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변명섭 한국언어연구학회 2000 언어학연구 Vol.5 No.-
This paper reviews the brief history of language policies of the Korean government on the romanization of Korean and discusses the controversial areas of both the old system (i.e., the 1984 version of the MOE system, based on the McCune-Reischauer system) and the new system, which was adopted in July, 2000. Either of the two different systems is inherently fallible for the romanization of Korean. They both have merits and drawbacks. In light of this, what should be regarded as most crucial in determining which system is preferable is not the linguistic perfection of the system, but rather the attitude of the users to the system in real life.
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변명섭 한국언어연구학회 1999 언어학연구 Vol.4 No.-
Difficulties of understanding in intercultural circumstances are often cultural as much as, or more than, linguistic in nature. Effective intercultural communication requires not only a good competence in the target culture involved but also a good awareness of the components of miscommunication in different cultural contexts. Cultural barriers to language learning are highly variable and differ across cultures. In Korean EFL context, principal elements of intercultural miscommunication or conflict involve cultural differences and presuppositions in (1) collectivistic and individualistic value dimensions, (2) high-context (nonoral) and low-context (oral) communication patterns, (3) polychronic and monochronic time patterns. In dealing with the content and approaches of intercultural communication competence in Korean EFL context, it is necessary to incorporate such target areas of intercultural miscommunication or conflict, as well as intercultural communication skills, into a cultural awareness program or training.
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변명섭 미래영어영문학회 2015 영어영문학 Vol.20 No.1
An important claim of this paper is that there are no absolute criteria of language policy and planning, because of the complexities of the issues which involve the sociology of language. In particular, the issues involving the position or status of Jeju dialect have the similar complexities which need to be resolved in the fields of academic and social domains. In general, minority language groups adopt one of several policy options in respect of the status of their languages or dialects. One aspect of language planning is to declare their language or dialect as a national/official language, establishing linguistic rights. Another choice is to maintain their language or dialect by actively using and promoting it in a de facto diglossic situation, in which members of minority languages maintain their languages across generations, thus facing no threat of language loss. In this case, viable speech communities continue to be maintained, keeping the language loss postponed. The third option is to allow their language or dialect to proceed to linguistic continuum, in which members of minority languages lose their language after several generations, ultimately resulting in language loss. In this case, the influence of standard languages of majority groups entail the marginalization (or endangerment) and eventual loss of minority languages or dialects. The three different choices mentioned above can also be applied to the discussion of the position or status of Jeju dialect. Giving examples of language situations relevant to such three cases across the world, this paper provides some sociolinguistic implications to be responsible for dealing with the position of Jeju dialect, addressing some issues of acquisition or literacy planning that fall within linguistic rights or revitalization in general.
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동시 증착 스퍼터링 공정에 의해 증착된 Pd-barium zirconate membrane의 구조분석
변명섭,강은태,조우석,김진호,황광택,Byeon, Myeong-Seop,Kang, Eun-Tae,Cho, Woo-Seok,Kim, Jin-Ho,Hwang, Kwang-Taek 한국결정성장학회 2012 한국결정성장학회지 Vol.22 No.1
Barium zirconate exhibits good thermo-chemical stability and proton conduction at high temperatures, but shows poor electron conductivity. Therefore, for high efficiency of hydrogen separation, a very thin and dense Pd-Barium zirconate membrane has to be coated on a porous substrate. A thin and dense Pd-Barium zirconate membrane was successfully synthesized on a porous substrate by means of dual sputtering method. The structural and chemical features of the $BaZr_{0.85}Y_{0.15}O_{3-{\delta}}$ membranes sputtered at $300^{\circ}C$ and $400^{\circ}C$ were investigated by X-ray diffractometry, and it was found that a well-crystallized membrane, Pm-3m space group of $BaZrO_3$, was synthesized. The surface and cross-sectional morphologies of membrane were assessed by SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and TEM(transmission electron microscopy) of the surface and of cross sections. The cross sectional observation of Pd-$BaZr_{0.85}Y_{0.15}O_{3-{\delta}}$ membrane by dual sputtering shows that the coating is quite dense with columnar structure.
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변명섭 미래영어영문학회 2014 영어영문학 Vol.19 No.1
The term dialect refers to a variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers. Any variety of a language constitutes "a dialect", including any standard varieties. There are no firm criteria for deciding whether one is dealing with two dialects of one language, or two different languages. Non-linguistic factors play a role in determining the difference between languages and dialects. The distinction is therefore subjective and depends on the language policies of the users. Standard English is, in this sense, a language, and its varieties or dialects are considered to be socially subordinated to national standard language. Today, as a result of the global spread of English, there exist a number of English varieties, sub-standard English, or New Englishes in the world, particularly in the Outer Circle of English. I suggest that the direction of language policies treat these New Englishes, the second-language varieties of English, as autonomous Englishes, not subordinated to British or American Standard English, as they reflect the genetic principle of language universals, historical and social forces, covert prestige and local solidarity, markers of identity, and linguistic rights of a particular group of the language's speakers.
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