알코올 사용 장애 환자의 스트레스와 대처 양식 및 부적응에 관한 연구

박민철,오상우,이귀행,노승호,백영석,이상열,김재현 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 1999 圓光醫科學 Vol.15 No.2

Background: This study was explored the influences of perceived stress, coping style on maladaptation of patients with alcohol use disorders. Methods: To investigate these objects, 66 patients with alcohol use disorders were completed scales for the perceived stress, coping style, dysfunctional attitude, alcohol expectancy, self-efficacy, social support, state-trait anxiety, quantity of alcohol use, problems of alcohol use and BDI. The data were analyzed by t-test, correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results: First, the results showed the significant difference between long term group and short term group on the problem-related alcohol use and trait anxiety. Second, the results showed the significant difference between severe problem related alcohol use group and mild problem related alcohol use group on cognitive coping, negative expectancy, quantity of alcohol use. Third, among each variables of patients with alcohol use disorders, quantity of alcohol use had significantly high correlation with quantity of alcohol by family, quantity of alcohol by friends, perceived stress, negative expectancy. Problems of alcohol use had significantly high correlation with negative expectancy, cognitive coping, percieved stress, social support and self efficacy. Finally, vulnerability-stress model predicted 26.1% of variances of quantity of alcohol use, 48.9% of variances of problems of alcohol use and 13.9% variances of depression. Conclusions: The results of the study indicated the superiority of vulnerability stress model to predict quantity of alcohol use, problems of alcohol use and depression.

대학생 스트레스원에 대한 대처방식으로서 음주의 역할

서경현,양승애 한국청소년학회 2011 청소년학연구 Vol.18 No.11

The purpose of this study was to explore the roles of alcohol use as coping method with stressors of college students, and investigated whether alcohol use as coping is helpful for personal life. The participants were 343 college students whose ages ranged from 18 to 25. Stressors of college students, stress responses, alcohol use as coping method, coping motives for alcohol use, and expectancy of enhancing sociality and tension-reduction from alcohol use. Results indicated male students showed higher level of coping motives for alcohol use and alcohol use as coping method than female students. For both male and female students, stressors were positively correlated with alcohol use as coping, especially stressors of female students shared about 9% variance of alcohol use as coping. Alcohol use as coping of both male and female students were also positively correlated with stress responses, and accounted more variance than coping motives for alcohol use and alcohol expectancies did. Alcohol use as coping was closely related to anger and aggression responses, and for each male and female students it accounted approximately 12% and 18% of aggression. Students with higher level of alcohol use as coping showed more anger and aggression than those with lower level of alcohol use as coping among students who had higher level of stressors. It suggests alcohol use even as coping methods may contributes to violent behaviors. 본 연구의 목적은 대학생의 스트레스원과 스트레스 반응 사이에서 대처 음주가 어떤 역할을 하는지를 탐색하고, 스트레스에 대한 대처 일환으로서의 음주가 개인의 삶에 도움이 될 수 있는지를 검증하는 것이다. 본 연구의 참여자는 남녀 대학생 343명이었으며, 그들의 연령 분포는 만 18세에서 25세 사이였다. 본 연구를 위해 대학생이 경험하는 스트레스원, 스트레스 반응, 스트레스에 대한 대처로서의 음주, 대처 음주동기, 음주로 인한 사교성 향상 기대 및 긴장완화 기대를 측정하였다. 분석 결과, 남학생이 여학생보다 높은 대처 음주동기와 대처 음주 수준을 보였다. 남녀 대학생의 스트레스원은 대처 음주와 유의한 정적 상관을 보였고, 특히 여대생의 스트레스원은 대처 음주와 9%정도의 변량을 공유하고 있었다. 남녀 대학생의 대처 음주는 스트레스 반응과 정적으로 관계하고 있었고, 대처 음주동기나 음주기대보다 더 많은 변량을 공유하고 있었다. 대처 음주는 분노 및 공격성과 밀접한 관계가 있었는데, 남녀 대학생의 대처 음주는 공격성을 각각 12%와 18% 정도 설명하고 있었다. 스트레스원이 많은 대학생들 중에 대처 음주를 많이 하는 집단의 경우 높은 수준의 분노와 공격성을 나타내 대처 음주가 폭력을 유발할 수 있음을 시사하는 결과를 얻었다. 본 연구의 결과를 개인의 삶에서 음주의 실용성 차원과 선행연구를 바탕으로 논의하였다.

Recent Trend and Associated Factors of Harmful Alcohol Use Based on Age and Gender in Korea

최승아,유승현,제갈정,김광기 대한의학회 2018 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.33 No.4

Background: Previous studies suggest that the impact of social factors on harmful alcohol use between men and women may be different. We aimed to explore the gender-based difference in temporal trend and social risk factors associated with harmful alcohol use. Methods: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2014) was used to explore the recent trend of harmful alcohol use in the general population. Among all current alcohol drinkers aged 20–64 years, the frequencies of harmful alcohol use in each age group, year of birth, marriage, income, education, and occupation were analyzed based on gender. Results: A total of 34,478 people (14,544 men and 19,834 women) who reported drinking alcohol in the last month at the time of interview were included in the analysis. The proportion of harmful alcohol use in men decreased (P for trend = 0.002) during the study period, whereas significant change was not observed in women (P for trend = 0.173). The prevalence of harmful alcohol use was highest in men aged 35–49 years and women aged 20–34 years. For both men and women, lower level of education and service occupation were the common risk factors of harmful alcohol use. Additionally, low income was a risk factor of harmful alcohol use in women but not in men. Marriage increased the risk of harmful alcohol use in women but decreased in men. Conclusion: Public health interventions in reducing harmful alcohol use should consider the different high-risk groups between men and women.

Recent Trend and Associated Factors of Harmful Alcohol Use Based on Age and Gender in Korea

Choe, Seung-Ah,Yoo, Seunghyun,JeKarl, Jung,Kim, Kwang Kee KOREAN ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2018 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.33 No.4

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Previous studies suggest that the impact of social factors on harmful alcohol use between men and women may be different. We aimed to explore the gender-based difference in temporal trend and social risk factors associated with harmful alcohol use.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2014) was used to explore the recent trend of harmful alcohol use in the general population. Among all current alcohol drinkers aged 20–64 years, the frequencies of harmful alcohol use in each age group, year of birth, marriage, income, education, and occupation were analyzed based on gender.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>A total of 34,478 people (14,544 men and 19,834 women) who reported drinking alcohol in the last month at the time of interview were included in the analysis. The proportion of harmful alcohol use in men decreased (<I>P</I> for trend = 0.002) during the study period, whereas significant change was not observed in women (<I>P</I> for trend = 0.173). The prevalence of harmful alcohol use was highest in men aged 35–49 years and women aged 20–34 years. For both men and women, lower level of education and service occupation were the common risk factors of harmful alcohol use. Additionally, low income was a risk factor of harmful alcohol use in women but not in men. Marriage increased the risk of harmful alcohol use in women but decreased in men.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Public health interventions in reducing harmful alcohol use should consider the different high-risk groups between men and women.</P>

비행청소년의 취중상태와 범죄행동 양상간의 관계

김현실,김헌수 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.4

연구목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 비행청소년의 취중상태와 범죄행동 양상간의 관련성을 조사하여 음주청소년의 비행, 범죄행동의 치료 및 예방대책을 수립하기 위한 기초자료를 제시하기 위함이다. 방 법 : 본 연구는 설문지법과 면담을 통한 조사연구로서 전국에 소재하는 11개 소년원과 4개 분류심사원중 6개 소년원과 2개 분류심사원을 무작위 추출한 후, 이곳에 재원중인 비행청소년 971명을 전원 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 수집된 자료의 처리는 불충분한 자료는 제거한 후 SAS프로그램을 이용하여 처리하였고, 통계방법은 백분율과 χ²검정법이었다. 결 과 : 본 연구의 조사결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 질문지에 답변한 877명의 비행청소년중 범행시 취중상태였던 청소년은 230명(26.2%)인 반면, 범행시 비음주청소년은 647명(73.8%)이었다. 2) 범행시 취중상태였던 청소년이 당시 마셨던 주종으로는 소주가 56.7%로 가장 높았으며, 다음이 맥주(23.4%), 위스키(16.4%), 막걸리(2.5%) 및 동동주(1.0%) 등의 순이었다. 3) 취중상태에서의 범행과 비취중상태에서의 범행을 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. ① 범죄유형면에서 취중상태에서는 강력범이나 폭력범의 빈도가 높은 반면에 비음주상태에서는 재산범이나 특별법범의 빈도가 높았다. ② 범행시간면에서 음주청소년은 주로 주말 및 공휴일의 새벽시간에 비음주청소년은 평일의 낮에 범행하는 경우가 많았다. ③ 범행당일 날씨면에서 볼 때 취중상태에서는 비가 오거나 흐린날에 범행하는 빈도가 높은 반면에 비음주상태에서는 맑은 날에 범행하는 빈도가 높았다. ④ 범행장소면에서, 취중상태에서는 자기 집이나 유흥가에서 범행하는 빈도가 높은 반면에 비음주 상태에서는 다방 등 요식업소에서 범행을 많이 저질렀으며, 또한 비음주 상태에서는 취중상태에서 보다 자기 집에서 멀리 떨어진 지역에서 범행하는 경우가 많았다. ⑤ 범행도구면에서, 취중상태에서는 발길질, 주먹질등 단순폭력과 칼을 사용하는 경우가 많은 반면에, 비음주 상태에서는 마취제나 독극물 같은 약물이나 범행도구 없이 범행을 저질렀다. ⑥ 범행당시 함께 한 동반자 면에서는, 취중상태에서는 주로 동료집단과 함께 범행하는 경우가 많은 반면에, 비음주 상태에서는 단독범행이나 친구 한 두명과 함께 범행을 저지르는 경우가 많았다. ⑦ 범행당시 피해자의 상태는, 취중상태의 청소년들은 술에 취해있거나 언쟁중인 사람을 범행대상으로 하는 경우가 높은 반면, 비음주상태의 청소년들은 수면중이거나 저항력이 없는 피해자를 범행대상으로 삼았다. ⑧ 범행방법면에서, 취중상태에서는 주먹으로 구타하거나 칼등으로 찌르는 방법을 많이 택한 반면에 비음주 상태에서는 사기나 진정제, 기타 약물을 사용한 범죄를 많이 저질렀다. ⑨ 범행에 대한 판단면에서, 취중상태의 청소년들은 자신의 행동이 잘못되었다는 것을 모르는 경우가 많은 반면에 비음주상태의 청소년들은 자신의 행동이 잘못되었다는 것을 알고 있는 경우가 많았다. ⑩ 마지막으로 범행동기면에서, 음주청소년들은 취중상태에서 우발적으로 범행을 저지르는 경우가 많은 반면, 비음주 청소년들은 유흥비 마련이나 호기심과 영웅심리로 범행을 저지르는 경우가 많았다. 결 론 : 상습적 음주가 청소년 비행, 범죄행동을 보다 조장시키며, 특히 취중상태의 범행이 비음주상태의 범행보다 보다 폭력적, 집단적, 치명적이라는데 문제의 심각성이 있다할 수 있다. 따라서 우발적인 취중상태에서의 청소년 범행을 예방, 중재하기 위해서는 음주 청소년의 정신내적 갈등에 대한 탐색과 아울러 음주청소년 대상 교정, 선도 프로그램의 개발이 필요하다고 본다. Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between juvenile alcohol use and their criminal patterns, and to develop basic guideline data and strategies for preventing alcohol-related criminal behavior. Methods : The data was collected through questionnaire surveys. Subjects serving for this study were 971 delinquent adolescents in Korea, sampled from 6 juvenile corrective institutions and 2 classification judging institutions, using a census method. Their age range was between 12 and 21 years. Data were analysed using SAS program. Statistical methods employed were Chi-square test and frequency analysis. Results : In summary, the results of this study were as follows : ① Of 877 respondents, the number of adolescents committed criminal behaviors while intoxicated were 230(26.2%), whereas 647(73.8%) were in a non-intoxicated state. ② The frequently used kinds of alcoholic beverages were soju(56.7%), beer(23.4%), whisky(16.4%), makkori(2.5%) and dongdongju(1.0%), in decreasing order. ③ Juvenile criminal behaviors under intoxication showed a higher rate of aggressive and as sault crimes, whereas non-alcohol related juvenile criminal behavior tended to commit property crimes and violations of criminal special law. ④ Most alcohol-related crimes were committed in the early mornings of weekend, while non-alcohol related crimes were committed in the afternoon(generally MD-6pm). ⑤ Places committing criminal activities were in recreation ground such as disco-theque and at a street corner in alcohol using delinquent adolescents, whereas in victim's house and residential district in non-alcohol using delinquent adolescents. ⑥ Drunken state adolescents during committing criminal behaviors used knifves, stones or fisting-kicking as criminal tools, whereas those without criminal tools or poisonous drugs used such as anesthetics and/or foxins in non-drunken state adolescents. ⑦ Juvenile delinquents in an intoxicated state tended to participate in criminal activity with their peer gang group, whereas most non-related crimes were committed alone. ⑧ Victims assaulted by intoxicated delinquent adolescents were in a quarreling and / or drunken state, whereas non-alcohol related crimes were directed against victims in a sleeping or non-resisting state. ⑨ Delinquent adolescents who committed criminal behaviors in a non-intoxicated state tended to accept that their judgements of criminal acts were wrong and they had guilty and regretful feelings, whereas delinquent adolescents who committed crimes in an intoxicated state tended not to express these feelings. ⑩ Alcohol- related crimes tended to happen incidentally and impulsively without any clear motivation, while non-alcohol crimes tended to be purposeful, directed to make money, motivated by curiosity and a desire to live heroically. Conclusions : The correlation between alcohol use and juvenile criminal behaviors has been examined in this study. Generally, alcohol use was found to be highly correlated with aggressive and assault crimes including robbery, burglary, and rape, etc. Therefore, We recommend that therapeutic and preventive strategies against juvenile criminal behaviors in an intoxicated state should be developed.

우리나라 청소년의 건강위험행동별 음주 및 성경험 위험정도

손애리 한국알코올과학회 2002 한국알코올과학회 학술대회 Vol.2002 No.1

Health risk-taking behaviors such as smoking, alcohol use, substance use, violence and sexual intercourse among adolescents are significant public health problems. Recent data indicate that smoking, alcohol use, substance use, and sexual intercourse in adolescents have been increasing steadily in South Korea. Few studies of smoking, alcohol use, substance use, violence, and sexual intercourse have been conducted simultaneously. This study is to examine associations between 1) drinking and health risk-taking behaviors, and 2) sexual intercourse and health risk-taking behaviors in adolescents. A cross sectional study based on a stratified cluster sample of 24 senior high schools during June and July 2000 was used. The associations were examined with X2, Fishers Exact Test, Mantel-Haenszel X2, and logistic regression. The main results are as follows: Boys were more likely to take part in smoking, drinking alcohol use, violence and sexual intercourse compared with girls. 38.6% of boys and 27.5% of girls had consumed alcohol in the past 30 days. Higher levels of drinking alcohol use were associated with adolescents with separated/divorced parents. Those adolescents who took part in smoking, substance use, sexual intercourse, and violence were 36.27, 4.63, 15.16, and 8.57 times respectively higher to have alcohol consumption compared with those adolescent who did not have those risk-taking behaviors. Those adolescents who took part in smoking, drinking alcohol use, and violence were 28.56, 9.6, and 2.16 times higher to have sexual intercourse compared with those adolescents who did not have those risk-taking behaviors. Risk-taking behaviors of smoking, substance use, sexual intercourse, and violence are risk factors for drinking alcohol. Smoking, drinking alcohol use, and violence are risk factors for sexual intercourse. This study suggests that adolescents are risk-taking behaviors simultaneously. To prevent adolescents health risk-taking behaviors we should develop practical educational principles that focus on delaying a young persons first use of cigarettes and alcohol. Health education should be considered to establish a compulsory curriculum as part of the school curriculum to offer health education systematically and comprehensively.

알코올 사용 장애 환자들의 가족력 강도와 음주 특성

민은정,김성곤,허성영,김현경 알코올과 건강행동학회 2022 알코올과 건강행동연구 Vol.23 No.1

Background: It has been shown that alcohol use disorders are common within a particular family. The risk of alcohol use disorders is known to be three to five times higher for a parent than non-parent alcohol. For this reason, many studies to date have examined the family history of alcohol use problems among adolescents or early adults with drinking problems. However, most studies examined only the existence of alcohol family history, and there were no reports of familial density among alcoholics patients. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the familial density of people with alcohol abuse problems and to investigate the differences in the characteristics of alcohol abuse problems according to their familial density. Method: At four community centers in Busan and Gyeongsangnam-do, familial density was investigated for clients using the service. There were 141 subjects in the study, 113 men and 28 women. Result: Of the people with alcohol use problems, familial density had four groups (family history negative, grandparents or siblings only, parent(s) only, parent(s) and grandparents or siblings, parent(s) and grandparents and siblings,). Familial density was significantly associated with frequency of violence, drinking related, AUDIT-K score. Conclusion: There is a difference in familial density among people with alcohol use problems. However, systematic comparison of variety of measures of family history is lacking. and further study is needed. This study investigated familial density in patients with alcohol use disorder. These results will be the evidence for another perspective on the genetic effects and its risks of alcohol use disorder patients.

1인 가구의 연령별 음주행태 비교와 고위험 음주에 영향을 미치는 요인분석

박여진,오아름,오유미,양유선 알코올과 건강행동학회 2018 알코올과 건강행동연구 Vol.19 No.2

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare drinking behaviors between one-person households and those living together to identify the harmful alcohol use of one-person households. Methods: This study analyzed cross-sectional data from 228,558 Korean adults aged 19 years and older who participated in the 2015 Korean Community Health Survey. The data were analyzed using a chi-square test to determine the patterns of alcohol use by household types and age groups. Moreover, multinomial logistic regression was used to uncover factors of harmful alcohol use for one-person households. Results: One-person households composed of young and middle-aged people had higher monthly alcohol drinking, harmful alcohol use, and yearly alcohol-related harm and drunk driving experiences. Elderly people in one-person households had high harmful alcohol use in both men and women. The factors affecting the harmful alcohol use of one-person households were similar to those of sociodemographic variables (age, residential area, marital status, occupation, educational level, monthly income) in both sexes, but physical and mental health-related factors showed differences according to the number of chronic disease diagnoses, subjective health level, subjective stress, and sleeping time according to sex. Conclusion: A number of factors are associated with the harmful alcohol use of one-person households and age groups. Owing to environmental changes, studies on the harmful alcohol use of one-person households and age groups should be continued.

Association between Alcoholism Family History and Alcohol Screening Scores among Alcohol-dependent Patients

이소현,이병철,김지욱,이중서,최인근 대한정신약물학회 2013 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.11 No.2

Objective: Several tests can be used to screen for alcohol dependence (AD), a prevalent disease with a heterogeneous etiology. As some patients with AD have a strong familial tendency in this regard, a family history of alcohol use disorders can affect the outcomes of screening tests and diagnostic evaluations for AD. In this study, we evaluated associations between a family history of alcohol use disorders and evaluations using the Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener (CAGE) test, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-fourth edition (DSM-IV) diagnostic criteria among patients with AD. Methods: We recruited 487 male patients with AD from eight hospitals in Korea. Patients were evaluated using the CAGE, AUDIT,and DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. Patients with and without family histories were compared in terms of these assessment tools. Results: Drinking initiation, uncontrollable drinking, and problem drinking occurred earlier and CAGE “annoyed” scores were higher in patients with a family history. Alcohol problems before the age of 25 years, frequency of spontaneous or compulsive alcohol-seeking behavior, and frequencies of psychological dependence and guilt related to alcohol use were also higher. Conclusion: Earlier drinking problems, higher scores on specific items of the CAGE, and AUDIT, and meeting more diagnostic criteria indicate more dependent, harmful drinking by patients with AD who have a family history of this condition. Clinicians should consider patients’ family history of alcohol use disorders when screening for AD to identify the correct diagnosis and develop appropriate treatment plans for these patients.

알코올 사용장애 유병율 성차에 영향을 주는 사회문화적 요인에 관한 연구

김연옥,박지연 한국정신건강사회복지학회 2009 정신보건과 사회사업 Vol.31 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate how differently the sociocultural factors affecting men, women Alcoholics, and What Sociocultural factors contributing to difference of prevalence rate in the alcohol use disorders. As a perspective associated with alcohol drinking, sociocultural point of view is social control theory, sub-cultural theory, the theory of social interaction. All three of these theories as a whole to be assembled to address sociocultural factors are effective. In three theory, sociocultural factors are extracted. Those are the social support, drinking culture, social network, and the social pressure. The research is based on the purposive sampling and surveyed on the men, women Alcoholics. They are belonging to the hospital, rehabilitation facilities of men, women Alcoholics in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Incheon in Korea. It was hard to reach face to face. So social support scale, acceptance scale of drinking culture, the social network scale, a measure of social pressure are answered by their own report. The questionnaires were sent by mail to the social workers. Lastly 100 men, 58 women of collected data were used in analysis. The data have been analysed by the statistic program of SPSS for Window Release 12.0. Descriptive statistical method is used to examine the population characteristics, clinical characteristics of men, women Alcoholics and t-test is used to examine the comparison sex with sociocultural factors and simple correlation analysis is used to examine sociocultural factors and sex. Finally, discriminant analysis is used to examine how the sociocultural factors affect men, women Alcoholics and what sociocultural factors contribute to devide the sex group. Analysis result can be summarized as followings ; It's different to 'relationship size' 'a number of drinking person in network' as a social network of the sub-factors and 'social pressure' between Men and women Alcoholics. However, Two factors are divided into two group(men Alcoholics, women Alcoholics) ; 'a number of drinking person in network', 'social pressure'. Other factors are abandoned. The major findings of this study can be summarized as followings ; Ultimately, In sociocultural perspective, 'a number of drinking person in network' and 'social pressure' contribute to the prevalence rate of men, women Alcoholics difference.(Men Alcoholics are three times more than women Alcoholics) 본 연구의 목적은 알코올 사용장애 유병율의 성차에 기여하는 사회문화적 요인들이 어떻게 성에 따라 다르게 영향을 미치고 있는지 탐색하는 것이다. 문제음주와 관련된 사회문화적 관점으로는 사회통제이론, 하위문화이론, 사회적 상호작용이론이 대표적인 사회문화적 이론이 있다. 위의 세 가지 이론에서 도출한 사회문화적 요인은 사회적 지지, 음주문화, 사회관계망, 사회적 압력이다. 본 연구에서는 각각의 요인이 남성과 여성 알코올 사용장애 환자에게 어떻게 다르게 영향을 미치고 있는지 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 서울, 경기, 인천지역의 병원이나 재활기관에 다니고 있는 알코올 사용장애 남성 100명, 여성 58명을 대상으로 사회적 지지척도, 음주문화 수용도 척도, 사회적 관계망 척도, 사회적 압력척도를 자기보고식으로 평정하였다. 분석은 사회문화적 요인의 성별 비교분석를 했고, 사회문화적 요인과 성별의 상관관계분석을 하였다. 마지막으로 성별 집단을 구분해주는 사회문화적 요인을 판별분석을 하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 남성과 여성 알코올 사용장애에서 차이가 있었던 것은 사회적 관계망의 하위요인인 ‘관계 크기’ 와 ‘관계망 내 음주자 수’ 였고, 마지막으로 사회적 압력이었다. 이 중 남성과 여성 알코올 사용장애에 유의미하게 영향을 주었고, 두 집단을 구분해주는 요인은 ‘관계망 내 음주자 수’ 와 사회적 압력이었다. 본 연구의 결과는 궁극적으로, 사회문화적 관점에서 남성 알코올 사용장애의 유병율이 여성 알코올 사용장애의 유병율보다 2~3배 더 크게 나타나는 것은 여성보다 남성에게 음주에 대한 “사회적 압력”이 더 강하고, “관계망 내 음주자 수”가 많기 때문인 것을 알 수 있다. 이에 근거하여 본 연구의 의의와 추후 연구 과제를 논의하였다.