Chryseobacterium paludis sp. nov. and Chryseobacterium foetidum sp. nov. Isolated from the Aquatic Environment, South Korea

Kim Miryung,Kim Yong-Seok,차창준 한국미생물학회 2023 The journal of microbiology Vol.61 No.1

Two novel bacterial species CJ51T and CJ63T belonging to the genus Chryseobacterium were isolated from the Upo wetland and the Han River, South Korea, respectively. Cells of these strains were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rodshaped, and catalase- and oxidase-positive. Both strains were shown to grow optimally at 30 °C and pH 7 in the absence of NaCl on tryptic soy agar. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains CJ51T and CJ63T belonged to the genus Chryseobacterium and were most closely related to Chryseobacterium piperi CTMT and Chryseobacterium piscicola VQ-6316sT with 98.47% and 98.46% 16S rRNA sequence similarities, respectively. The average nucleotide identity values of strains CJ51T and CJ63T with its closely related type strains Chryseobacterium piperi CTMT and Chryseobacterium piscicola VQ-6316sT were 81.9% and 82.1%, respectively. The major fatty acids of strains CJ51T and CJ63T were iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 3-OH and summed feature 9 ( C16:0 10-methyl and/or iso-C17:1ω9c). Menaquinone 6 (MK-6) was identified as the primary respiratory quinone in both strains. The major polar lipids of strains CJ51T and CJ63T were phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified amino lipids and lipids. Based on polyphasic taxonomy data, strains CJ51T and CJ63T represent novel species of the genus Chryseobacterium, for which names Chryseobacterium paludis sp. nov. and Chryseobacterium foetidum sp. nov. are proposed respectively. The type strains are CJ51T (= KACC 22749T = JCM 35632T) and CJ63T (= KACC 22750T = JCM 35633T).

복막투석 환자에서 발생한 Chryseobacterium meningosepticum 복막염 1예

구향모 ( Hyang Mo Koo ),도화미 ( Fa Mee Doh ),김은진 ( Eun Jin Kim ),강이화 ( Ea Wha Kang ),신석균 ( Suk Kyun Shin ),장태익 ( Tae Ik Chang ) 대한신장학회 2011 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.30 No.3

Chryseobacterium meningosepticum is rarely encountered as a pathogen causing peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. We report a case of peritonitis due to Chryseobacterium meningosepticum, which was treated successfully with intraperitoneal (IP) vancomycin and ciprofloxacin, and without PD catheter removal. Peritonitis was developed in a 53-year-old PD patient on the third hospital day. Although empirical IP treatment with cefazolin and tobramycin was initiated and maintained for 3 days, the fever and signs of peritonitis persisted. Antibiotics were changed to cefoperazone/sulbactam, amikacin, and vancomycin due to clinical deterioration. After 3 days of vancomycin use, leukocyte count in PD fluid was less than 100/mm3 and the patient became asymptomatic. On seventh day after the onset of peritonitis, Chryseobacterium meningosepticum was isolated from initial dialysate sample, and this strain was susceptible to ciprofloxacin, piperacillin, and piperacillin/tazobactam. Accordingly, we changed the antibiotics to ciprofloxacin and vancomycin, which were given for the total of 14 days. Even though Chryseobacterium meningosepticum is an uncommon causative organism of peritonitis in PD patients, this report suggests that vancomycin and ciprofloxacin are effective as empiric therapy, and early suspicion and appropriate antimicrobial therapy are crucial to the successful treatment of peritonitis due to Chryseobacterium meningosepticum without catheter removal.

Chryseobacterium sp. JK1이 분비하는 세포외 단백질분해효소 특성

이유경,오지성,노동현,Lee, Yu-Kyong,Oh, Ji-Sung,Roh, Dong-Hyun 한국미생물학회 2013 미생물학회지 Vol.49 No.1

이전의 연구에서 토양으로부터 많은 양의 세포외 단백질분해 효소를 생산하는 신종 중온세균 Chryseobacterium sp. JK1를 분리하였다. 이 균주가 생산하는 단백질 분해효소의 특성조사 결과 최적반응온도와 pH는 각각 $40^{\circ}C$와 7.0이였으며, 좁은 최적온도 구간과 비교적 넓은 pH 구간인 pH 6.0-9.0에서 높은 활성을 보여주었다. 그리고 단백질 분해효소는 EDTA 또는 EGTA, PMSF와 금속이온 $Ag^+$ 또는 $Cu^{2+}$의 첨가에 의해 강하게 저해 되었으며, $Al^{3+}$의 첨가에 의해 약하게 저해되었다. Pepstatin과 금 속이온 $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Na^+$, $Fe^{2+}$ 또는 $Mg^{2+}$의 첨가는 저해에 큰 영향을 주지 않았다. 이와 반대로 단백질분해효소는 이가 금속이온인 $Mn^{2+}$ (5 mM)의 첨가에 의해 효소활성이 향상되었다. 농축된 배양 상등액의 활성염색 분석으로 67과 145 kDa 크기의 주요 밴드 두 개가 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과들로 Chryseobacterium sp. JK1 균주가 식품산업에 응용 가능한 세포외 중성의 serine 단백질 분해효소를 생산한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. A novel Chryseobacterium sp. JK1 strain isolated from soil had been reported that this isolate produced large amount of extracellular protease at mesophilic temperature in previous study. The optimal temperature and pH of extracellular protease were $40^{\circ}C$ and 7.0, respectively, showing narrow range of optimal temperature and relatively broad activity from pH 6.0 to 9.0. In addition, the protease showed greatest activity against skim milk and lowest against bovine serum albumin (BSA). The protease strongly inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) or phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), and addition of cation $Ag^+$ or $Cu^{2+}$, and slightly inhibited by $Al^{3+}$. No significant inhibition was found with pepstatin, and addition of cation, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Na^+$, $Fe^{2+}$ or $Mg^{2+}$. On the contrary, protease was enhanced by addition of divalent cation $Mn^{2+}$ (5 mM). Zymography analysis of concentrated culture supernatant revealed two major bands at 67 and 145 kDa. These results suggest that Chryseobacterium sp. JK1 strain produced extracellular neutral serine proteases which could apply in food industry.

감염 ; Chryseobacterium meningosepticum에 의한 지역사회 획득 폐렴 및 패혈증 1예

김성준 ( Sung Jun Kim ),이승민 ( Seung Min Lee ),박소연 ( So Yeon Park ),류성호 ( Sung Ho Ryu ),박용범 ( Yong Bum Park ),엄중식 ( Joong Sik Eom ),이진서 ( Jin Seo Lee ) 대한내과학회 2010 대한내과학회지 Vol.79 No.4

Chryseobacterium meningosepticum는 호기성 그람음성 간균으로서 주로 신생아나 면역저하자에서의 기회감염을 일으키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 국내에서 C. meningosepticum 감염이 평소 특별한 의학적 문제가 없던 성인의 지역사회 획득 폐렴 형태로 보고된 사례가 없고, C. meningosepticum이 그람음성균에 사용하는 대부분의 항생제에 내성을 가지고 있으며 아직까지 명확한 치료 지침이 없어 환자의 초기 치료가 늦어지고, 나쁜 예후를 초래할 수 있다. 본 저자들은 과거 폐결핵에 의한 폐기종 및 기관지확장증을 가진 성인에서 나타난 C. meningosepticum에 의한 중증의 지역사회 획득폐렴을 경험하고 성공적으로 치료하여 이를 보고한다. Chryseobacterium meningosepticum is a ubiquitous Gram-negative rod widely distributed in natural and hospital environments. It mostly causes meningitis in premature and newborn infants. Few such cases have been reported in Korea, and no case of community-acquired pneumonia caused by Chryseobacterium meningosepticum. A 53-year-old man was brought to the emergency department because of severe pneumonia. We report a case of community-acquired pneumonia and sepsis caused by Chryseobacterium meningosepticum. (Korean J Med 79:453-456, 2010)

Chryseobacterium 속 신종세균 JK1의 세포외 단백질분해효소 생산특성

이유경,오용식,노동현,Lee, Yu-Kyong,Oh, Yong-Sik,Roh, Dong-Hyun 한국미생물학회 2012 미생물학회지 Vol.48 No.1

세포외 단백질분해효소를 생산하는 신종세균 Chryseobacterium sp. JK1은 토양으로부터 분리되었다. JK1 균주는 $30-35^{\circ}C$에서 skim milk를 첨가한 고체배지상에서 가장 큰 투명환을 보여주었다. 액체배지에서 JK1 균주의 세포생육은 24시간에 최대이었고, 세포외 단백질분해효소의 최대활성은 정지기인 22시간에 560 unit/ml에 도달하였다. Nutrient 배지에 maltose 혹은 glucose, mannitol을 첨가하면 생육이 향상되었지만, 단백질 분해효소 생산은 64-77%로 저조하였다. Skim milk 혹은 beef extract, yeast extract, malt extract, tryptone의 첨가는 향상된 생육과 줄어든 효소생산을 보인 반면, $(NH_4)_2HPO_4$ 또는 $(NH_4)_2SO_4$의 첨가는 저조한 생육과 121-146%의 향상된 효소생산을 보여 주었다. A novel Chryseobacterium sp. JK1 strain producing extracellular protease had been isolated from soil. The largest clear zones were observed on nutrient agar plates supplemented with 1% skim milk at $30-35^{\circ}C$ along with the growth of Chryseobacterium sp. JK1. The cell growth of JK1 strain was maximal at 24 h and maximum protease activity was reached up to 560 unit/ml at the stationary phase in liquid culture. In the presence of maltose, glucose or mannitol in Nutrient broth, cells grew well, but protease were produced poorly with lower production yields of 64-77% than in NB broth only. Similarly, the addition of skim milk, beef extract, yeast extract, malt extract or tryptone showed good growth and poor enzyme production. On the contrary, the addition of $(NH_4)_2HPO_4$ or $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ gave poor growth and good enzyme production of 121-146%.

Original Article: Food Science/Microbiology : Isolation, Identification, and Characterization of a Keratin-degrading Bacterium Chryseobacterium sp. P1-3

( Sung Jun Hong ),( Gun Seok Park ),( Byung Kwon Jung ),( Abdur Rahim Khan ),( Yeong Jun Park ),( Chang Hyun Lee ),( Jae Ho Shin ) 한국응용생명화학회 2015 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.58 No.3

In this study, a keratin-degrading bacterium was isolated from soil contaminated with feather waste. The isolated strain was identified as Chryseobacterium sp. P1-3 on the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence alignment. Chryseobacterium sp. P1-3 is currently used in various biotechnological applications (e.g., in the hydrolysis of poultry feathers). It hydrolyzed the feather meal within 2 days and possesses a high level of keratinase activity (98 U/mL). The keratinase, partially purified from this strain, prefers casein as a substrate and shows optimal activity at a temperature of 30oC and at a pH of 8.0.

Characterization of Chryseobacterium aquaticum Strain PUPC1 Producing a Novel Antifungal Protease from Rice Rhizosphere Soil

( M. Gandhi Pragash ),( K. Badri Narayanan ),( P. Ravindra Naik ),( N. Sakthivel ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2009 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.19 No.1

Strain PUPC1 produces an antifungal protease as well as plant growth promoting enzymes such as 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and phosphatase. Morphological, cultural, and physiological characteristics as well as 16S rRNA gene-sequence-based phylogenetic analysis confirmed the taxonomic affiliation of PUPC1 as Chryseobacterium aquaticum. The optimum growth of PUPC1 was observed at pH 6.0 and 30℃, and maximum protease production was observed in medium B amended with 1% tryptone, 0.5% sucrose, and 0.005% MnCl2. The protease was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography, and electroelution from preparative SDS-PAGE. The protease had a molecular mass of 18.5 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature stability of the protease were pH 5.0-10.0 and temperature 40-70℃. Chryseobacterium aquaticum PUPC1 and its protease showed a broad-spectrum antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi. Strain PUPC1 also exhibited plant growth promoting traits. The objective of the present investigation was to isolate a strain for agricultural application for plant growth promotion and biocontrol of fungal diseases.

A Case of Chryseobacterium hominis Isolated from Human Blood Drawn Through Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter

원동주,변정현,김명숙,용동은 대한진단검사의학회 2019 Laboratory Medicine Online Vol.9 No.4

Chryseobacterium hominis is non-fermenting Gram-negative rod that was first identified as a novel species in 2007. Here, we report the first clinical case of C. hominis bacteremia, which was confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A 16-year-old boy diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia was hospitalized for three months. Two sets of blood culture test through a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC), which was inserted a month ago, was performed when his white blood cell count declined and he had a high fever. Colonies of medium sizes that looked round, mucoid, sticky, and grayish on blood and chocolate agar plates were observed. Identification of bacteria using the VITEK MALDI-TOF MS system (BioMérieux, France) was not successful and the VITEK 2 system (BioMérieux, USA) indicated Sphingomonas paucimobilis, with a questionable level of confidence (92%). However, Microflex LT Biotyper (Bruker Daltonics, Germany) showed C. homins (log score: 1.81) and sequence of 16S rRNA showed a 100% identity with C. hominis. Piperacillin-tazobactam was administered since the isolate was susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam but C. hominis showed growth in the next four follow-up culture of blood drawn through PICC. The fever subsided only after PICC was changed. The clinical prognosis and antimicrobial susceptibility test of C. hominis should be further studied.

Complete genome sequence of Chryseobacterium sp. T16E-39, a plant growth-promoting and biocontrol bacterium, isolated from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) root

이신애,김상윤,상미경,송재경,원항연,Lee, Shin Ae,Kim, Sang Yoon,Sang, Mee Kyung,Song, Jaekyeong,Weon, Hang-Yeon The Microbiological Society of Korea 2017 미생물학회지 Vol.53 No.4

토마토 뿌리에서 분리한 Chryseobacterium sp. T16E-39 균주는 식물생육촉진과 역병, 시들음병에 대한 억제효과가 있었다. 이 균주의 유전체 염기서열은 4,873,888 염기쌍이었으며 G + C 함량은 35.22%이었다. 이 유전체는 4,289개 단백질 유전자, 15개 rRNA 유전자, 71개 tRNA 유전자를 포함하였다. T16E-39 균주의 유전체에서 인산가용화, 식물호르몬 조절, 항산화 활성, 키틴 분해, 제9형 분비시스템에 관여하는 유전자를 확인하였으며, 이들 유전자는 식물의 생육을 촉진하고 병발생을 억제하는 기작과 관련되어 있을 것으로 판단된다. Chryseobacterium sp. strain T16E-39, isolated from roots of a tomato plant, promotes plant growth and suppresses phytophthora blight and bacterial wilt diseases. The complete genome of strain T16E-39 consists of a circular chromosome with 4,872,888 base pairs with a G + C content of 35.22%. The genome includes 4,289 coding sequences, 15 rRNAs, and 71 tRNAs. We detected genes involved in phosphate solubilization, phytohormone regulation, antioxidant activity, chitin degradation, and the type IX secretion system (T9SS) that may be related to growth promotion and disease suppression in plants.

Peritoneal Dialysis-associated Peritonitis Caused by Chryseobacterium indologenes

최명우,오성식,최미림,이종화,양현주,선인오,이광영 대한내과학회 2018 대한내과학회지 Vol.93 No.1

Chryseobacterium indologenes (C. indologenes) is a nonmotile, gram-negative bacillus that is widely distributed in nature. Generally considered nonpathogenic, C. indologenes rarely infects humans and is not normally present in the human microflora. C. indologenes infections have been observed in cases of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis, although the incidence of these infections is low. Although C. indologenes is generally susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, piperacillin-tazobactam, and cefepime, no guidelines have been established for the treatment of PD-associated peritonitis. Here we report the first case of PD-associated peritonitis in Korea with C. indologenes identified as the sole etiologic agent. The patient recovered after intraperitoneal antibiotic treatment without the need for Tenckhoff catheter removal.