고농도 암모니아성 폐수의 질산화과정에서 아질산염 축적의 영향인자

한동중,강성환,임재명 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1998 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.-

This study was focused to find how each factors effect on the biological nitrification in wastewater treatment under high ammonia nitrogen concentration. Batch reactors in aerobic conditions were used to test the treatment efficiency of mixed liquor, nightsoil and piggery wastewater. The results are summeried as follows ; Initial ammonia nitrogen concentration and pH were the direct influencing factors of nitrite build-up. More than 250mg NH_(4)^(+)-N/L in initial concentration built up nitrite and then the inhibition rate to Nitrobacter was above 70 percentage. And maximum nitritation rate was showed at pH 8.3 and nitrification could be completely achieved by pH control. Temperature and dissolved oxygen were the indirect influencing factors of nitrite build-up. These were a great effect on the activity of nitrifying microbes and ammonia nitrogen removal. Maximum nitritation late was showed at 30℃. The effect of DO concentration was negligible at more than 3 mg/L.

초정밀 공작기계용 스핀들의 설계제작 및 특성 평가

한복수,박성환,명태식,권경우 大田産業大學校 2001 한밭대학교 논문집 Vol.18 No.-

Precision machining widely bases on the technology connected with machine tools, machining and others. The prototype was designed in the base of the analysis of the precision air bearing spindle which have greate influence upon the machining accuracy of the precision machine. The contents in this study are as follows. 1) Design and manufacture of the spindle system, 2) Performance test of the system. The spindle system is made of aero-static, which has the excellent rotation accuracy was designed and manufactured. As a result of the test (static vibration, dynamic vibration, spindle rotation), the air spindle system was stability. We think that this system can apply to the ultra-precision machine tools.

판폭두께비에 따른 콘크리트 충진 HSS 가새부재의 구조성능

한상환,김욱태 대한건축학회 2005 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.21 No.2

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of width-thickness ratio (w/t ratio) on structure performance of concrete-filled Hollow Structural Section(HSS) bracing members. It has been found that bracing that experience more rapid strength deterioration and earlier fractures with increasing their w/t ratio. In order to reduce such poor behavior of bracing members having a large w/t ratio, concrete filled tubular bracing members can be used. This study investigated the effect of infilled concrete on bracing members having different w/t ratios. Experimental tests were carried out using quasi-static reversed cyclic loading with a symmetric compression and tension. Five full-scale test specimens were made. The test results showed that concrete filling delayed the occurrence of initial local buckling. Infilled concrete also changed the local buckling mode and reduced the severity of local buckling, thereby the occurrence of cracking and fracture in the concrete filled specimens were delayed. Furthermore, this study showed that infilled concrete is more influential to the specimens having a larger w/t ratio.

學校給食이 어린이 身體 發育ㆍ發達에 미치는 影響

韓相俊,吳壽一,金世煥 江原大學校附設 體育科學硏究所 1991 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.16

To analyze the effects of provision of school lunch (PSL)on the development of children physical physique, 666(boys 343, girls 323)students of K. elementary school (PLS) were compared with 981(boys 491, girls 490)students of C. and K. elementory schools (none PSL) concerning about standing height, sitting height, body weight, chest circumference, and Rohrer index. The conclusions from the results were as follows : 1) There was no significant differency on standing height between PSL and non PSL groups. 2) It shows significantly high on sitting height in the none PSL group of girls of 10 years old. 3) On the body weight and Rohrer index the boys group in PSL 11 years old were presented significantly high, but there were no difference in the other's age group. 4) In the group of 10 years old boys and of 10,11 and 12 yeas old girls were showed significantly higher status on chest circumference in none PSL groups.

지형학적 청각 사건관련전위 P300 요소들의 결정방법

한상익,전양환 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

목 적 : 본 연구는 지형학적 청각사건관계전위 P300 요소들을 결정하는 방법들을 비교하기 위함이다. 방 법 : 44명의 정상인과 DSM-Ⅳ에 근거한 44명의 정신분열증 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 지형학적 청각사건관련전위 P300은 oddball paradigm으로 기록하였다. 잠복기, 전위, 그리고 X-Y 좌표에 따른 최대전위 위치 등을 포함한 P300요소들은 전산화된 Brain Mapping기기를 사용하였다. P300 잠복기는 global field power measurement와 고전적 방법으로 결정하였다. 결 과 : 잠복기(DF=1, F=35.28, P=0.0001)와 전위(DF=1, F=36.62, P=0.0001)에서 두 군간에 차이가 있었으나, X 좌표(DF=1, F=0.37, P=0.55)와 Y 좌표(DF=1, F=2.00, P=0.16)에서는 차이가 없었다. 잠복기(DF=1, F=0.04, P=0.85), 전위(DF=1, F=0.07, P=0.79), X 좌표(DF=1, F=0.07, P=0.79), Y 좌표(DF=1, F=0.03, P=0.86)에서 두 방법간에 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : 이 결과는 지형학적 청각사건관계전위 P300의 요소들을 결정하는 두 방법이 현재까지는 연구 및 임상 적용에 유용함을 시사한다. Objects : This study was designed to make a comparison between methods to determine the components of topographic auditory event related potential P300. Methods : The subjects were consisted of 44 normal controls and 44 patients with schizophrenia diagnosed by DSM-Ⅳ. The topographic auditory event related P300 was recorded in oddball paradigm. The components of P300, including latency, amplitude, and location of maximum amplitude in X-Y coordinates, were analyzed by computerized EP mapping system. The latency of P300 was determined by both global field power measurement and classic method. Results : There was difference between two groups in latency(DF=1, F=35.28, P=0.0001)and amplitude(DF=1, F=36.62, P=0.0001), but not in X coordinate(DF=1, F=0.37, P=0.55) and Y coordinate(DF=1, F=2.00, P=0.16). There was no difference between two methods in latency(DF=1, F=0.04, P=0.85), in amplitude(DF=1, F=0.07, P=0.79), in X coordinate(DF=1, F=0.07, P=0.79), and in Y coordinate(DF=1, F=0.03, P=0.86). Conclusion : The results suggested that two methods to determine the components of topographic auditory event related potential P300 should be available for both research and clinical application to date.

연령증가에 따른 지형학적 청각 사건관련전위 P300 요소의 변화

한상익,전양환 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

목 적 : 본 연구의 목적은 정상인에서 연령증가에 따른 지형학적 청각관련전위 P300요소들의 변화를 알아보고자 함이다. 방 법 : 피험자는 85명(연령분포 : 18∼68세)으로 모두 오른손잡이였으며 교육수준은 최소한 12년 이상의 학력자로 하였다. 이들은 뇌기능에 영향을 미칠수 있는 내외과적 질병의 기왕력이 없었고 검사시점에서 어떠한 신체질환이나 정신질환이 없었다. 지형학적 청각사건관련전위 P300은 'oddball paradigm'으로 기록되었고 P300요소로서 잠복기, 전위, 최대전위의 X-Y좌표 등이 전산화된 기기에 의해 분석되었다. P300 잠복기는 global field power measurement(GFPM)와 고전적 방법에 의해 결정하였다. 결 과 : GFPM의 방법에서, 잠복기는 일년에 1msec씩 증가(잠복기=299.9+1×나이)하였다. 최대 전위의 X 좌표는 일년에 0.018씩 좌측편위(X=3.6-0.018×나이)를 보였고 Y좌표는 0.017씩 전방편위(Y=2.15+0.017×나이)를 보였다. 고전적 방법에서 잠복기는 일년에 0.81msec씩 증가(잠복기=304.76+0.82×나이)하였다. 최대전위의 X좌표는 일년에 0.011씩 좌측편위(X=3.35+0.011×나이)를 보였고 Y좌표는 0.025씩 전방편위(Y=1.86+0.025×나이)를 보였다. 전위는 두 방법 모두에서 변화가 없었다. 결 론 : 이 결과들은 P300의 잠복기와 연령증가 간에 강력한 양의 상관관계를 보이고 있고 최대전위 전극위치의 약간의 좌측 전방편위를 보이고 있다. 이 소견들이 시사하는 바는 P300에 의해 표현된 정신 생리기능이 연령증가 과정에서 감소하고 있으며, 정상대조군의 자료가 연구 및 임상적용에 필수적임을 의미한다. Objects : This study was to examine the changes of components of topographic auditory event related potential P300 in normal aging process. Methods : The subjects were consisted of 85(range of age ; 18-68), who were right handed and had education level at least over 12 years. They had no history of medico-surgical and psychiatric illness which could cause brain dysfunction, and had not any physical and mental illness on examination. The topographic auditory event related P300 was recorded in oddball paradigm and the components of P300 including latency, amplitude, and location of maximum amplitude in X-Y cordinates were analyzed by computerized EP mapping system. The latency of P300 was determined by both Global Field Power Measurement and classic method. Results : In global field power measurement, the latency has been increased about by 1m sec per year(latency=299.9+1×AGE). The location of maximum amplitude in X coordinate was moved by 0.018 per year toward left side(X=3.6-0.018×AGE) and in Y coordinate by 0.017 toward frontal direction(Y=2.15+0.017×AGE). In classic method, the latency has been increased about by 0.82m sec per year(latency=304.76+0.82×AGE). The location of maximum amplitude in X coordinate was moved by 0.011 per year toward left side(X=3.35-0.011×AGE) and in Y coordinate by 0.025 toward frontal direction(Y=1.86+0.025×AGE). The amplitudes were not changed in both methods. Conclusion : The results showed strong positive correlation between latency of P300 and aging process, and slight left frontal displacement of the location of maximum amplitude. These findings implicate that psychophysiological function expressed by P300 was declined in aging process and database of normal controls should be necessary for both research and clinical application.

알코올의존 환자에서 알코올이 뇌파, 사건관련전위 P300 및 인지기능에 미치는 영향

한상익,전양환,이창욱 大韓神經精神醫學會 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.5

연구목적: 저자들은 알코올의존 환자들을 대상으로 뇌파, 청각사건관련전위 P300등 신경생리학적 검사와 신경 인지기능 검사를 실시하여 알코올이 뇌기능에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 본 연구를 시도하였다. 방법: 알코올의존 환자군 33명과 정상 대조군 67명을 대상으로 하였다. P300의 잠복기를 고전적 방법, Glo-bal Field Power 방법, 그리고 기존의 방법을 변형시킨 수정된 방법 등 세 가지로 결정하였으며 다른 검사값들과의 비교는 Global Field Power방법으로 측정한 결과를 사용하였다. 지능검사는 한국판 웩슬러 지능검사를 사용하였고 웩슬러 기억검사와 Trail Making B검사를 이용하여 신경인지기능을 평가하였다. 뇌파분석은 주파수 영역별로 델타파(δ, 1-3.5Hz), 세타파(θ,4-7.5Hz), 알파파(α,8-13Hz),베타파(β,13.5-18Hz)의 4개 구역으로 나눈 후 상대적 Power로 분석하였다. 결과: P300 은 환자군에서 작고 늦게 나타났으며 측정 방법에 의한 차이도 없었다. 환자군에서 낮은 지능을 보였으나, P300은 지능에 의해 영향을 받지 않았다. 환자군에서 Trail Making B 검사 수행시간이 오래걸렸으나 웩슬러 기억검사에서는 차이가 없었다. 뇌파분석 결과 두 군간의 차이는 없었다. 결론: 알코올의존 환자들은 신경생리학적인 측면에서 뇌기능의 저하를 보이고 있었고 이는 지능에 의해 영향을 받지 않았다. 신경인지기능검사는 이들이 측두엽보다는 전두엽의 기능이 더욱 더 저하하고 있다는 것을 시사하고 있다. 중심단어:알코올 의존·정량적 뇌파·사건관련전위 P300·인지기능. Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine whether patients with alcohol dependence do have brain dysfunction by auditory event related potential P300, EEG, and neuro-cognitive function test or not. Method: Subjects were composed of patients with alcohol dependence(N=33) and normal controls(N=67). P300 was determined by conventional method, Global Field Power method,and modified method. Also Korea Wechsler Intelligence Scale, Wechsler Memory Scale, and Trail Making B were tested. Spectral EEG was analyzed by the ranges of Hz, delta(δ,1-3.5Hz), theta (θ, 4-7.5Hz), alpha(α,8-13Hz), and beta(β,13.5-18Hz), and compared by relative power. Results: In patients with alcohol dependence, P300 was smaller and later, and there was no difference between the measurement methods of P300. Lower IQ score was shown in patients with alcohol dependence, but it did not affect the P300 results. It took more time to perform Trail Making B test in patients with alcohol dependence, but there was no difference between groups in Wechsler Memory Scale. Spectrum EEG was shown as similar patterns. Conclusion: It suggests that patients with alcohol dependence have brain dysfunction in so-me neurophysiological aspects, regrdless of intelligence. And frontal lobe dysfunction might be more severe than temporal one in patients with alcohol dependence. KEY WORDS:Alcohol dependence·EEG·P300·Neurocognitive function.

지형학적 청각 사건관련전위 P300과 정신분열증의 정신병리

한상익,전양환 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.6

목 적 : 이 연구를 통하여 정신분열증 환자에서 지형학적 청각사건관련전위 P300 요소들의 특성을 조사하고 정신병리와 P300요소들 간의 상관관계를 알아 보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 대상군은 28명의 정신분열증 환자와 나이 및 성별을 일치시킨 28명의 정상인으로 하였다. 지형학적 청각사건관련 P300은 'oddball'모형으로 기록하였고 컴퓨터화된 뇌전위검사기(brain mapping system)로 분석하였다. P300잠복기는 Global Held power measurement에 의해 결정하였다. 정신분열증 환자의 정신병리는 PAESS로 평가하였다. 결 과 : 잠복기와 전위에서 두 군간에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 그러나 P300 최고부위의 전극위치는 두 군간에 차이가 없었다. P300잠복기는 정신분열증환자에서 PANSS점수와 양의 상관관계를 보였으며 전위는 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 결 론 : 위 결과는 정신분열증 환자들에서 양성 및 음성증상에 의해 영향을 받는 인지과정 측면의 정신 기능 장애가 있음을 시사한다. 0bjects : This study was designed to investigate the characteristics of components of topographic auditory event-related potential P300 in the patients with schizophrenia and to evaluate the correlation between the findings of components of P300 and psychopathology. Methods : The subjects consisted of 28 patients with schizophrenia and 28 normal controls who were matched by age and sex. The topographic auditory event-related P300 was recorded in oddball paradigm and analized by computerized brain mapping system. The latency of P300 was determined by global field power measurement. The psychopathology of the patients with schizophrenia were rated by PANSS. Results : There were significant differences in both latency(schizophrenia : 369.5±40.6msec, normal controls 332.6± 34.8msec) and amplitude(schizophrenia 4.1 ±3.1μV, normal controls: 6.7 ± 3.2μV). However, there was no difference in the electrode location of maximum area of P300 between the patients with schizophrenia and normal controls. The latency of P300 showed positive correlation and the amplitude showed negative correlation with PANSS scores of the patients with schizophrenia. Conclusion : The results implicate that the patients with schizoprenia might have mental dysfunction in the aspects of cognitive process affected by both positive and negative symptoms.

高精密 高速 스핀들의 設計

韓福洙,朴性煥 한밭대학교 산업과학기술연구소 2001 논문집 Vol.5 No.-

The high speed precision spindle, which is an important element part of industrial machinery such as micro drilling, high speed machine tools and the atomizer. In this study, the aero-static spindle was designed and a stiffness analysis of air bearing was carried out to investigate the optimal design parameter for the high speed spindle.

사람 뇌척수액중 Transthyretin의 항산화작용

양성렬,최기오,박종근,류문희,홍석노,김수한,안봉환,이제혁,이민화 대한신경외과학회 1994 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.23 No.4

Protective effects of human cerebrospinal fluid antioxidants against enzyme inactivation caused by metal-catalyzed oxidation systems were investigated. When purified glutamine synthetase(GS) was incubated with human cerebrospinal fluid(CSF), the enzyme was progressively inactivated. Catalase and EDTA could inhibit the enzyme inactivation by 50-80%. Small-molecular(Mr< -10,000) fraction of CSF inactivated the exogenous GS, but large-molecular(Mr> -10,000) fraction did not. The GS inactivation by the small-molecular fraction was also markedly inhibited by catalase and EDTA. These results suggested that metal-catalyzed oxidation is involved in the GS inactivation by the small-molecular fraction of CSF. Dithiothreitol(DTT) was shown to inhibit almost completely the oxidative inactivation of GS by CSF. However, DTT inhibited only partially the oxidative inactivation of GS caused by small-molecular fraction of CSF. When large-molecular fraction of CSF was separated by anion-exchange HPLC chromatogrpahy, there was a peak of antioxidant activity inhibiting the small-molecular fraction-induced GS inactivation in the presence of DTT. The antioxidant activity was neutralized by monoclonal antibodies to transthyretin. Purified transthyretin was found to efficiently inhibit ascorbate/Cu^(2+)-induced GS inactivation in the presence of DTT. Uric acid and glucose did not show any protective effect on the GS inactivation in the same condition. The above results suggest that metal-catalyzed oxidation occurs normally in human CSF, and that transthyretin may play an important role as a CSF antioxidant in protecting proteins from metal-catalyzed oxidation.