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Molecular investigation of tick-borne pathogens in ticks from grazing cattle in Korea
Kang, S.W.,Doan, H.T.T.,Choe, S.E.,Noh, J.H.,Yoo, M.S.,Reddy, K.E.,Kim, Y.H.,Kweon, C.H.,Jung, S.C.,Chang, K.Y. Elsevier 2013 Parasitology international Vol.62 No.3
This study was carried out to identify the tick species that infest grazing cattle and to determine the presence of tick-borne pathogens transmitted by these ticks in Korea. A total of 903 ticks (categorized into 566 tick pools) were collected from five provinces during 2010-2011. The most prevalent tick species was Haemaphysalis longicornis, followed by three Ixodes spp. ticks. The collected ticks were infected with both rickettsial and protozoan pathogens. In all, 469 (82.9%) tick pools tested positive for the Anaplasma/Ehrlichia 16S rRNA gene, whereas 67 (11.8%) were positive for the Babesia/Theileria 18S rRNA gene. Among the rickettsial pathogens, E. canis was detected with the highest rate (22.3%), followed by A. platys (20%), E. chaffeensis (19.4%), E. ewingii (19.3%), Rickettsia sp. (12.4%), A. phagocytophilum (5.5%) and E. muris (0.5%). Among the protozoan pathogens, T. equi was detected with the highest rate (7.2%), followed by T. sergenti/T. buffeli (3.7%) and B. caballi (0.35%). Simultaneous infections with up to seven pathogens were also identified. In particular, ticks infected with rickettsial pathogens were also infected with protozoan pathogens (22 samples). All five provinces investigated infected with tick-borne pathogens.
Shiu, S. H.,Kohri, H.,Chang, W. C.,Ahn, D. S.,Ahn, J. K.,Chen, J. Y.,Daté,, S.,Ejiri, H.,Fujimura, H.,Fujiwara, M.,Fukui, S.,Gohn, W.,Hicks, K.,Hotta, T.,Hwang, S. H.,Imai, K.,Ishikawa, T.,Joo, American Physical Society 2018 Physical Review C Vol.97 No.1
<P>We report the measurement of the gamma p -> K+Lambda and gamma p -> K+Sigma(0) reactions at SPring-8. The differential cross sections and photon-beam asymmetries are measured at forward K+ production angles using linearly polarized tagged-photon beams in the range of E-gamma = 1.5-3.0 GeV. With increasing photon energy, the cross sections for both gamma p -> K+Lambda and gamma p -> K+Sigma(0) reactions decrease slowly. Distinct narrow structures in the production cross section have not been found at E gamma = 1.5-3.0 GeV. The forward peaking in the angular distributions of cross sections, a characteristic feature of t-channel exchange, is observed for the production of Lambda in the whole observed energy range. A lack of similar feature for Sigma(0) production reflects a less dominant role of t-channel contribution in this channel. The photon-beam asymmetries remain positive for both reactions, suggesting the dominance of K* exchange in the t channel. These asymmetries increase gradually with the photon energy, and have a maximum value of +0.6 for both reactions. Comparison with theoretical predictions based on the Regge trajectory in the t channel and the contributions of nucleon resonances indicates the major role of t-channel contributions as well as non-negligible effects of nucleon resonances in accounting for the reaction mechanism of hyperon photoproduction in this photon energy regime.</P>
Mizutani, K.,Niiyama, M.,Nakano, T.,Yosoi, M.,Nozawa, Y.,Ahn, D. S.,Ahn, J. K.,Chang, W. C.,Chen, J. Y.,Daté,, S.,Gohn, W.,Hamano, H.,Hashimoto, T.,Hicks, K.,Hiraiwa, T.,Hotta, T.,Hwang, S. H.,I American Physical Society 2017 Physical Review C Vol.96 No.6
<P>Differential cross sections at t = t(min) and decay asymmetries for the gamma p -> phi p reaction have been measured using linearly polarized photons in the range 1.5 to 2.9 GeV. These cross sections were used to determine the Pomeron strength factor. The cross sections and decay asymmetries are consistently described by the t-channel Pomeron and pseudoscalar exchange model in the E-gamma region above 2.37 GeV. In the lower energy region, an excess over the model prediction is observed in the energy dependence of the differential cross sections at t = t(min). This observation suggests that additional processes or interference effects between Pomeron exchange and other processes appear near the threshold region.</P>
Kim, K-p,Jang, G,Hong, Y S,Lim, H-S,Bae, K-s,Kim, H-S,Lee, S S,Shin, J-G,Lee, J-L,Ryu, M-H,Chang, H-M,Kang, Y-K,Kim, T W Nature Publishing Group 2011 The British journal of cancer Vol.104 No.4
<P><B>Background:</B></P><P>Advanced biliary cancer is often treated with fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of a combination of S-1, an oral fluoropyrimidine prodrug, and oxaliplatin in patients with metastatic biliary cancer.</P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>Patients with histologically confirmed metastatic biliary cancer and no history of radiotherapy or chemotherapy were enrolled. Oxaliplatin was administered intravenously (130 mg m<SUP>−2</SUP>), followed by 14-day administration of oral S-1 (40 mg m<SUP>−2</SUP> twice daily) with a subsequent 7-day rest period every 21 days. Pharmacokinetic analysis of S-1 was performed at cycle 1. Patients were genotyped for <I>CYP2A6</I> polymorphisms (<SUP>*</SUP>1, <SUP>*</SUP>4, <SUP>*</SUP>7, <SUP>*</SUP>9 or <SUP>*</SUP>10), and pharmacokinetic and clinical parameters compared according to the <I>CYP2A6</I> genotype.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>In total, 49 patients were evaluated, who received a median of four cycles. The overall response rate was 24.5%. Median progression-free and overall survival was 3.7 and 8.7 months, respectively. The most common haematological grade 3 out of 4 toxicity was neutropenia (14%), while non-hematological grade 3 out of 4 toxicities included anorexia (14%), nausea (12%), asthenia (10%), vomiting (10%), and diarrhoea (4%). Biotransformation of S-1 (AUC<SUB>0−24 h</SUB> of 5-fluorouracil/AUC<SUB>0−24 h</SUB> of tegafur) was 1.85-fold higher for the <I>*1/*1</I> group than for the other groups (90% confidence interval 1.37–2.49). Diarrhoea (<I>P</I>=0.0740), neutropenia (<I>P</I>=0.396), and clinical efficacy (response rate, <I>P</I>=0.583; PFS, <I>P</I>=0.916) were not significantly associated with <I>CYP2A6</I> genotype, despite differences in 5-FU exposure.</P><P><B>Conclusion:</B></P><P>The combination of S-1 and oxaliplatin appears to be active and well tolerated in patients with metastatic biliary cancer, and thus is feasible as a therapeutic modality. <I>CYP2A6</I> genotypes are associated with differences in the biotransformation of S-1. However, the impact of the <I>CYP2A6</I> polymorphism on variations in clinical efficacy or toxicity requires further evaluation.</P>
Progress in the development of heating systems towards long pulse operation for KSTAR
Kwak, J.G.,Bae, Y.D.,Chang, D.H.,Chang, D.S.,Hong, B.G.,Hwang, C.K.,In, S.R.,Jeong, S.H.,Jin, J.T.,Jung, K.S.,Kim, B.R.,Kim, J.,Kim, S.K.,Kim, T.S.,Lee, D.W.,Lee, K.W.,Oh, B.H.,Seo, C.S.,Seo, M.S.,Yoo International Atomic Energy Agency 2007 Nuclear fusion Vol.47 No.5
<P>Construction of the Korea superconducting tokamak advanced research (KSTAR) tokamak is in its final phase. For the long-pulse KSTAR discharges, the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) and neutral beam injection (NBI) heating systems are expected to play important roles through a selective heating of ions and electrons, control of the plasma pressure and current profiles, a core fuelling and beam diagnostics for the KSTAR. In addition, the ICRF system is expected to be used for possible discharge cleaning and assisting in the tokamak startup. In this paper, the recent progress in the development of the ICRF and the NBI heating systems is described. The four-strap ICRF antenna has been successfully tested for a voltage up to 41 kV for a pulse length of 300 s (to 46 kV for 20 s) in a test chamber. A prototype KSTAR NBI system has been developed. At present, the system has successfully produced a 1 MW beam power for 200 s and a 3.5 MW output beam power for 4 s.</P>
장영록,정석원,김창수,전병찬,박용구,유태현,천태상,이화동 대한신경외과학회 1988 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.17 No.5
Mucocele is collection of mucus enclosed in a sac of lining sinus epithelium within an air sinus resulting from an obstruction to the outlet of the cavity which may cause an expansion of the bony walls. The condition commonly occurs in the frontal or anterior ethmoidal sinuses but, rare in sphenoid sinuses. Mucocele of the sinus is an uncommon cause of unilateral proptosis which may produce considerable difficulty in diagnosis. Ocular disturbances and headache are among the characteristic complaints and patients often first consult an ophyhalmologist or otolaryngologist. The authors experienced four cases of paranasal sinuse mucocele. There were 2 posterior ethmoid sinus mucoceles, 1 giant frontal sinus mucocele and 1 sphenoid sinus mucocele. These cases presented with exophthalmos, proptosis, headache or frontal mass. All cases removed by surgical procedures and good result was obstained.
Chang, S.-J.,Bhuiyan, M. A.,Won, C.-H.,Lee, J.-H.,Jung, H. W.,Shin, M. J.,Lim, J.-W.,Lee, J.-H.,Ma, T. P. Electrochemical Society 2016 ECS journal of solid state science and technology Vol.5 No.12
<P>Various GaN channel thicknesses (0.5, 2.0, 3.5 and 6.3 mu m) grown by metal organic vapor chemical deposition (MOCVD) on sapphire substrate were prepared to investigate the effects of the channel thickness on the transistor characteristics. X-ray diffraction (XRD), pulsed I-D(V-D), as well as gate stress and DC measurements were employed in this study. The results have revealed that charge trapping in the AlGaN/GaN hetero-structure is reduced and transistor performance is improved as the GaN channel thickness is increased up to a certain value (T-GaN_Channel = 3.5 mu m); More specifically, as the GaN channel thickness is increased from 0.5 mu m to 3.5 mu m, the sheet resistance and carrier mobility values are changed from 475 to 400 Omega/square and 780 to 1100 cm(2)/Vs, respectively. These results are attributed to the ameliorated crystalline quality when the GaN thickness increases as evidenced by the XRD data. (C) 2016 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.</P>
Lefebvre, O.,Ha Nguyen, T.T.,Al-Mamun, A.,Chang, I.S.,Ng, H.Y. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Journal of applied microbiology Vol.109 No.3
<P>Abstract</P><P>Aims: </P><P>To assess the biodiversity of a large number of microbial fuel cell (MFC) anodes from a variety of MFC designs, all enriched with domestic wastewater, using a molecular fingerprinting method.</P><P>Methods and Results: </P><P>We optimized a protocol allowing the rapid characterization of MFC communities using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) with two different sets of primers and a varying number of restriction enzymes. This protocol was further validated by direct comparison with bacterial clone libraries. Twenty-one MFC anodes were analysed by T-RFLP. We also provided a statistical comparison with other bacterial communities from environments sharing common features.</P><P>Conclusions: </P><P>Bacterial communities were dominated by &bgr;-Proteobacteria, mostly belonging to the Burkholderiales order, that are known to play an active role in the cycle of metals such as iron and manganese. This property may allow them to properly pass electrons to the anode of an MFC.</P><P>Significance and Impact of the Study: </P><P>Unlike other groups, &bgr;-Proteobacteria have seldom been acknowledged as potentially efficient electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) in MFCs. Yet, they are plentiful in natural environments like biocorrosion biofilms and acid mine drainages that consequently show some potential for MFC enrichment.</P>
CHANG, W.-G.,LIM, B.-S.,YOON, T.-H.,LEE, Y.-K.,KIM, C.-W. Blackwell Science Ltd 2005 Journal of oral rehabilitation Vol.32 No.4
<P><SMALL>SUMMARY</SMALL> </P><P>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of salicylic–lactic (SL) acid conditioner on the shear bond strength of brackets. Fluoride releasing (Light-bond) and non-fluoride releasing (Enlight) composite adhesives were used after conditioning with 0·22% salicylic + 9% lactic acid or 34% phosphoric acid. Composite adhesives were light cured with either a halogen light curing (HLC) unit for 30–50 s or a plasma arc curing (PAC) unit for 4 s. The shear bond strength was measured with an Instron. Failure modes of debonded brackets were identified based on adhesive remnants on the bracket and tooth. Salicylic–lactic acid conditioning was found to provide adequate shear bond strength. Groups conditioned with SL acid were debonded mainly at the enamel–resin interface and comparatively clean enamel surface after debonding was observed than those conditioned with phosphoric acid. Using confocal laser scanning microscopic examinations, it was found that demineralization patterns between SL acid and phosphoric acid conditioned groups were not different when the same adhesive was used. The SL acid conditioner did not reduce the demineralization. Light-bond adhesive showed less demineralization than Enlight adhesive. The PAC unit can be recommended as an alterative to the HLC unit because it significantly reduces the irradiation time.</P>