from CO₂ in cyanobacteria.