인공지반의 녹화를 위해서 단용 또는 노지토양과 혼합하여 이용되는 인공토양의 특성

허근영,심경구 한국조경학회 2000 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.28 No.2

The aim of this study is evaluate artificial soils which are used alone or in a blend with field soil for the greening of artificial ground. To achieve these, determination of physicochemical properties was made in four artificial media[Perlite small grain(PSG), perlite large grain(PLG), crushed porous glass+bark(AS), crushed porous glass(CPG)] used alone and/or in a blend with field soil, then evaluation of their effect on th plant growth of Ligustrum obtusifolium and Syringa vulgaris were conducted. In bulk density of root media at field capacity and the saturated hydraulic conductivity, LG and AS showed good performance. But, PLG was though to be unsuitable as artificial soil when used alone because of poor plant growth. PLG, AS, and CPG were thought to be good when it is used in a blend with field soil. But, PSG was thought to be unsuitable. In the result, PSG is recommended as artificial soil which is used alone for greening of artificial ground. PLG is recommended as artificial soil which is used in a blend with field soil. AS is recommended as artificial soil which is used alone and in a blend with field soil. Thought CPG+field soil(v/v, 1:1) might be undesirable in consideration of the chemical properties in six months after planting, it was thought to be superior to th other treatments in the plant growth. CPG can be used as artificial soil which is used in a blend with field soil. Follow-up studies are being conducted to investigate their effects on the plant growth of the other plants and the practical use of them in artificial grounds.

인공지반에서 토양하중에 따른 건축구조물 골조원가의 비교연구

김도경,황지환 한국조경학회 2002 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.29 No.6

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of the soil load for artificial ground on a building's structural expenses. Three types of soil - 100% soil, soil mixed with 50% perlite, and 100% artificial soil - were used for this study. A one story concrete steel building specific to each soil load was designed, and then, the cost of steel and concrete used for the design was estimated. As the result of this study, the structural expenses in the case of 5:5 mixed soil can be reduced about 17% compare with 100% soil. Using artificial soil, the structural expenses can be cut about 32% compare to 100% soil and about 12% less when 5:5 mixed soil is used. However, considering total expense which includes the structural expense and soil expense, the expense of 5:5 mixed soil have an increase 25% compared with 100% soil. In the artificial soil, the total expense is 45% more expensive than 100% soil and 17% higher when 5:5 mixed soil is used because of the high unit price of artificial soil. This study expected substantial savings in structural cost as the soil-load was lightened. But, savings were significantly reduced because the unit price of the artificial soil is much more expensive than the price of the natural one. Therefore, further research on methods of reducing the unit price of the artificial soil should be conducted in order to extend green space on to artificial ground.

Coal Bottom Ash Application on Park Site Soil and Its Impacts on Turfgrass Growth and Soil Quality

Oh, Se Jin,Kim, Yong Hyok 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.2

Bottom ash (BA) has different macro- and micronutrients such as B, Mo, Fe, Ca, and Mg, providing useful resources for plant growth and soil quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of artificial top-soil treated with BA in park area as a vegetation base material, especially for turfgrass growth. Collected BA was mixed with peat moss and clay at the ratio of 70:10:20 (w/w). In order to evaluate the park quality and turfgrass growth in park area, the artificial soil was applied with BA along with the control or without BA. Result showed that exchangeable K and P were increased by $11.4mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $163mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively, compared to the control soil when the artificial soil was treated with BA. Microbial population and enzyme activity (Acid-phosphatase, APA) in artificial soil having BA also increased as 2 times and 10%, respectively, compared to the control soil. Comparing turfgrass growth and yield between general soil and artificial soil, about 2 times higher plant yield (fresh weight) was observed as artificial soil was applied comparing to general soil. Furthermore, nutrient concentration in turfgrass was averaged as 0.440% for $P_2O_5$, 0.456% for CaO, 1.198% for $K_2O$ and 0.188% for MgO that all values are higher than general soil (0.323% for $P_2O_5$, 0.416% for CaO, 0.610% for $K_2O$ and 0.173% for MgO). Application of BA can be useful for vegetation base material in park site.

Coal Bottom Ash Application on Park Site Soil and Its Impacts on Turfgrass Growth and Soil Quality

Se Jin Oh,Yong Hyok Kim 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.2

Bottom ash (BA) has different macro- and micronutrients such as B, Mo, Fe, Ca, and Mg, providing useful resources for plant growth and soil quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of artificial top-soil treated with BA in park area as a vegetation base material, especially for turfgrass growth. Collected BA was mixed with peat moss and clay at the ratio of 70:10:20 (w/w). In order to evaluate the park quality and turfgrass growth in park area , the artificial soil was applied with BA along with the control or without BA. Result showed that exchangeable K and P were increased by 11.4 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP> and 163 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively, compared to the control soil when the artificial soil was treated with BA. Microbial population and enzyme activity (Acid-phosphatase, APA) in artificial soil having BA also increased as 2 times and 10%, respectively, compared to the control soil. Comparing turfgrass growth and yield between general soil and artificial soil, about 2 times higher plant yield (fresh weight) was observed as artificial soil was applied comparing to general soil. Furthermore, nutrient concentration in turfgrass was averaged as 0.440% for P₂O5, 0.456% for CaO, 1.198% for K₂O and 0.188% for MgO that all values are higher than general soil (0.323% for P₂O5, 0.416% for CaO, 0.610% for K₂O and 0.173% for MgO). Application of BA can be useful for vegetation base material in park site.

Coal Bottom Ash Application on Park Site Soil and Its Impacts on Turfgrass Growth and Soil Quality

오세진,김용혁 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.2

Bottom ash (BA) has different macro- and micronutrients such as B, Mo, Fe, Ca, and Mg, providing usefulresources for plant growth and soil quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of artificialtop-soil treated with BA in park area as a vegetation base material, especially for turfgrass growth. Collected BAwas mixed with peat moss and clay at the ratio of 70:10:20 (w/w). In order to evaluate the park quality andturfgrass growth in park area , the artificial soil was applied with BA along with the control or without BA. Resultshowed that exchangeable K and P were increased by 11.4 mg kg-1 and 163 mg kg-1, respectively, compared to thecontrol soil when the artificial soil was treated with BA. Microbial population and enzyme activity (Acid-phosphatase, APA) in artificial soil having BA also increased as 2 times and 10%, respectively, compared to the controlsoil. Comparing turfgrass growth and yield between general soil and artificial soil, about 2 times higher plant yield(fresh weight) was observed as artificial soil was applied comparing to general soil. Furthermore, nutrientconcentration in turfgrass was averaged as 0.440% for P2O5, 0.456% for CaO, 1.198% for K2O and 0.188% forMgO that all values are higher than general soil (0.323% for P2O5, 0.416% for CaO, 0.610% for K2O and 0.173%for MgO). Application of BA can be useful for vegetation base material in park site.

버섯 폐배지와 고흡수성 폴리머를 이용한 인공경량 토양 개발

박장우,박기병,이준석,이은영 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2013 한국폐기물자원순환학회지 Vol.30 No.7

This study is about making artificial soil for wall greening using Spent Mushroom substrates (SMS) & Superabsorbent polymer (SAP). and developing new material for wall greening whilst monitoring the physico-chemistry & germination ability of the plant, plant growth and developmental condition of the artificial soil. It was found that the larger the particle size of the superabsorbent polymer the more absorption increased. This showed the plant’s germination rate in soil when Spent Mushroom substrates & Superabsorbent polymer (SAP) were mixed. In the Bermuda grass, the Artificial soil (SMS & SAP 0.5%) showed a 100% germination rate over a period exceeding 7 days compared to Peat-moss that showed a 94% germination rate. In the Kentucky blue grass, however, there was no difference between the Peat-moss and Artificial soil. When general perlite soil was compared with artificial soil in the chicory seed, the Artificial soil showed better results than the general perlite soil in length, leaf volume and fresh-weight. In the plant length, it showed an increase of over 105% (SAP 0.5% or more), 187% (SAP 1% or more). in the leaf volume, an increase of over 123% (SAP 0.5% or more), 145% (SAP 1% or more), in the fresh-weight an increase of over 130% (SAP 0.5% or more), 285% (SAP 1% or more). The artificial soil (SMS & SAP 1%) showed an excellent result in the plant growth and development. Thus, it was found that artificial soil using the SMS & SAP were the only suitable soil materials for wall greening hence suggesting that it could be used for the greening of a blighted area or desert and a variety of agriculture.

지중 저장지로부터 누출된 이산화탄소가 토양 비옥도에 미치는 영향 : 인위 누출 연구

백승한(Seung Han Baek),이상우(Sang-Woo Lee),이우춘(Woo-Chun Lee),윤성택(Seong-Taek Yun),김순오(Soon-Oh Kim) 대한자원환경지질학회 2021 자원환경지질 Vol.54 No.4

이산화탄소가 지구온난화를 초래하는 대표적인 온실가스로 지목되면서 대기 중의 이산화탄소 농도를 줄이기 위하여 많은 노력들이 진행되어 왔다. 그러한 노력들 중 특히 CO2 포집 및 지중 저장기술(carbon dioxide capture and storage, CCS)이 감축 목표량을 달성하기 위해서 필수적으로 고려되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 지중 저장기술이 상용화되기 위해서는 안전성이 보장되어야 한다. 특히 이산화탄소 누출이 농경지에서 발생할 경우에는 작물 생장과 관련되어 많은 문제를 야기할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 지중 저장지로부터 누출된 이산화탄소가 토양 비옥도에 미치는 영향에 대하여 고찰하였다. 이를 위하여 인위적인 이산화탄소 누출 시험을 수행하였으며, pH, 양이온치환용량, 교환성 양이온, 전기전도도, 토양 유기물 함량, 총 질소, 질산태 질소, 암모니아태 질소, 총 인, 유효태 인산, 총 황, 유효태 황, 유효태 붕소 등과 같은 토양의 화학적 특성들을 비옥도 지시 인자로 선정하였다. 누출 시험은 비경작지 토양 한 종류와 경작지 토양 두 종류(옥수수와 콩 재배)를 대상으로 이루어졌다. 비경작지 토양은 거친 모래가 많은 사질토양으로 공극률은 42.6%로 조사되었으며, 경작지 토양인 옥수수 재배 토양은 양질 사토(loamy sand)로 공극률이 46.8%이었다. 콩과식물(soybean) 재배 토양은 옥수수 재배 토양과 동일한 양질 사토로서 공극률이 48%로 조사되었다. 누출시험을 위해 6개의 인공누출 칼럼 장치를 이용하여 이산화탄소를 주입하였다. 이산화탄소 주입은 비경작지와 경작지 토양의 경우 각각 60일과 70일 동안 진행하였다. 이산화탄소 누출 후 비경작지 및 경작지 토양에 대하여 각각 12, 14일 간격으로 1 공극 부피의 인공강우 모사 시험을 수행한 후 용출액과 토양 시료를 채취하여 비옥도 지시 인자를 분석하였으며, 이산화탄소 누출 전후 변화 양상을 비교 평가하였다. 토양 내 잔류 교환성 양이온, 전기전도도, 토양 유기물 함량, 총질소, 총인 등은 이산화탄소의 영향을 크게 받지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 질산태 질소, 암모니아태 질소, 유효 인산, 유효 황, 유효 붕소 등은 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 이에 의해 토양 비옥도를 저하시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 토양의 완충능력 때문에 pH의 변화가 없었지만, 이산화탄소가 장기간 누출된다면 pH의 감소에 의한 토양 산성화가 초래될 가능성이 있을 것으로 예측된다. Carbon dioxide has been known to be a typical greenhouse gas causing global warming, and a number of efforts have been proposed to reduce its concentration in the atmosphere. Among them, carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) has been taken into great account to accomplish the target reduction of carbon dioxide. In order to commercialize the CCS, its safety should be secured. In particular, if the stored carbon dioxide is leaked in the arable land, serious problems could come up in terms of crop growth. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of carbon dioxide leaked from storage sites on soil fertility. The leakage of carbon dioxide was simulated using the facility of its artificial injection into soils in the laboratory. Several soil chemical properties, such as pH, cation exchange capacity, electrical conductivity, the concentrations of exchangeable cations, nitrogen (N) (total-N, nitrate-N, and ammonia- N), phosphorus (P) (total-P and available-P), sulfur (S) (total-S and available-S), available-boron (B), and the contents of soil organic matter, were monitored as indicators of soil fertility during the period of artificial injection of carbon dioxide. Two kinds of soils, such as non-cultivated and cultivated soils, were compared in the artificial injection tests, and the latter included maize- and soybeancultivated soils. The non-cultivated soil (NCS) was sandy soil of 42.6% porosity, the maize-cultivated soil (MCS) and soybeancultivated soil (SCS) were loamy sand having 46.8% and 48.0% of porosities, respectively. The artificial injection facility had six columns: one was for the control without carbon dioxide injection, and the other five columns were used for the injections tests. Total injection periods for NCS and MCS/SCS were 60 and 70 days, respectively, and artificial rainfall events were simulated using one pore volume after the 12-day injection for the NCS and the 14-day injection for the MCS/SCS. After each rainfall event, the soil fertility indicators were measured for soil and leachate solution, and they were compared before and after the injection of carbon dioxide. The results indicate that the residual concentrations of exchangeable cations, total-N, total-P, the content of soil organic matter, and electrical conductivity were not likely to be affected by the injection of carbon dioxide. However, the residual concentrations of nitrate-N, ammonia-N, available-P, available-S, and available-B tended to decrease after the carbon dioxide injection, indicating that soil fertility might be reduced. Meanwhile, soil pH did not seem to be influenced due to the buffering capacity of soils, but it is speculated that a long-term leakage of carbon dioxide might bring about soil acidification.

The Shearing Behavior of Artificial Soil Extracted from Loess

( Chongyang Gao ),( Ling Xu ),( Dongdong Yan ),( Yili Wang ),( Borui Lv ) 대한지질공학회 2019 대한지질공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2019 No.2

Loess, as a typical silty soil, covered an area of 440,000km2 in China and a lot of work has been done on the study of mechanics and microstructure of the Loess. For better understanding the behavior of Loess, artificial soils we're created by extracting from the Xi’an and Lanzhou loess using water sedimentary method and which were then divided into five groups according to the variation of gradation. A series of triaxial tests were conducted to identify the effect of particle gradation on the behavior of soil within the framework of critical state soil mechanics. The results show that the location of critical state line is first decrease and then increased with the content of the fine particles increasing. And the slope of the critical state lines also shows consistent trend. There exists a phase transformation gradation soil, called C soil, which is the closest to the natural soil on the gradation curve. For A and B soils with more clay content, there are relatively difficult to reach critical state even if their strain reaches 35%, compared to the other types of soil. As the content of coarse particles increases, the soil generally exhibits more pronounced dilatancy, and the properties are closer to fine sand. This paper is of great significance to provide a reference for better understanding of the behavior of loess in the geotechnique engineering application.

머신러닝 기반 산림 토양 pH의 디지털 토양도 작성 연구

심우진,안유순,정관용 국토지리학회 2024 국토지리학회지 Vol.58 No.1

한반도는 지질과 기후의 영향으로 산성 토양 비율이 높으며, 최근 대기오염물질에 의한 산성비의 유입으로 산림 토양의 산성화가 심해지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 산림 토양 특성의 지리적 분포를 예측할 수 있는 디지털 토양도 작성 기법을 적용하여 남한 전역의 산림 토양 pH 디지털 토양도를 구축하였다. 다양한 머신러닝 기법을 적용한 결과, 랜덤 포레스트 알고리즘이 가장 정확도가 높았다. 산림 토양 pH의 분포와 관련된 주요 환경 요인으로 지리변수, 지형변수, 모재변수가 도출되었다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 남한 일대의 산림 토양 pH 분포를 확인한 결과, 석회암과 현무암 등 염기성 모재가 분포한 지역에서 pH가 높게, 주로 편마암 모재가 주로 분포하는 지역에서 토양 pH가 낮게 나타났다. 이 중 강산성(pH 4.5 이하) 토양은 수도권과 충청권 서남부, 남해안 등에 주로 분포했다. 강산성 토양은 식생의 생육 환경과 탄소 격리 능력에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있으므로 산성화를 가속화하는 인위적 요인을 저감하고 주기적인 모니터링을 통해 지속적으로 관리해야 할 것이다. The geology and climate of the Korean Peninsula contribute to a high prevalence of acidic soil, and this situation is exacerbated by the recent increase in acid rain resulting from air pollution, further worsening the acidification of forest soils. In this research, through digital soil mapping to predict the spatial distribution of forest soil properties, we developed digital soil maps of forest soil pH across South Korea. Upon employing various machine learning methods, the random forest algorithm emerged as the most accurate. Key environmental factors influencing the distribution of forest soil pH were identified, including geographic, topographic, and parent material variables. The spatial distribution of forest soil pH revealed higher pH values in areas with alkaline bedrock (limestone and basalt) and lower pH values in areas dominated by gneiss parent material. Notably, highly acidic soils (pH < 4.5) were found in the metropolitan area, southwestern Chungcheong region, and the southern coast. Strongly acidic soil can negatively affect vegetation growth environment and carbon sequestration capacity, so anthropogenic factors that accelerate acidification should be reduced and continuously managed through periodic monitoring.

재활용재료를 포함한 옥상녹화용 인공토양의 성능평가 -토양배합비가 자생식물 생육에 미치는 영향을 중심으로-

김경훈 ( Kyung Hoon Kim ),고정현 ( Jeung Hyun Koh ),김용 ( Yong Kim ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2013 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.16 No.5

The objective of this study was to analyze an availability of green roof soil based on the bottom ash soil and compost using sludge derived from food factory as comparing and analysing the growth of native plants. Analysing the physical properties and chemical resistance of 12 different type mixing soils which is mainly used in green roof, selected 4 types of soil, experiments were conducted to compare plant growth. The growth status of the plant showed the most superior of the soil 13(control), next soil 9(Pearlite:Bottom Ash:Compost = 20:60:20) and soil 10(Pearlite:Zeolite:Compost = 60:20:20) This result showed that native plants grow well in the soil based on the bottom ash and compost using sludge derived from food factory, and this soil type is determined that is available the green roof soil.