Overexpression of Zoysia ZjCIGR1 gene confers cold stress resistance to zoysiagrass

Yang‑Ji Kim,Dae‑Hwa Yang,Mi‑Young Park,Hyeon‑Jin Sun,Pill‑Soon Song,Hong‑Gyu Kang,Seok‑Cheol Suh,Yong‑Eok Lee,이효연 한국식물생명공학회 2020 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.14 No.1

Zoysia japonica Steud. is a warm-season lawn grass popular in Korea and elsewhere. They are cultivated in many places such as river banks, roadside, and play grounds. However, there still is a disadvantage of frequent mowing, and the grass grows poorly under the chilly conditions. To develop a grass variety that circumvents these drawbacks, we cloned the chitininducible gibberellins-responsive1 gene (CIGR1) from zoysiagrass. The full length of the ZjCIGR1 (Zj; Zoysia japonica Steud.) gene was obtained by 5′/3′ RACE PCR and the phylogenetic tree showed that it belonged to the CIGR1-subgroup in the PAT1-group of GRAS protein family. Expression of the ZjCIGR1 in wild-type plants was confirmed in roots, meristems, leaves, and flowers, especially high in the flowers. The transgenic zoysiagrass was confirmed by PCR using gene-specific primers, phosphinothricin-acetyl-transferase (PAT) strip test, and Southern blot analysis. ZjCIGR1-overexpressing plants acquired tolerance to cold stress displaying morphological phenotypes characteristic of stress resistance. In addition, in the transformants, expression of the ZjCIGR1 as well as cold-regulated (COR) gene was increased compared to the wild-type plants under cold stress condition. These results suggest that ZjCIGR1 gene is an important candidate for regulating cold stress resistance.

Plant Regeneration and Bulblet Formation of Allium wakegi Araki

Song,Won-seob,Yang,Deok-Chun,Yoon,Jae-Ho,Ryu,Sang-Hyun 한국자원식물학회 2004 Plant Resources Vol.7 No.1

Allium wakegi was cultured shoot tip in the condition of light culture. The Allium wakegi added plant growth regulator was observed of plant regeneration and bulblet formation. Callus Induction and growing rate was the best of 78% when added alone 2,4-D 0.5mg/L. In the formation of shoot, its regeneration rate was 96% when added BA 0.5mg/L in the light culture condition. When BA 0.5mg/L and NAA 0.5mg/L mixed and BA 0.5 mg/L and NAA 1.0mg/L mixed, the rates were 99% and 97% respectively, and these conditions were suitable for forming shoot. In the formation of roots, when added NAA 2.0mg/L in the light culture condition, the regeneration rate was 90.6 % and the roots were abnormal. When added NAA 1.0mg/L, the rate was 82 % and the highest. In the formation of bulbs, when BA 05mg/L and NAA 1.0mg/L mixed, the root generantion and its size in the bulbs was the best compare to other treatment experiments.

조선후기 지방재정과 계방의 출현 : 제역 및 제역촌과 관련하여

송양섭(Song Yang-seop) 湖西史學會 2011 역사와 담론 Vol.0 No.59

The Gye-Bang is a form of financing administration reluctantly adopted by local governments as a protocol of Je-yeok witnessed the Daedong Act and the Gyunyeok Act during the eighteenth century. The old practice of Je-yeok, however, was extensively adhered in procuring local incomes even after the enactment of Daedong and the Gyunyeok because the financial compensation was limited to the central government and the local finance was still in trouble. In the meantime, with the background of both communal taxing and the practice of Yang-ho, a various ways of Bang-nab (a sort of proxy tax payment) were widespread; the traditional Jye-yeok Villages (the tax-exempt communities) were, as a result, transformed into a new form of Gye-bang. Same in the cases of contemporaneous Min-go and Gunpogye practices, the Gye-bang was a kind of proxy-taxing agent between local government and community; it was highly propagated with the merits of both evading military duties and financing local institutes though. As a result, the Gye-bang played a significant role in collecting local revenue and this explains why it was strongly customized in the local administration in spite of its banning by central government.

書堂에 관한 歷史的 考察

宋楊燮 春川敎育大學 1983 論文集 Vol.23 No.-

19세기 유학층(幼學層)의 증가양상 : 『단성호적대장』을 중심으로

송양섭 한국역사연구회 2005 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.55

The present study attempts to elucidate aspects of increase of the Yuhak class in terms of change of Jikyeok structure. The Danseong census registration shows a steady increase of the class of Yuhak, eventually reaching 80% of total taxable people in the late 19th century. Some 60 to 70% of Yuhak maintained their status, but about 20% showed repetitive in-and-outs from of the Yuhak class. While 92.7% of total taxable people maintained their status, 4.1% moved up and 3.2% moved down to the next status category. This as a whole suggests a very stable maintenance of the Jikyeok structure. Newly included Yuhakho were dominated by Jeokoeho, which were clearly distinguished by traditional yangban families. The fact that they were permitted to be included to the Yuhak may reflect the demand to move up to the upper class. However, we should not understand this in terms of disarray of administrative structure, which positively adjusted to the changed condition under the rapid social change.

機械化 集材作業에 따른 適定 林道密度 算出에 關한 考察

梁松鉉 동국대학교 생명자원과학대학 연습림 1993 연습림논문집 Vol.- No.3

The objective of this study is to investigate the optimum forest road density under the actual circumstance of forestry in Korea. In order to analyze the optimum forest road density, this study made use of the method “minimizing the total cost”. In this analysis, only monetary aspect were taken into account. They are: cost for forest road construction and maintenance, and cost for skidding. The applied skidding methods were mobile cable crane(K­300), forestry tractor(MB­Trac) and plastic shute(Leykam Logline). The result of analysis, namely the optimum forest road density is 11.12m/ha. Besides the result of this calculation, it was recommended to reckon in the walking cost of forest work and management, and the reduction of forest area caused by laying out of forest roads.

창원지역 일부 초등학교 고학년 학생의 전통발효식품에 대한 기호도와 영양지식 조사연구

송양순,허은실,이경화 창원대학교 생활과학연구소 2000 생활과학연구 Vol.4 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate Food Preference and Nutritional Knowledge for Traditional Fermented foods that was basic data to develope nutrition education program and to increase consumption of traditional fermented foods. The questionnaires have been collected from 229 fourth, fifth and sixth grade students of one elementary in Changwon. The results of this study were summarized as follows. 70.1% of students answered that they like ganjang, and that was higher in male compared to female(p<0.05). 82.2% of students answered that they like kochujang, and the hot taste of the kochujang was main reason of their like of kochujang and it was the most important reason for those also dislike of kochujang. 57.4% of students like deonjang, and that was higher in male than female same as ganjang(p<0.05). The reason for favorite deonjang was 'superior taste', 'great nutrient' and 'frequent consumption', and that was significantly defferent between gender. 84.2% of students answered that they like kimchi. The main reason for favorite kimchi was same as that of deonjang, and that dislike kimchi was 'hot taste' and 'inferior taste'. The student's most favorite food cooked with kimchi were stir fried kimchi rice and kimchi stew. The Student wanted taste of kimchi which was mild hot, hot and mild sweet, 85.6% of students prefer sikhe. The main reason for like sikhe was 'superior taste' and that dislike sikhe was 'inferior taste'. Most parents used to traditional fermented foods in meal preparation. The mean of nutrition knowledge was 6.03, and that was not significantly defferent between gender. Consequently these date suggest that education program to increase of nutrition knowledge and consumption of traditional fermented food is required for elementary school students.

朝鮮時代 書院敎育에 關한 一考察

宋楊燮 춘천교육대학교 초등교육연구소 1990 敎育硏究 Vol.8 No.-

中學生의 尊待法 實態考察 : 麗水·麗川 地域을 中心으로

成洋彬 朝鮮大學校 敎育大學院 1986 敎育論叢 Vol.2 No.2

두릅의 질소, 인산, 가리 시비 반응

송성준,박양문 제주대학교 방사능이용연구소 2001 연구보고 Vol.15 No.-

Responses of N, P and K fertilizer to Aralia elata were observed by pot experiment. The nitrogen content, height and stem diameter in plant increased by increasing N application rates. There was a big difference in the growth and P-uptake between P treatment and control, which indicated that more P application was required in less P-fertilized cultivation field of Aralia elata in the middle mountain of Cheju. However, K-fertilization also didn't show any favorable response to the growth as well as K-uptake. This indicates that K content in test soil was adequate to tree growth. On the other hand, as the N response to tree was most remarkable among three major nutrients, N, P and K. N-fertilization therefore was found very important to the growth of Aralia elata, but the amount of three fertilizers, N, P and K to be applied to the three could not be determined by pot experiments. Because the limited volume of soil in the pot could not gave a satisfactory tree's growth.