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( Thuong T. T. Nguyen ),( Young-joon Choi ),( Hyang Burm Lee ) 한국균학회 2017 Mycobiology Vol.45 No.4
In a survey of undiscovered taxa in Korea, three zygomycete fungal strains-EML-W31, EML-HGD1-1, and EML-RUS1-1-were isolated from freshwater, grasshopper fecal, and soil samples in Korea. On the basis of the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of internal transcribed spacer and 28S rDNA, the isolates of EML-W31, EML-HGD1-1, and EML-RUS1-1 were confirmed to be Cunninghamella bertholletiae, Cunninghamella echinulata, and Cunninghamella elegans, respectively. These species have not been previously described in Korea.
Cunninghamella 속에 의해 발생한 다발성 원발성피부털진균증 1예
강정난,김도형,박소희,설정은,김효진,신정환 대한의진균학회 2016 대한의진균학회지 Vol.21 No.4
A 71-year-old female presented with erythematous ulcerative patches on her right cheek, chest and right upper arm. She admitted to neurosurgery intensive care unit (NSICU) with mental change related to intracerebral hemorrhage. She had no underlying disease. Histopathologic examination of her right upper arm showed multiple non-septated broad hyphae with right-angled branching in dermis. She was diagnosed as primary cutaneous mucormycosis. The fungal culture demonstrated Cunninghamella species. We postulated that mucormycosis occurred after inoculation of fungi following fall down trauma. Mucormycosis, which commonly affects immunocompromised patient, is a rare fungal infection caused by the order Mucorales. Cutaneous mucormycosis is caused either by direct inoculation of fungal spores or by hematologic spread from another primary source. Clinical manifestations are various from indolent ulceration to rapidly progressive necrosis. Mucormycosis can be diagnosed based on the histologic findings and the fungal culture. Mucormycosis by Cunninghamella species have been increasingly reported, but most of them are pulmonary mucormycosis in immunocompromised patients. Herein, we report a rare case of multiple primary cutaneous mucormycosis caused by Cunninghamella species in a patient without underlying disease.
이혜리,Eenhye Kim,신용호,이종화,허호길,김정한 한국응용생명화학회 2016 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.59 No.1
This study was performed to investigate the formation of microbial metabolites from cyazofamid by the soil fungus Cunninghamella elegans. The incubation of cyazofamid with C. elegans was conducted for 10 days. Cyazofamid disappeared after 7 days of incubation, producing three metabolites. Metabolites identified by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry were 4-chloro-5-(4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-imidazole-2-carbonitrile (CHCN), 4-(4-chloro-2-cyanoimidazole-5- yl)benzoic acid (CCBA) and 4-chloro-2-cyano-5-(4-(hydroxymethyl) phenyl)N,N-dimethyl-1H-imidazole-1-sulfonamide (CCHS). A new metabolite, CCHS, was further confirmed by 1H-13C HSQC (heteronuclear single-quantum correlation) using nuclear magnetic resonance. As a possible metabolic pathway, cyazofamid could be oxidized to CCHS, degraded to CHCN and further oxidized to CCBA. The metabolic system of C. elegans would be a powerful tool for predicting and identifying phase I metabolites that could be formed in mammalian systems.
Metabolism of an Insecticide Fenitrothion by <i>Cunninghamella elegans</i> ATCC36112
Zhu, Yong-Zhe,Fu, Min,Jeong, In-Hong,Kim, Jeong-Han,Zhang, Chuan-Jie American Chemical Society 2017 Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol.65 No.49
<P>In this study, the detailed metabolic pathways of fenitrothion (FNT), an organophosphorus insecticide by <I>Cunninghamella elegans</I>, were investigated. Approximately 81% of FNT was degraded within 5 days after treatment with concomitant accumulation of four metabolites (M1–M4). The four metabolites were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography, and their structures were identified by mass spectroscopy and/or nuclear magnetic resonance. M3 is confirmed to be an initial precursor of others and identified as fenitrothion-oxon. On the basis of their metabolic profiling, the possible metabolic pathways involved in phase I and II metabolism of FNT by <I>C. elegans</I> was proposed. We also found that <I>C. elegans</I> was able to efficiently and rapidly degrade other organophosphorus pesticides (OPs). Thus, these results will provide insight into understanding of the fungal degradation of FNT and the potential application for bioremediation of OPs. Furthermore, the ability of <I>C. elegans</I> to mimic mammalian metabolism would help us elucidate the metabolic fates of organic compounds occurring in mammalian liver cells and evaluate their toxicity and potential adverse effects.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jafcau/2017/jafcau.2017.65.issue-49/acs.jafc.7b04273/production/images/medium/jf-2017-04273g_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jf7b04273'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Biotransformation of Isoflavones by Aspergillus niger and Cunninghamella elegans
이지호,오은태,천세철,금영수 한국응용생명화학회 2014 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.57 No.4
Isoflavones are well-known flavonoids in many Legumes. Numerous biological activities are reported, including antioxidant,anti-inflamatory, anti-cancer, and antifungal activities. Their metabolicfates of natural isoflavones were studied in mammalians andseveral microorganisms. However, no detailed analyses have beenreported on the isoflavone and its synthetic analogues. Recently,application of microorganism on natural products bioconversionhas gained strong attentions due to their advantages over plantsand animals. The metabolism of isoflavone and 4'-fluoroisoflavonewere tested with Aspergillus niger and Cunninghamella elegans. The structures of selected metabolites were confirmed bysynthetic standards. Both fungi rapidly transformed isoflavoneinto several metabolites. The half-lives of isoflavone (40 mg/L)were 1.6 and 4.2 days for A. niger and C. elegans, respectively. Overall, A. niger gave much more complex metabolite profiles. Approximately 23 metabolites were tentatively identified. Themajor metabolites were mono- and di-hydroxylated isoflavones atinitial period, whereas those of 10 days were di- and tri-hydroxyisoflavones. Hydroxylation usually occurred in B-ring of isoflavone,confirmed by authentic standards. Among dihydroxyisoflavones,3',4'-dihydroxy analogue was the most abundant metabolite,followed by daidzein (4',7'-dihydroxyisoflavone). Methoxylatedmetabolites slowly accumulated during culturing. In addition,several glycosides were found, including hexose conjugates ofmono-/di-hydroxyisoflavone and minor amount of pentoseconjugates during culturing. However, 4'-fluoroisoflavone was nottransformed during the culturing period, indicating the regionselectivehydroxylation on initial metabolism of isoflavones.
Biotransformation of Isoflavones by Aspergillus niger and Cunninghamella elegans
Lee, Ji-Ho,Oh, Eun-Tae,Chun, Se-Chul,Keum, Young-Soo The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2014 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.57 No.4
Isoflavones are well-known flavonoids in many Legumes. Numerous biological activities are reported, including antioxidant, anti-inflamatory, anti-cancer, and antifungal activities. Their metabolic fates of natural isoflavones were studied in mammalians and several microorganisms. However, no detailed analyses have been reported on the isoflavone and its synthetic analogues. Recently, application of microorganism on natural products bioconversion has gained strong attentions due to their advantages over plants and animals. The metabolism of isoflavone and 4'-fluoroisoflavone were tested with Aspergillus niger and Cunninghamella elegans. The structures of selected metabolites were confirmed by synthetic standards. Both fungi rapidly transformed isoflavone into several metabolites. The half-lives of isoflavone (40 mg/L) were 1.6 and 4.2 days for A. niger and C. elegans, respectively. Overall, A. niger gave much more complex metabolite profiles. Approximately 23 metabolites were tentatively identified. The major metabolites were mono- and di-hydroxylated isoflavones at initial period, whereas those of 10 days were di- and tri-hydroxyisoflavones. Hydroxylation usually occurred in B-ring of isoflavone, confirmed by authentic standards. Among dihydroxyisoflavones, 3',4'-dihydroxy analogue was the most abundant metabolite, followed by daidzein (4',7'-dihydroxyisoflavone). Methoxylated metabolites slowly accumulated during culturing. In addition, several glycosides were found, including hexose conjugates of mono-/di-hydroxyisoflavone and minor amount of pentose conjugates during culturing. However, 4'-fluoroisoflavone was not transformed during the culturing period, indicating the region-selective hydroxylation on initial metabolism of isoflavones.
Microbial Transformation of Two Prenylated Naringenins
한부박,이익수 한국생약학회 2017 Natural Product Sciences Vol.23 No.4
Microbial transformation of (?)-6-(1,1-dimethylallyl)naringenin (6-DMAN, 1) and (?)-5-(O-prenyl) naringenin-4',7-diacetate (5-O-PN, 2) was performed by using fungi. Scale-up fermentation studies with Mucor hiemalis, Cunninghamella elegans var. elegans, and Penicillium chrysogenum led to the isolation of five microbial metabolites. Chemical structures of the metabolites were determined by spectral analyses as (?)-8-prenylnaringenin (3), (2S)-5,4'-dihydroxy-7,8-[(R)-2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-2,3-dihydrofurano]flavanone (4), (?)-5-(O-prenyl)naringenin-4'-acetate (5), (?)-naringenin-4'-acetate (6), and (?)-naringenin (7), of which 5 was identified as a new compound.