인체 경추부의 유한요소 모델링

최형연,엄홍원 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1998 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.9 No.1

The cervical is located between the human head and torso and serves two important anatomical functions. It allows for mobility between the head and the lower body parts while protecting spinal code. The cervical spine is quite vulnerable to external impact during automobile collision. For example, a sudden forward/rearward bending motion of passenger head may cause severe nerve damage. Although such cervical spine damage caused by non-contact-type forces during automobile accident usually does not involve bony fracture, the resulting injury often entails long-term pain and discomfort. In general, finding causes for the cervical spine injury through clinical investigation is very difficult undertaking. There have been numerous experimental as well as analytical studies to date for elucidating relevant factors. In particular, various simulation methods such as finite element method have been utilized to look into injury mechanisms involved. The main advantage of the simulation techniques is that a wide variety of loads and injury causing conditions can be designed and applied as opposed to clinical tests in which inherent limits on test conditions exist. A finite element model of human cervical spine based on anatomical geometry and material properties of the important elements such as vertebrae, discs, ligaments, and muscles is developed. This model can be used for understanding and predicting potential cervical injury mechanisms as well as for designing protective devices.

국제수지 흑자의 효율적 관리방안

최형원 啓明專門大學 産業開發硏究所 2001 啓明硏究論叢 Vol.19 No.1

본 연구는 국제수지 흑자 상태에서 바람직한 경제정책의 방향을 모색하였다. 최근 수년간에 걸친 국제수지 흑자는 우리나라의 신인도 제고는 물론 외채감소에도 크게 기여하였다. 그러나 국제수지흑자는 유동성 증가를 통해 물가안정 등의 거시경제 불안정의 한 요인이 되기도 한다. 본 연구에서 도출된 국제수지 흑자의 관리방안은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 실질실효환율을 낮추어 수출을 둔화시키고 수입을 확대시켜 나간다. 둘째. 수입제한을 완화하거나 관세의 인하를 통하여 수입재화의 가격을 낮추어 수입을 확대한다. 셋째. 수출촉진에 있어서 종래의 양적 확대 지원정책에서 질적 내실화로 전환하고 이를 위해 부가가치가 높은 산업에 대한 지원을 늘이고 산업구조조정을 고려한 수입정책으로 전환해야 한다. The national economy has met exceptional booms and the chance to fix the surplus in the balance of payments since 1998. This paper has been designed for the purpose of researching the domestic economic policy under these circumstances. In this present point of view the economic policy under the surplus of payments resolves itself into the followings. Firstly, exports must be slowed down while imports should be increased by lowering the real exchange rate through the revaluation of the won and the wage increase. Secondly, the reasonable level in the balance of payments can be maintained by easing international trade pressure and friction, and extending imports by means of import liberalization. Thirdly, investment in the advanced nations as well as in the underdeveloped countries is to be induced to heighten the rat of the existing export market occupancy. considering not only strengthening of local enterprises' international competitioners but also reinforcement of the import restrictions and the tendency of shortening in the cycle of the industrial tenor caused by the cut in import-supporting policy and the activation of direct investment to abroad

O-Cresolsulfonphthalein 誘導체 混合物의 Complementary Tristimulus Colorimetry에 依한 同時定量

崔遠馨,金忠植 慶星大學校 1981 부산수산대학 논문집 Vol.2 No.1

Application of Complementary tristimulus colorimetry to the simultaneous quantitative analysis of cresolsulfon-phthalein derivatives. The simultaneous quantitative analysis by the spectrophotometry of C. T. S method of the mixture which contains o-cresolsulfon-phthalein derivatives B.C.S.P and C.S.P shows that it is possible only in the dilute acidic solution. In Particular, this method is not in need of the procese of the separation and isolation of substances from their mixture. So it has wide appfication to industrial use as well as organic synthesis. In the present experiment the relative error stays within 1.8%. This results shows satisfactory agreement with those obtained by a mathematical calculations.

지시약의 등흡광점을 이용한 용액의 pH측정(제2보)

최원형,박민수,허호장 경성대학교 1989 論文集 Vol.10 No.1

지시약 Bromo Cresol Green(BCG) 용액을 시료 용액에 첨가하고 지시약의 염기성 최대 흡수 파장과 등흡광점에서 이 시료액의 흡광도를 측정하였다. 이들 측정한 흡광도로부터 용액의 pH를 계산하였다. 등흡광점에서 흡광도의 범위를 0.1내지 0.17로 유지하고 시료 용액의 pH가 pK₁±1내에서, pH측정 오차는 ±0.07pH 단위 이내이었다. The Bromo cresol Green (BCG) stock solution was added to Sample solution and the absorbance of this solution was measured at the maximum absorption wavelength of basic form and the isosbertic point of the indicator. From these measurements of absorbance, the pH of this solution was calculated. The range of absorbance at the isobestic point was maintained with in 0.1∼0.17. The errorof pH measurement was within ±0.07pH unit in the pH range sample solution of pK₁±1

추적조사를 중심으로 한 腰椎間板脫出症에 대한 蜈蚣藥鍼의 臨床的 硏究

최회강,소기숙,고강훈,박소영,김성남,이종덕,원경숙,문형철,김성철 大韓鍼灸學會 2003 대한침구의학회지 Vol.20 No.3

Objective : This study is performed for the purpose of examining the efficacy of the scolopendrid(Scolopendra morsitans L) which has been to low back pain as a folk remedy. Methods & Results : Seventy patints with H.I.V.D. treated with the scolopendrid aquacupuncture and examined 4 tests; D.I.T.I., physical test, Oswestry disability index, and self-conscious pain rate were studied. And we follow up after discharge, we evaluated the present state and recovery period. Or we evaluated by herniated type and duration of onset. There was 58~97% of efficacy rate in each tests. Moreover, statistically valuable change in all 7D.I.T.I. points and in disability index and in self-conscious pain rate was showed. Conclusion : The scolopendrid aquacupuncture is possible to be effective terating the H.I.V.D patients. so we suggest the possibility using this new remedy to the H.I.V.D. patients.

貴金屬 Luster 開發에 關한 硏究

최원형 경성대학교 1982 부산수산대학 논문집 Vol.3 No.1

The present aim of work is to substitute a Korea make of Gold-luster for an imported talian article brand "HANOVIA" From a knowledge of the composition of an Italian Gold-luster by X-ray spectrometry, the preparation of Gold-luster similar to that was performed for the change in the composition of each component element, the selection of solvent, the effect of metal resinate addition, and the relations between a quantity of metal resinate addition and a firing Temperature. The result was that composition a synthesized Gold-luster with an Italian one showed comparatively satisfactory agreements. The point to be considered in the near future are an addition of rare elements and a drop in the firing point. It this is accomplished satisfactorily, the better result will be produced.

LDPC부호화를 적용한 영상통신시스템설계

최태식,공형윤,최원호 울산대학교 2001 공학연구논문집 Vol.32 No.1

다양한 멀티미디어 통신이 발달함에 따라 채널부호화를 사용하여 오류를 정정하는 기술이 발달되어 왔다. 본 논문에서는 압축영상의 전송에서 LDPC 부호화를 이용하여 영상통신채널에서의 오류를 복원하고, 영상을 재구성할 수 있는 영상통신시스템을 제안한다. 제안된 영상통신시스템은 패리티검사행렬을 사용하여 가장 많은 오류를 발생하는 열과 가장적은 오류를 발생하는 열을 교환하는 방식을 사용하였고, 가우시안 노이즈를 가지는 통신채널의 신호 대 잡음비는 0dB에서 4dB의 범위로 설정하였다. 패리티 검사 행렬이 작은 경우 제시한 교환 방식을 사용하였을 때 사용하지 않은 경우보다 BER 성능이 우수함을 확인하였으며, 영상을 재구성한 경우에도 PSNR 성능이 우수함을 확인할 수 있었다. As a various multimedia communication has been developed, the error correction technique using the coding method was improved. In this paper, an image communication system using the LDPC decoding method for restoring the error and reconstructing the image in the image compression transmission is proposed. The proposed system has a parity check matrix that can alternate the least occurring error column with the most occurring error column. The signal to noise ratio of a communication channel with the gaussian noise was determined the range between 0dB 4dB. When a parity check matrix was a small size, the system's BER efficiency with the parity check alternating method was better than the parity check without it. Also in reconstructing image, the proposed system's PSNR efficiency was superior to system without alternating method.

온도; pH, 염분 내성 및 충격이 개불, Urechis unicinctus 유생에 미치는 영향

최상덕,김호진,라성주,정형택,윤호섭,신종암,이원교 國立 麗水大學校 環境問題硏究所 1999 環境硏究論文集 Vol.2 No.-

The effect of different temperature, salinity and pH on survival rate of Urechis unicinctus's swimming embryo was examined to develop the method for the efficient seed production. In addition to, this study was designed to investigate the possibility of pollutant marker diagnosis of marine pollutions by the change in different temperature, salinity and pH. Treatment was carried out whit different temperature (5˚C, 10˚C, 17˚C, 20˚C, 25˚C,), salinity(0‰, 10‰, 20‰, 30‰, 34‰, 40‰) and pH(4, 6, 7.2, 8.2, 9.2, 10). All the swimming embryo of the temperature experiment was survived within all experiment section, but the others experiment were not. At the temperature-shock and tolerance experiment ranging from 5˚C to 25˚C the survival rate was occurred: 75%, 95%, 100%, 100%, 50%, at the ph-Shock experiment ranging from 4 to 10, the survival rate was occurred: 0%, 50%, 85%, 100%, 60%, 0%, at the pH-tolerance experiment ranging 4 to 10 the survival rate was occurred : 0%, 75% 90%, 100%, 80%, 0%, and at the salinity-shock experiment ranging from 0% to 40% the survival rate was occurred : 0% 10% 90% 95% 100% 0% , at the salinity-tolerance experiment ranging from 0% to 40% , the survival rate was occurred : 0% 0% 90% 100% 100% 0%. These results suggest, that the survival rate of larvae of Urechis unicinctus was the highest at 17˚C, 34%. pH8.2 and this Urechis unicinctus could be live at the zone of euryceious and zone of euryhalines

7두의 개에서 배설성 요로조영술을 통한 신장 기능 평가

최윤정,이기자,최형준,이용진,박성준,송근호,정성목,최호정,이영원 忠南大學校 獸醫科大學 動物醫科學硏究所 2005 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.13 No.-

Excretory urography is a type of contrast study used to verify and localize upper urinary tract disease. It is an inexpensive and easy way to visualize of anatomic and functional status of the kidney and has been used as a primary imaging modality for the evaluation of urinary tract abnormalities. We describe urological signs of 7 dogs who examined with excretory urography and ultrasonography. Six cases were referred to veterinary medical teaching hospital. Chungnam national university (VMTH, CNU) to evaluate renal function after the treatment for renal failure and one case was referred showing hematuria. In case 1, 2 and 4, blood test and urinalysis was normal and the results of excretory urography presented that renal function were normal range. In case 3, the results of urinalysis, ultrasonography, and excretory urography except blood test presented abnormal kidney and hydronephrosis was diagnosed. In case 5 and 6, blood test, urinalysis, ultrasonography and excretory urography indicated renal failure. In case 7, blood test, urinalysis and ultrasonography presented partially abnormal signs, however, the results of excretory urography was normal range.

수종의 저장용액에서 치주인대세포의 생존율 비교

최원경,최병재,최형준,이종갑 大韓小兒齒科學會 1999 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.26 No.2

치아탈구 발생시 사고 현장에서 쉽게 구할 수 있는 저장용액을 이용하여 치주인대세포의 생존율을 비교해보고자 치주인대세포를 10%FBS함유 α-MEM에서 배양한 후 α-MEM에서 저장한 군을 대조군으로 하고 동일한 조건하에서 저온살균된 우유군, 멸균된 생리적 식염수군, 비자극성 타액군, 건조된 상태로 방치한 군을 실험군으로 하여 25℃ 실온에서 세포 배양 30, 60, 90, 120, 180분 후에 각 군에 대해 MTTassay를 시행하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 각 조사시점에서 실험군간의 비교에서는 모두 유의성있는 차이를 보였으며 저온살균된 우유군에서 치주인대세포의 생존율이 가장 높았고, 멸균된 생리적 식염수군, 비자극성 타액군, 건조된 상태로 방치한 군 순으로 점차 감소하였다.(P<0.05) 2. 각 실험군내에서 조사시점간의 비교에서는 치주인대세포의 생존율이 시간이 경과함에 따라 유의성있게 감소하였으나(p<0.05). 저온살균된 우유군에서 90-120분 경과 사이. 멸균된 생리적 식염수군에서 60-90분과 120-180분 경과 사이에서는 유의성있는 차이는 없었다.(P>0.05) 이상의 결론을 종합해볼 때 외상으로 인한 치아탈구 발생시 저장용액으로 HBSS가 추천되고 있으나 사고 현장에서 쉽게 구할 수 있고 치주인대세포의 생활력 보존에도 유리한 저온살균된 우유에 탈구된 치아를 담가오도록 추천할 수 있겠다. Preservation of the remaining periodontal ligament cells on an avulsed tooth is very important to the successful outcome of replantation. HBSS is recommended as the most suitable storage medium for the avulsed tooth that cannot be replanted immediately. But their availability near the site of an accident is doubtful. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare periodontal ligament cells stored in different storage media obtained easily on th spot. Human periodontal ligament cells were collected from the premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic treatment. Cells were cultured in α-MEM culture medium containing 20% FBS, at 37℃ 100% humidity, in a 5% CO₂2 incubator. Cells were cultured in 96 well culture plate, 5×10⁴cells per well with α-MEM and incubated for 24 hours.After discarding the medium, those cells were cultured in α-MEM contained with 10% FBS, pasteurized milk, sterilized saline, unstimulated saliva and bench-dried state at 25℃ room temperature for 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 minutes respectively. And then each group was measured using MTT assay. The results were as follows. 1. Between the group of each time, there was statistically significant difference. Periodontal ligament cells viability was highest in pasteurized milk and was reduced stepwisely in sterilized saline, unstimulated saliva and bench-dried state(p<0.05) 2. between the time of each group, there was statistically significant difference (p<0.05) but was no statistically significant difference at 90 - 120 minutes in pasteurized milk and at 60 - 90 minutes and 120 - 180 minutes in sterilized saline(p>0.05). In conclusion, HBSS as storage medium of an avulsed tooth is not practical on the spot. Insteadily pasteurized milk can be recommended to maintain the periodontal ligament cells viability.