cAMP가 보리와 귀리잎 Protoplast의 팽윤에 미치는 영향

송필순,송성준,유장걸,문두길 제주대학교 방사능이용연구소 1988 연구보고 Vol.3 No.-

암조건에서 생육시킨 보리(barley)와 귀리(oat) 잎의 상단부에서 분리한 protoplasts는 dibutyryl cAMP 처리에 의해서 팽윤되었으며 또한, 적색광과 cAMP 혼합처리에 의해서는 protoplasts 팽윤효과가 상승되었다. 따라서 phytochrome작용계와 cAMP는 일련의 공통기능을 갖고 있는 것으로 사료되며, GA₃처리에 의해서도 보리와 귀리의 protoplasts가 팽윤되므로 GA₃와 cAMP 그리고 phytochrome작용계가 서로 연류되어 있을 가능성이 있다고 생각된다. 한편, 적색광을 조사하거나 GA₃를 처리한후 전자현미경사진을 촬영해 봤을 때, 적색광처리에서는 plastid발달이, GA₃처리에서는 액포발달이 현저하였다. The effect of cAMP on the swelling of protoplasts isolated from the primary leaves of etiolated barley and oat was studied. The presence of 50ul dibutyryl cAMP caused protoplast swelling. The red light irradiation after adding dibutyryl cAMP enhanced the increase of protoplast size. It is likely that cAMP and phytochrome have common regulatory mechanism mediating protoplast swelling. The protoplast swelling of oat and barley leaves was accelerated by GA₃addition, indicating that cAMP, phytochrome and GA₃were closely involved in protoplast swelling. The electron microscopic pictures showed that red light irradiation made better plastid development in oat protoplasts and GA₃addition increased the vacuole size.

화학광량계에 의한 Stentor coeruleus 중의 ATP 정량

민태진,송필순 동국대학교 자연과학연구소 1984 자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.4 No.-

S. coeruleus의 소광반응 촉진에 관계하는 적색광을 조사하여, 세포내 ATP량의 변화를 관찰하였다. luciferase-luciferin 반응의 생물발광을 좌우하는 ATP를 화학광량계로 Potassium ferrioxalate를 사용하는 방법에 의하여 측정하였다. S. coeruleus에 610nm의 빛을 2초동안 조사함에 따라, 세포내 ATP농도는 대조구에 비하여 총단백질 1,000ug당 710nM이 증가되었다. 2초이상 (45초까지) 조사할때는 ATP량이 점점 감소하였지만, 45초 이상 조사시는 ATP농도가 점점 증가하여, 120초 조사에서는 2초동안 조사하였을때의 농도와 유사하였다. 이런 결과는 S. coeruleus 내 Ca?-ATPase의 역활에 기인되는 것으로 보여진다. Changes in cellular ATP level due to red light irradiation and its possible correlation to the step-up photophobic response in S. coeruleus have been investigated. The ATP dependent bioluminescence of luciferase-luciferin reaction was measured by the potassium ferrioxalate chemical actinometric method. Upon irradiation of S. coeruleus with 610nm actinic light for 2 seconds, the ATP concentration in the cells increased by 71nmole/1,000ug of total protein as compared to that of the control group. Irradiation beyond 2 seconds (up to 45 seconds) resulted in a decrease in the ATP level. However, subsequent irradiation caused a gradual increase in the ATP concertration which reached a preirradiation level at 120 seconds of irradiation. These results reflect as a functional rele of Ca?-ATPase in S. coeruleus.

Phytochrome이 보리잎 Protoplast의 팽윤에 미치는 영향

홍경애,송성준,송필순,유장걸,문두길 제주대학교 방사능이용연구소 1986 연구보고 Vol.2 No.-

암조건에서 생육시킨 보리(Hordeum valgare)잎의 생장점 부근에서 분리한 Protoplast가 적색광 처리에 의해서 팽윤되었고 적외선광에 의해서는 적색광 효과과 소멸되었다. 이 사실은 Protoplast의 팽윤이 Phytochrome에 의해서 조절됨을 시사하는 것이나 Phytochrome의 작용기작을 알기 위해서는 다각적인 연구가 필요하다. 실험결과로 부터 적색광 처리시간은 2분 적색광 처리후 배양시간은 2시간이 적당함을 알았다. Protoplast 배양액의 Sorbitol 농도에 따른 크기변화는 농도가 낮을수록 커졌으며 0.4M 이하에서는 Protoplast가 파괴되었다. Light effect on the size of protoplasts isolated from etiolated barley leaves was studied. Red light irradiation caused a swelling of protoplasts while little change in size found under the dark condition. Photoreversibility by red light and far-red light was found in protoplast swelling, indicating the involvement of phytochrome. Action mechanism of phytochrome on protoplast swelling should be clarified in aspect of growth regulators and intermediates involved. Two minute irradiation time and two hour incubation after red light treatment were found sufficient to induce protoplast swelling. The protoplasts were swollen according to the sorbitol concentration of incubation media but destroyed below 0.4M-sorbitol concentration.

하치조신경 및 설신경 손상 평가를 위한 한국인 정상 성인의 하순-이부 및 혀의 감각 조사

이종호,이세영,송승일,이은진,안강민,김성민,명훈,황순정,서병무,최진영,정필훈,김명진 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 2003 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.25 No.2

In the head and neck area, there are so many sensory nerves, which are sometimes injuried iatrogenically or inadvertently so that involved patients complained of the loss of sensations. In such cases, it is important to judge the degree of injuries and regeneration of nerve for better diagnosis and treatment. Seddon and Sunderland's classification, which is commomly used, is focused on histological change and nerve conduction. As times goes by, it is difficult to access patient's sensory disturbance by this method. Until now, so many methods such as contract threshold, direction, two-point discrimination, pin prick, thermal discrimination and current perception threshold have been introduced for sensory evaluation. However, there hasn't been enough information regarding each methodology nor integrated standard methodology for the measurement. the purpose of this study is to get Korean adult normative sensory values of lower lip,chin and tongue using modified methods of contact thershold, ditection, two point discrimination, pin prick, thermal discrimination and assess degree of regeneration of sensory nerve damage.

Molecular Structure of Phytochrome as Probed by Intrinsic Tryptophan Phosphorescence of Degraded 59 Kilodalton Chromopeptide

한태룡,송필순,Hahn, Tae-Ryong,Song, Pill-Soon Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 1987 한국생화학회지 Vol.20 No.1

Phytochrome의 chromophore와 apoprotein의 분자 구조 및 배열을 알아보기 위해 분해된 small phytochrome (59 kD)의 트립토판 인광을 측정하였다. 인광수명값은 비교적 짧았으며 Pr형 (0.21초)과 Pfr형 (0.19초)간의 차이는 거의 없었다. 또한 트립토판에서 chromophore로의 에너지 전달은 관찰되지 않았다. 이는 large phytochrome (118 kD)에서 트립토판으로부터 Pr chromophore로 에너지가 효과적으로 전달된다는 사실 (Sarkar & Song. 1982)과는 상반된다. 이상의 결과로부터 proximal 트립토판잔기가 55 kD nonchromophore domain에 존재하며 이 부분이 단백분해 효소에 의해 잘려나가 small phytochorme 산불이 생성되는 것으로 믿어진다. The intrinsic phosphorescence of the degraded small phytochrome which has a molecular mass of 59 kilodalton(kD) was measured to probe the chromophore and apoprotein topography of phytochrome. Phosphorescence life times of tryptophan(Trp) residues of the small phytochrome show relatively short values and virtually no differences between the red light absorbing, Pr(0.21 s) and far red light absorbing, Pfr(0.19 s) forms. No delayed fluorescence from the chromophore upon excitation of Trp residues was observed, indicating that there is no energy transfer from the Trp(s) to the hromophore. The large phytochrome (118 kD) showed efficient energy transfer from the proximal Trp(s) to the Pr chromophore and a delayed fluorescence from the Pr hromophore upon excitation of Trps at 290 nm (Sarkar and Song, 1982). Results suggest that the 55 kD nonchromophore domain where the proximal Trp(s) resides is removed in the small phytochrome by proteolytic degradation.

단세포 나팔벌레,Stentor coeruleus의 빛에 의한 ATP 합성

Chen, B.H.,허재욱,민태진,Iwatsuki, K,송필순 동국대학교 자연과학연구소 1986 자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.6 No.-

나팔벌레의 세포내 ATP 함량은 0.5~2초동안 40W/m₂백색광을 조사함에 따라 어두운 상태의 대조구에 비하여 급격히 증가하였고, 빛을 계속하여 조사하면 세포내 ATP 함량은 단계적으로 감소하였다. 광수용체 색소 Stentorin 을 포함하고 있는 색소 미립자를 나팔벌레 완전세포로부터 분리하여 이에 ADP와 pi를 가한 혼합물에 빛을 조사하여 ATP가 생성됨을 확인하였다. 나팔벌레 완전세포와 색소미립자주으이 ATP 함량은 변량울에 (fluence rate)의존하였다. 이들 결과로 생명체는 광양자를 ATP로 전이시킬 수 있고, ATP 생성은 나팔벌레 색소미립자의 특성으로 사려된다. The cellular ATP level in Stentor coeruleus jumped above the dark control level when stimulated by 0.5-2 second light pulses (40W/m₂white light). Continued, irradiation fo the cells caused a gradual decline of the cellular ATP level. Pigment granules containing the photoreceptor pigment stentorin isolated from whole cells also exhibited a light-induced ATP synthesis. The ATP level in both whole cells and pigment granules was dependent upon the fluence rate. These results suggest that the organism is capable of tranducing light quanta into ATP and that ATP synthesis is localized in the pigment granule.

A Molecular Model for the Structure and Function of phytochrome in Higher Plants

( Pill Soon Song,In Soo Kim,Tae Ryong Hahn ) 한국토양비료학회 1981 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 Vol.1981 No.26

A Molecular Model for Light Signal Perception and Interdomain Crosstalk in Phytochrome Photoreceptors

Song, Pill-Soon,Park, Chung-Mo Korean Society of Photoscience 2000 Journal of Photosciences Vol.7 No.3

Phytochromes are red and far-red light absorbing photoreceptors for photomorphogenesis in plants. The red/far wavelength reversible biliproteins are made up of two structural domains. The light-perceiving function of the photoreceptor resides in the N-terminal domain, whereas the signal transducing regulatory function is located within the C-terminal domain. The characteristic role of the phytochromes as phtosensory molecular switches is derived from the phototransformation between two distinct spectral forms, the red light absorbing Pr and the far-red light absorbing Pfr forms. The photoinduced Pr Pfr phototransformation accompanies subtle conformational changes throughout the phytochrome molecule. The conformational signals are subsequently transmitted to the C-terminal domain through various inter-domain crosstalks and induce the interaction of the activated C-terminal domain with phytochrome interacting factors. Thus the inter-domain crosstalks play critical roles in the photoactivation of the phytochromes. Posttranslational modifications, such as the phosphorylation of Ser-598, are also involved in this process through conformational changes and by modulating inter-domain signaling.

Photosensory Signal Transduction in Stentor Coeruleus

Song, Pill-Soon Korean Society of Photoscience 1999 Journal of Photosciences Vol.6 No.1

Mini - Inter-Domain Signal Transmission within the Phytochromes

Song, Pill Soon 생화학분자생물학회 2000 BMB Reports Vol.32 No.3

Phytochromes (with gene family members phyA, B, C, D, and E) are a wavelength-dependent light sensor or switch for gene regulation that underscore a number of photoresponsive developmental and morphogenic processes in plants. Recently, phytochrome-like pigment proteins have also been discovered in prokaryotes, possibly functioning as an autophosphorylating/phosphate-relaying two-component signaling system (Yeh et al., 1997). Phytochromes are photochromically convertible between the light sensing Pr and regulatory active Pfr forms. Red light converts Pr to Pfr, the latter having a $quot;switch-on$quot; conformation. The Pfr form triggers signal transduction pathways to the downstream responses including the expression of photosynthetic and other growth-regulating genes. The components involved in and the molecular mechanisms of the light signal transduction pathways are largely unknown, although G-proteins, protein kinases, and secondary messengers such as Ca^(2+) ions and cGMP are implicated. The 124-127 kDa phytochromes form homodimeric structures. The N-terminal half contains the tetrapyrrolic phytochromobilin for red/far-red light absorption. The C-terminal half includes both a dimerization motif and regulatory box where the red light signal perceived by the chromophore-domain is recognized and transduced to initiate the signal transduction cascade. A working model for the interdomain signal communication within the phytochrome molecule is proposed in this Review.