정지용 시의 ‘나븨’와 죽음 의식

한상철(Han, Sang-chul) 한국비평문학회 2014 批評文學 Vol.- No.52

이 논문의 목적은 정지용 시의 ‘나븨’ 표상에 주목하여 그의 시에 나타난 죽음 의식의 특성을 고찰하려는 것이다. 9편에 이르는 지용의 ‘나븨’ 관련 시 중 다수가 1927년과 1941년에 집중적으로 발표되었다는 사실을 고려할 때, ‘나븨’ 표상의 활용은 시인의 의도와 직접적으로 연동되었을 가능성이 크기 때문이다. 이러한 맥락에 주목하여 이루어진 본론의 논지는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 지용 시 전반에 걸쳐 등장하는 ‘나븨’ 표상은 죽음과 관련된 시적화자의 정서를 반영한다. 전기와 후기를 불문하고, 대부분의 시에서 시적화자의 비극적 현실 인식과 죽음 의식이 직간접적으로 드러나고 있음을 확인할 수 있다. 따라서 지용 시의 ‘나븨’ 표상에 대한 가장 강력한 대응점은 신산스러운 삶의 고통과 그것을 벗어나는 행위로서의 ‘죽음’이라고 말할 수 있다. 둘째, 비교적 초기에 해당하는 1927년과 후기시의 특징이 전형적으로 드러난 1941년의 ‘나븨’ 표상에는 분명한 차이가 존재한다. 주로 자식의 죽음과 관련된 전자의 ‘나븨’ 표상이 슬픔과 애상의 정조를 바탕으로 한계 상황에 놓인 존재의 절박한 심경과 맞닿아 있다면, 1941년의 시에 보이는 ‘나븨’들은 죽음에 대한 비애 자체에 머물지 않고 외려 삶의 이면을 성찰하게 만드는 관조적 태도를 보여주고 있다. 셋째, 지용의 죽음 의식이 변모하는 중요한 분기점은 1930년대 중반에 발표된 카톨릭 종교시라고 말할 수 있다. 카톨리시즘에 대한 천착 과정을 거치며 현실의 삶과 초월적 삶의 경계에 선 시적 화자의 태도가 형성되었다고 보이기 때문이다. 이처럼 죽음의 비극과 그것으로부터의 초월이 동시적으로 공존하는 세계에 대한 체험은 후기 지용 시의 관조적 세계 인식을 만들어낸 중요한 계기가 된다. The purpose of this article is to bring light on the meaning of the death consciousness in Jiyong’s poetry by focusing on the representation of ‘Nabui(butterfly)’. Relating to the representation of ‘Nabui(butterfly)’, the death consciousness in Jiyong’s poetry has three characteristics mainly. First, the representation of ‘Nabui(butterfly)’ in his poems connotes a painful life and the meaning of the ‘death’ as the act of seeking relief from suffering. second, there are marked differences in the representation of ‘Nabui(butterfly)’ in Jiyong’s poems which were published in 1927 and 1941. The representation of ‘Nabui(butterfly)’ was based on sentiment of sadness and sorrow in his 1923 poem, while it showed a contemplative attitude to introspect the hidden side of life in his 1941 poem. Third, Jiyong published religious poetry influenced by Catholicism in the mid 1930s. This was a important turning point which the death consciousness of Jiyong was transfigured. In the process of digging into Catholicism, it is shown that the narrator’s attitude is formed from the boundaries between practical life and transcendental life.

식민과 제국의 교차로, ‘역(驛)’의 문학사 : 20세기 전반의 대전역을 중심으로

한상철(Han Sang-chul) 어문연구학회 2021 어문연구 Vol.107 No.-

1900년대 초반 철도 개통과 함께 세워진 대전(大田)은 이주민이었던 일본인들의 기득권이 구현된 ‘신흥 도시’였다. 기차역을 사이에 두고, 일본인 상점가와 ‘신사(神社)’가 마주 보는 형국으로 시가지가 구축되었기 때문이다. ‘유곽’으로 대표되는 향락과 ‘신사’로 상징되는 망향의 공간 구축은 제국 일본의 식민지 도시화 과정이 반영된 결과다. 이런 의미에서 20세기 전반 대전역의 변모는 일본이 만들어낸 ‘식민 도시’의 폭력성을 압축해 놓은 축도(縮圖)라 할 수 있다. 이 글의 목적은 강점기 대전의 지정학적 구도를 전제하면서, 1920년 전후 대전의 명암을 재현한 한국과 일본의 텍스트를 검토하려는 데 있다. 1917년 다나카 레이스이(田中麗水)가 간행한 『大田發展誌』에 묘사된 대전의 발전상은, 1920년대 초반 염상섭이나 우치노 겐지 같은 식민지 문학장의 작가들이 재현해 놓은 대전의 타락상과 명백하게 대비된다. 제국의 변경에 세워진 ‘신흥 도시’를 바라보는 상반된 입장과 그 문맥을 검토하는 일은 대전의 초기 도시사(都市史)를 재구성하는 토대가 될 것이다. ‘구더기가 끓는 무덤’(염상섭)으로 묘사되었다가, ‘흙담’으로 둘러싸인 미개척지(우치노 겐지,內野建児)로 재현된 대전은, 다나카 레이스이와 같은 일본인 정착민들이 외면했던 ‘식민 도시’의 민낯을 전형적으로 보여준다. 시기를 달리하여 해방 이듬해의 대전역을 불러낸 채만식은 대전이라는 도시에 새겨진 식민의 상처가 사라지지 않았음을 예리하게 묘파한다. 일본인들은 떠나갔지만, 그 자리에 드리워진 냉전의 그림자 속에서 대전역은 여전히 제국주의의 굴레에 갇힌 ‘음산한 정거장’으로 남게 된 것이다. Daejeon, established with the opening of the railroad in the early 1900s, was a ‘emerging city’ in which the vested rights of Japanese migrants were thoroughly embodied. This is because the city was built in the form of a Japanese shopping street and ‘shinsa’ each other with a train station in between. The establishment of a space of enjoyment represented by ‘Yugwak’ and of mangyang, symbolized by ‘shinsa’, reflects the process of colonial urbanization in Imperial Japan. In this sense, the transformation of Daejeon Station in the first half of the 20th century can be regarded as a condensation of the violence of the ‘colonial city’ created by Japan. The primary intention of this article is to review Korean and Japanese texts that reproduced the contrast of Daejeon around 1920, presuming the geopolitical composition of Daejeon during the period of the occupation. The development of Daejeon, described in 『Daejeonbaljeonji』 published in 1917 by Reisui Tanaka, clearly contrasts with the corruption of Daejeon, which colonial writers such as Yeom Sang-seop and Uchino Genji reproduced through literary works in the early 1920s. do. By examining the contradictory position and context of looking at the ‘emerging city’ established by the imperial change, we attempt to reconstruct the early city history of Daejeon. Daejeon, depicted as a ‘tomb of boiling maggots’ (Yom Sang-seop), and recreated as an unexplored land surrounded by ‘soil walls,’ (Uchino Genji, 內野建児), is a ‘colonial city’ that Japanese settlers such as Reisi Tanaka turned away from. It was a place that typically embraces the naked face. Chae Man-sik, who called Daejeon Station in the year following liberation at different times, sharply culminates in the wounds of colonists in the city of Daejeon. The Japanese have left, but in the shadows of the Cold War over there, Daejeon Station remains a ‘dark station’ trapped in the bonds of imperialism.

류마티스 관절염에 대한 한약의 면역학적 연구동향

최도영,이재동,백용현,이송실,유명철,한정수,양형인,박상도,유미현,박은경,박동석,Choi, Do-young,Lee, Jae-dong,Back, Yong-hyeon,Lee, Song-shil,Yoo, Myung-chul,Han, Chung-soo,Yang, Hyung-in,Park, Sang-do,Ryu, Mi-hyun,Park, Eun-kyung,Park, 대한침구의학회 2004 대한침구의학회지 Vol.21 No.4

Objective : Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that pathogenesis is not fully understood and one of the most intractable musculoskeletal diseases. The concern in the immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis has been increased since 1980's and many immunotherapeutic agents including disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) were developed and became the mainstay of treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. However, the cure of the disease has hardly been achieved. In oriental medicine, rheumatoid arthritis is related to Bi-Zheng(痺證), that presents pain, swelling, andlor loss of joint function as major clinical manifestations, and also known to be deeply involved in suppression of immune function related to weakness of Jung-Ki(正氣). The herbal medicine, empirically used, could be a potential resource of development of new immunotherapeutic agents for rheumatoid arthritis. Methods : We developed a search strategy using terms to include "rheumatoid arthritis and herbal medicine" combined with "Chinese medicine" and/or "Oriental medicine". The search was focused on experimental studies of herbal medicine (January 1999 to May 2004), which is known to have effects on immune function of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Computerized search used Internet databases including KISS and RISS4U (Korea), CNKI (China), MOMJ (Main Oriental Medicine Journal, Japan), and PubMed. The articles were selected from journals of universities or major research institutes. Results : The literature search for experimental studies on effects of herbal medicine on immunity of rheumatoid arthritis retrieved a total of 21 articles (Korea; 8, China ; 12, Japan ; 1). Of 21 articles, 10 were related to single-drug formula, 2 to drug interaction, and 9 to multi-drug formula. Single-drug formula was mainly used for aqua-acupuncture and researches on active components. Studies of drug interaction emphasized harmony of Ki-Hyul(氣血) and balance of Han-Yeul(寒熱). Multi-drug regimen was mainly found among formulas for Bo-Ki-Hyul(補氣血) and Bo-Sin(補腎). Conclusion : Studies on rheumatoid arthritis were performed both in vitro and in vivo in vitro study, LPS-stimulated splenocytes and synoviocytes were treated with herbal medicine, resulting in proliferation and activation of immune cells and suppression of cytokine activities in vivo study CIA animal model demonstrated that herbal medicine decreased antibody production and improved function of immune cells. In cellular and molecular study herbal medicine showed profound effects on the level of mRNA expression of certain cytokines related to immune function. This study revealed that herbal medicine has significant immune modulatory action and could be used for recovery of immune dysfunction of rheumatoid arthritis patients.

The risk of surgical site infection of oral sulfate tablet sodium picosulfate for bowel preparation in colorectal cancer surgery: a randomized clinical trial

Sung Sil Park,Sung Chan Park,Dong-Eun Lee,Dong Woon Lee,Kiho Yu,Hyoung-Chul Park,Chang Won Hong,Dae Kyung Sohn,Kyung Su Han,Bun Kim,Byung Chang Kim,Jae Hwan Oh 대한외과학회 2022 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.103 No.2

Purpose: Oral sulfate tablets are abundantly used for bowel preparation before colonoscopy. However, their efficiency and safety for bowel preparation before colorectal surgery remain ill-defined. Herein, we aimed to compare the surgical site infection rates and efficiency between oral sulfate tablets and sodium picosulfate. Methods: We designed a prospective, randomized, phase 2 clinical trial. Patients with colorectal cancer aged 19–75 years who underwent elective bowel resection and anastomosis by minimally invasive surgery were administered oral sulfate tablets or sodium picosulfate. Eighty-three cases were analyzed from October 2020 to December 2021. Surgical site infection within 30 days after surgery was considered the primary endpoint. Postoperative morbidities, the degree of bowel cleansing, and tolerability were the secondary endpoints. Results: Surgical site infection was detected in 1 patient (2.5%) in the oral sulfate tablet group and 2 patients (4.7%) in the sodium picosulfate group, indicating no significant difference between the 2 groups. Postoperative morbidity and the degree of bowel cleansing bore no statistically significant differences. Furthermore, none of the investigated tolerability criteria, namely bloating, pain, nausea, vomiting, and discomfort, differed significantly between the 2 groups. The patients’ willingness to reuse the drug was also not significantly different between the 2 groups. Conclusion: Although we could not establish the noninferiority of oral sulfate tablets to sodium picosulfate, we found no evidence suggesting that oral sulfate tablets are less safe or tolerable than sodium picosulfate in preoperative bowel preparation.

CONTENTS : Financial Market Developments : Banking / Non-Bank Financial Institution / Money and Capital Markets / Insurance

( Sang-Il Han ),( Keonbeom Lee ),( Jieun Lee ),( Byung Chul Lim ),( Bon Sung Gu ) 한국금융연구원 2003 Korean Financial Review(종간) Vol.13 No.3

Protection of Surgical Team from COVID-19 during Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in an Infected Elderly Patient

Sang-Hyun Um,Du-Han Kim,Moon-Yul Youn,Chul-Hyun Cho,Hyun-Ah Kim,Byung-Woo Min,Ki-Cheor Bae,Kyung-Jae Lee 대한정형외과학회 2020 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.12 No.3

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which began in Wuhan, China, has rapidly flared up all over the world, evolving into a pandemic. During these critical times, we should give emphasis on infection prevention for the health care staff as well as appropriate patient management in order to maintain the health care system. We report our experience in protecting a surgical team from COVID-19 infection during a bipolar hemiarthroplasty in an infected patient. This case highlights the importance of appropriate protection of the health care staff and education in minimizing the risk of transmission of the infection and maintaining the health care system.

Prevalence and Phylogenetic Analysis of Type I Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome viruses in Korea

Chul seung Lee,Bo kyu Kang,Dae sub Song,Hye kwon Kim,Min joo Yeom,Sang yoon Han,Bong kyun Park,Jong man Kim 대한수의학회 2009 대한수의학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2009 No.-

A New Large Seed Size, Good Seed Quality and High-Yielding Vegetable Soybean Cultivar "Danmiput"

Sung Taeg Kang,In Youl Baek,Myoung Gun Choung,Sea Kwan Oh,Won Young Han,Doo Chull Shin,Su Dong Kim,Soon Chul Kim 한국육종학회 2003 한국육종학회지 Vol.35 No.4

A new vegetable soybean variety, “Danmiput” was selected from the cross Keunol/Wasehakucho (Introduced), and developed in 2002 on the basis of its yield performance and seed quality for vegetable soybean at the National Yeongnam Agricultural Station. “Dan

Fatty acid-CoA ligase 4 is overexpressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma

Sung, Young Kwan,Hwang, Sun Young,Park, Mi Kyung,Bae, Han Ik,Kim, Woo Ho,Kim, Jung-Chul,Kim, Moonkyu Wiley (Blackwell Publishing) 2003 Cancer Science Vol.94 No.5

<P>Fatty acid-CoA ligase 4 (FACL4) is a central enzyme controlling the unesterified arachidonic acid (AA) level in cells. It has been shown that FACL4 blocks apoptosis and promotes colon carcinogenesis by lowering the cellular level of unesterified AA. Consistent with this, FACL4 is upregulated in colon adenocarcinoma. The status of FACL4 in other tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not known. Here, we report that FACL4 is overexpressed in human HCC compared with adjacent normal liver tissues. FACL4 mRNA and protein were overexpressed in 5 out of 12 (41.7%) and 3 out of 8 (37.5%) cases of HCC, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining showed strong fine granular intracytoplasmic staining in tumor cells, whereas we observed occasional weak staining in normal liver tissues surrounding the tumors. We found that 14 out of 37 (37.8%) HCC expressed moderate to strong FACL4 immunostaining. Both normal adult and fetal liver tissues showed very weak to no detectable staining, whereas 3 out of 10 (30%) cirrhotic livers expressed weak staining. In addition, we found that 4 out of 8 (50%) human hepatoma cell lines expressed high levels of FACL4 by northern blot analysis. Our results show that FACL4 is a new molecular marker for HCC and suggest that the FACL4 pathway may be involved in liver carcinogenesis.</P>

Interaction of Sb(III) with iron sulfide under anoxic conditions: Similarities and differences compared to As(III) interactions

Han, Young-Soo,Seong, Hye Jin,Chon, Chul-Min,Park, Jin Hee,Nam, In-Hyun,Yoo, Kyoungkeun,Ahn, Joo Sung Elsevier 2018 CHEMOSPHERE - Vol.195 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study examined the reaction mechanism of arsenite, As(III), and antimonite, Sb(III), with iron sulfide and compared their pH-dependent reaction behaviors under strictly anoxic environments. The comparison of Sb(III) with As(III), based on their chemical similarity, may provide useful insight into understanding the geochemical behavior of the less studied Sb(III). The pH-dependent batch sorption studies revealed that As(III) and Sb(III) displayed similar removal trends with pH in terms of the removal efficiency. However, the aqueous As(III) species transformed to thioarsenite species, while aqueous Sb(III) species remained inert under the highly sulfidic anoxic system. An X-ray absorption spectroscopy study demonstrated the reaction of As(III) and Sb(III) at acidic pH was closely related to the precipitation of sulfide minerals As<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>3</SUB> and Sb<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>3</SUB>, respectively, as a consequence of the reaction with sulfide produced through mackinawite dissolution. Meanwhile, the removal at basic pH was inferred as a surface reaction, possibly through surface complexation, surface-precipitation, or both. In this study, the pH-dependent Sb(III) uptake mechanisms proved to be similar to the corresponding mechanisms for As(III) uptake, with mackinawite demonstrating a superior capacity to scavenge Sb(III) in ferrous and sulfide-rich reducing environments.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Interaction of Sb(III) with FeS was tested under acidic and basic pH conditions. </LI> <LI> The reaction mechanisms of Sb(III)FeS and As(III)FeS were compared. </LI> <LI> In both Sb(III)- and As(III)FeS systems, pH was revealed as an important controlling parameter. </LI> <LI> Under acidic conditions the dominant reaction process was precipitation of as sulfide minerals. </LI> <LI> Surface complexation was the dominant reaction process under basic pH conditions. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>