ADHD 아동과 일반 아동의 철자 특성 비교

고선희 한국학습장애학회 2014 학습장애연구 Vol.11 No.1

This study aims to find out the characteristics of spelling error by gathering ADHD children's writing data and analyzing the spelling error patterns. 16 children with ADHD and 16 children without ADHD were studied in 3rd to 4th grade in elementary school. We told story to children and have them write what was heard again, gathered the writing data, and analyzed spelling error rate and spelling error patterns. The result says that children with ADHD showed higher spelling error rate than children without children significantly. Regarding spelling error types, children with ADHD showed higher rate in substitution/omission error and phonological/orthographic error than children without ADHD significantly. And children without ADHD showed the highest rate in phonological error out of total spelling errors. In the other hand, children with ADHD showed the highest rate in spelling error. This result has verified that children with ADHD show not only higher spelling error rate than children without ADHD, but also different pattern from children without ADHD in terms of spelling error. 본 연구에서는 ADHD 아동들의 글 자료를 수집하여 철자 오류 유형을 세부적으로 분석함으로써 이들이 보이는 철자 오류 특성을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 대상은 초등학교 3-4학년 ADHD 아동 16명과 일반 아동 16명으로 총 32명이었다. 아동들에게 이야기를 들려주고 들은 이야기를 다시 쓰도록 하여 글 자료를 수집한 후 철자 오류율과 철자 오류 유형(대치/생략/첨가 오류, 음운/표기/형태 오류)을 분석하였다. 그 결과 ADHD 아동들은 일반 아동들에 비해 철자 오류율이 유의미하게 높았다. 철자 오류 유형을 분석하였을 때 ADHD 아동은 대치와 생략 오류 비율이 일반 아동들에 비해 유의미하게 높았으며, 음운와 표기 오류 비율이 일반 아동들에 비해 유의미하게 높았다. 일반 아동들의 경우 전체 철자 오류에서 음운 오류 비율이 가장 높았던 것에 비해 ADHD 아동들은 표기 오류 비율이 가장 높게 나타났다. 이 같은 결과로 보아 ADHD 아동들은 일반 아동들에 비해 철자 오류율이 높을 뿐만 아니라 일반 아동들과는 다른 양상의 철자 오류를 보인다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

시각장애 중·고등학생의 한글 맞춤법 오류 양상 및 지도 방안

정송이,김영일 한국시각장애교육&재활학회 2010 시각장애연구 Vol.26 No.3

The purpose of this study was to propose the instructional strategies in Hangeul spelling by analyzing the error patterns for secondary students with visual impairments. A total of 62 students in grades from 7 to 11 were recruited to participate in this study from a School for the Blind. The participants were asked to perform two types of writing tasks (i.e., dictation and composition). They took dictation of passages at two different sessions from the researcher; they were also asked to write about their dream, as well as about the most impressive book they had read. The spelling errors were analyzed for dictation and composition, respectively. The participants made more grammatical errors compared to the errors in medium use. For grammatical errors, the participants made phonological errors more frequently than morphophonemic ones. With the errors in medium use, the participants made dot-based errors more frequently than cell-based errors. The most frequent type of dot-based error was the omission of dots in one cell, while the most frequent type of cell-based error was the omission of the whole cell. Instructional strategies for students with visual impairments were proposed and discussed for addressing different types of errors in Hangeul spelling. 이 연구는 시각장애 중·고등학생의 한글 맞춤법 오류 양상을 분석함으로써 시각장애 학생을 위한 한글 맞춤법 지도 전략을 탐색하는 데 그 목적이 있었다. 이러한 연구를 위해 시각장애학교 1개교의 중·고등학생 62명의 받아 쓰기 자료와 작문 자료를 수집·분석하였다. 이 연구에 참여한 학생들은 받아쓰기를 두 차례 수행하였으며, 자신의 장래 희망과 가장 인상 깊게 읽은 도서에 대해 작문 과제를 제출하였다. 오류 양상은 정안 중·고등학생의 맞춤법 오류 유형 분석을 기본으로 하되, 점자정보단말기라는 매체를 사용하는 시각장애 중·고등학생의 상황을 반영하여 문법 오류 및 매체 오류 등으로 나눈 분석 기준을 적용하였다. 오류 양상을 분석한 결과 받아쓰기와 작문 과제에서 유사한 경향을 보였는데 문법 오류가 매체 사용 오류보다 많았고, 문법 오류 중 음운론적 오류가 형태 음운론적 오류보다 많았다. 음운론적 오류 중에서는 자음혼란보다 모음혼란이 더 많았는데 모음 혼란 중에서는 'ㅐ'와 'ㅔ'의 혼란이 가장 많았다. 매체 사용 오류 중에서는 점단위 오류가 칸단위 오류보다 많았고, 점단위 오류 중에서는 한칸내 점 탈락이 가장 많았으며, 칸단위 오류 중에서는 한 칸 탈락이 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 시각장애 중·고등학생들이 보인 오류 양상을 고려하여 소리 나는 대로 쓰기 지도, 어법에 맞게 쓰기 지도, 점자정보단말기 지도 등을 제시하였다.

철자 오류의 음운론적 분석을 위한철자 오류 DB 구축 : 교양 강좌 <아카데믹한국어>의 자료를 활용하여

고랑원,임현열 중앙대학교 다빈치미래교양연구소 2018 교양학연구 Vol.0 No.8

The purpose of this study is to identify the necessity of building a spelling error database to analyze phonologically the causes of Korean spelling errors in Chinese Korean learners, showing the current status of the data for building the spelling errors DB, and the process and practice of implementing the database. This is intended to ensure the validity of the data that will be used in subsequent studies showing that Korean spelling errors and Korean pronunciation errors of the Chinese are relevant in the future. The main points of this study are three: First, I would like to examine existing studies on spelling errors and point out the difficulty of securing objectivity in the study since it was conducted without the need for concrete database building in the existing studies. This will identify the need to build a spell-error DB. Next, we will present the data status by showing the data collection and processing process for DB construction. It will characterize the data collected for DB deployment, including the collection process and the size of the collection. Finally, I want to show the process and reality of DB deployment. The process of building a database, including data processing systems and tagging symbols for building a database, will be specific and present actual examples of spelling errors produced through the process. These studies are difficult in themselves to form a theoretical discussion, but will be meaningful in that they will specifically introduce the data to be used in future studies.

초등학생들의 받아쓰기 활동에 나타난 철자 오류 분석

김정렬(Kim, Jeong-ryeol),손정은(Son, Jeong-Eun) 한국영어교과교육학회 2012 영어교과교육 Vol.11 No.1

The purpose of this study is to identify errors that learners make by analyzing spelling errors of dictation results that third to sixth graders in elementary school committed. First, the types of errors are categorized into spelling addition, omission, transposition and substitution based on errors that they make repeatedly on their dictation. Second, frequency and substitution of errors in consonants, vowels and suffixes are identified. Third, the characteristics of errors in each grade are presented along with their developmental sequences in spelling. The findings obtained by this study are as follows: First, most dominant error type was substitution of other spellings. Second, the learners showed difficulty in semivowel like w among consonants when it is the first consonant, and they also have difficulty in double consonant like ck, ng and ch placed in final consonantal position. Among vowels, learners showed the higher error rate in long vowel than in short vowel. Third, it's found that lower graders tend to memorize the shape of spelling and connect it with its sound rather than to make a direct connection between sound and spelling. When students become senior graders, they tend to be aware of the relationships between sound and spelling as their phonological awareness is matured. Patterns of spelling were mapped out gradually with more successes. In addition, they acquire the ability to identify and fix the errors of spelling by themselves.

음악적 말년성: 담론과 실천

조현리 ( Cho Hyunree ) 이화여자대학교 음악연구소 2021 이화음악논집 Vol.25 No.1

이 논문은 비판적 관점에서 음악적 말년성 개념을 탐구한다. 논문은 먼저 음악분석과 아도르노의 ‘말년의 양식’ 개념 사이의 상호작용을 고찰하고, 최근 음악학에서 사이드의 ‘말년의 양식’ 개념이 수용되는 방식을 살펴본다. 또한 음악적 말년성 담론의 대표적인 텍스트인 “베토벤의 말년 양식”(1937)을 비롯한 아도르노의 텍스트를 비판이론의 시각에서 재해석하는 과정을 통해, 다채로운 스펙트럼을 구성하는 베토벤적 말년성 개념의 역동적 측면과 일관된 미학적 지향에 대한 이해를 도모한다. 마지막으로 최근의 말년성 담론에서 나타나는 여러 비판적 경향을 분석함으로써 음악적 말년성 개념의 문제적 측면을 검토하고, 음악적 말년성 담론이 어떤 의미에서 현재의 음악학적 실천을 위한 메타담론으로 기능할 수 있는지를 묻는다. 궁극적으로 이 논문은 음악적 말년성을 비롯한 문제적 개념의 수용과 적용에 영향을 끼치는 음악학적 담론과 실천 사이의 관계를 이해하고자 한다. This paper explores the concept or musical lateness from a critical point of view. It first examines the interaction between music analysis and the notion of late style, and investigates the recent reception of Edward Said’s concept of late style within musicological studies. Analyzing Adorno’s seminal essay, “Late Style in Beethoven” (1937) and other writings on the composer’s late style from a perspective of Critical Theory, the paper explicates the dynamic nature and intentionality of the idea of Beethovenian lateness. The paper then delves into the current discourse of musical lateness in which various critical perspectives are applied to the concept of musical lateness. Ultimately, the paper tries to understand the relationship between musicological discourse and practice that impinges upon the reception and application of problematic musicological concepts such as musical lateness. It discusses whether the discourse of musical lateness can serve as a meta-discourse for present musicological practices.

영어 철자 오류의 원인 탐색: 학생 면담을 통해

조길은,배정옥 한국외국어교육학회 2024 Foreign languages education Vol.31 No.1

Previous studies on English spelling have investigated the types of spelling errors and their frequencies, and studies on why learners made those errors have been called for. This study aimed to identify factors leading to errors in the English-spelling of Korean elementary school students. The factors were investigated by using the following methods: A total of 130 students from O Elementary School were given three types of word-writing tasks: dictation of single words, dictation of short sentences, and writing words as many as the students can based on pictures depicting familiar scenes. The errors in their writing samples were classified into five types. The students were interviewed about why they made those errors. The results showed that the errors were influenced by the factors: the students’ first language, background knowledge, pronunciation, and morphological reasons. The results suggest that if teachers understood these factors, they would be able to explore better teaching methods for reducing errors in English spelling, and that future research could apply these factors for further investigations.

한국어 어휘의미망을 이용한 문맥 의존 철자오류 교정규칙의 일반화

김민호(Minho Kim),최현수(Hyunsoo Choi),권혁철(Hyukchul Kwon),윤애선(Aesun Yoon) 한국정보과학회 2014 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지 Vol.20 No.2

맞춤법 오류어의 유형은 크게 단순 철자오류와 문맥 철자오류로 구분할 수 있다. 이중 문맥 철자오류는 문맥의 의미?통사적 관계를 고려해야만 해당 어휘의 오류 여부를 알 수 있다. 기존 한국어 맞춤법 검사기에서 문맥 철자오류의 검색과 교정을 위해 가장 많이 사용하는 방법은 언어 전문가가 수작업으로 구축한 교정규칙을 이용하는 방법이다. 규칙을 이용한 방법은 그 특성상 오류 교정의 정확도는 매우 높지만, 문맥에 나타난 어휘 간의 정확한 일치를 전제하므로 재현율은 낮다. 본 논문에서는 규칙을 이용한 문맥 철자오류 교정의 재현율 향상을 위해 기존 교정규칙에서 논항의 선택제약 조건을 확장하는 방법을 제안한다. 이를 위해 한국어 어휘의미망의 관계 정보를 이용하여 논항의 선택제약 조건을 충족하는 어휘의 공통 상위 개념을 찾고, 해당 상위 개념의 하위 개념을 문맥에 다시 포함함으로써 문맥 정보를 확장한다. 제안한 방법은 기존 교정규칙의 재현율을 약 10% 높였다. Spelling error words are largely divided into non-word spelling error and context-sensitive spelling error. For context-sensitive spelling errors, error of the word can be determined only by considering the semantic and syntactic relation of the context. The most common method used by conventional Korean spelling and grammar checker uses correction rules that was manually established by linguists. Although the rule-based method has very high precision in error correction, but the recall is low because it requires exact agreement of the words in the context. This study proposes a method to expand conditions for selectional restrictions of argument in existing error correction rules in order to improve recall in correcting context-sensitive spelling errors. For this objective, relational information of Korean WordNet is used to find the common superordinate concept that satisfies conditions for selectional restrictions of an argument, and the subordinate concept of the relevant superordinate concept is included again in the context to expand the context information. The proposed method increased the recall of existing correction rules by about 10%.

Young Korean EFL Learners’ Spelling Errors: An Exploratory Study

왕신애,최인철,석데리아순영 현대문법학회 2020 현대문법연구 Vol.107 No.-

The knowledge of spelling cannot be earned by learning the relations between the sounds and graphemes. However, this study shows that the learners' knowledge is not a mere result of simple memorization. The current study found that the learners’ spelling knowledge is interwoven with their established phonemic inventory and their imperfect knowledge of the target language spelling. Using a learner corpus (KNU English Learner Corpus) constructed from young learners, primary school grades from 4 to 6, enrolled in a gifted English program, we extracted and examined 125 erroneously spelled words each from the basic level and the advanced level subcorpus. Building on Justicia et al. (1999), the error data were classified into six categories and an additional category of morpheme error (MOR) with substitution and omission errors accounting for 76.3% of the total errors. Conducting further analysis, we were able to identify typical cases of the errors and the underlying causes inducing the errors. Generally speaking, the substitution error is found to be due to the variability between grapheme and sound whereas the omission error is often caused by the learners’ tendency to prefer simpler grapheme- phoneme relations. There also exists considerable intervention of the learners' Korean phonemic inventory, particularly in lower level learners. The findings from this study can be used to provide various specific guides for effective spelling instruction and help learners become more confident about their writing.

인공와우이식아동의 철자 특성

김영욱 한국특수교육학회 2012 특수교육학연구 Vol.47 No.3

본 연구에서는 인공와우이식아동의 철자쓰기 능력과 철자쓰기에서 나타나는 오류 유형에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 인공와우이식아동 13명과 일반아동 13명을 대상으로 음소-자소가 대응되는 규칙 단어와 음운변동 단어 총 53문항의 철자쓰기 검사를 시행하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 인공와우이식아동 집단은 일반아동 집단에 비해 철자쓰기 총점 평균이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 규칙 단어 철자쓰기에서는 두 집단 간에 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 음운변동 단어 중 장애음의 비음화, 설측음의 비음화, 설측음화, 겹받침에서는 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 그러나 모든 범주(규칙 단어, 음운변동 단어별)의 총점 평균에서 인공와우이식아동 집단이 일반아동 집단에 비해 낮은 수행을 보였다. 셋째, 오류 유형에서 인공와우이식아동 집단은 일반아동 집단에 비해 표기처리오류보다 음운처리오류를 더 많이 보이는 것으로 나타났으며, 일반아동 집단이 보이지 않는 오류 유형(무응답, 제시한 단어와 매우 상이한 오류)을 보이기도 하였다. 또한 일반아동 집단에서는 제시된 단어의 음소와 유사한 자소로 오류를 보이는 반면, 인공와우이식아동 집단은 음소와 자소가 유사하지 않은 오류를 더 많이 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 인공와우이식 아동에게 적절한 철자교육 방안이 필요함을 알 수 있다. The purpose of this study is to know spelling accuracy and error patterns of children with cochlear implants. The spelling of 13 profoundly deaf users of cochlear implants were compared with those 13 hearing peers. They participated in a spelling test that included both regular words and phonological changed words. Major results are summed up as follows. First, spelling accuracy of two groups showed significant differences in the total score. Second, the spelling accuracy of regular words of two groups were not significantly different, but there were significant differences in some categories of phonological changed words. Third, as for the rates of spelling errors, deaf children with cochlear implants showed phonological processing words errors more than orthographic processing errors. However, hearing children showed orthographic processing errors more than phonological processing errors.

한국어-베트남어 사전에 나타난 한국어 오류 조사

박은하 국제한국어교육학회 2008 한국어 교육 Vol.19 No.3

This study aims on examining whether Korean-Vietnamese dictionary which Vietnamese learners of learning Korean language mostly use has errors of Korean language. We will also analyze which kinds of errors are shown in Korean-Vietnamese dictionary and will research their frequencies. Of error types such as examining result of dictionary, vocabulary, grammar, others and mingling, other errors showed highest ratio as 52.6%, and of these other errors, spacing words error showed ratio of 44%. Second in ratio is shaping error of vocabulary among vocabulary errors and its ratio is 20.2%, which spelling errors are most occurred. Spacing words and spelling which are most basic rule in dictionary have frequent errors. This may provide wrong information to Korean learners and may cause confusion when learning. Learners mostly depend on dictionary about vocabulary. The dictionary for Korean language learners is still short in quantity, and in particular, dictionary for Vietnamese learners may be said to be none. The dictionary for Korean language learners as well as for Vietnamese learners should be published urgently, and usage of vocabulary and error examples with exact explanation should be provided. We think that this study will help to understand the errors of Vietnamese learners a little, and further more it will be a reference to search the plan using to vocabulary instruction or instruction and study on Vietnamese learners.