http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
김갑환,김홍배,홍봉희,김기영,배종욱,최진오,김두열,이영기,박영만,박강태,손행대 한국경영과학회 1995 經營 科學 Vol.12 No.3
The Pusan Container Terminal faces a rapid increase in berthing time of container ships as well as in waiting time of external trucks, which is due to an absolute lack of yard space. This research is focused on the development of a decision support system for the planning of the container terminal yard assignment so that the yard space would be utilized most effectively. Efforts should be given to the reasonable assignment of the yard storage and the dynamic adaptation to the ever changing environment. The software introduced here is based o the know-how of the field exports and its framework takes the approach of the hierarchical decision making.
595nm Pulsed Dye Laser를 이용한 수술 흉터 치료 1예
박기남(Ki Nam Park),정만기(Man Ki Chung),정한신(Han-Sin Jeong),유승재(Seung Jae Yoo),전형기(Hyung-Ki Chun),김원석(Won Seok Kim),손영익(Young-Ik Son) 대한두경부종양학회 2006 대한두경부 종양학회지 Vol.22 No.2
Pulsed dye laser(PDL) is originally designed for the treatment of vascular lesions but also effective in im-proving the quality and appearance of surgical scars. Recently, 595nm Pulsed dye laser(V-beam laser), which has the advantage of deeper tissue penetration and lesser amount of purpura, is spotlighted as a new option for the treatment of surgical scar. The authors treated a surgical scar of a female patient with V-beam laser for 3 times between 4 and 12 weeks after surgery. Subjective satisfaction was improved with visual analogue scale (VAS) and objective improvements were found in parameters of vascularity, pliability and height with Van-couver Scar Scale(VSS). We report the effectiveness of V-beam laser in surgical scar of Asian patient and plan the prospective study with larger scale.
Dexamethasone downregulates caveolin-1 causing muscle atrophy via inhibited insulin signaling
Son, Young Hoon,Lee, Seok-Jin,Lee, Ki-Baek,Lee, Jin-Haeng,Jeong, Eui Man,Chung, Sun Gun,Park, Sang-Chul,Kim, In-Gyu Journal of Endocrinology, Ltd. [etc.] 2015 The Journal of endocrinology Vol.225 No.1
<P>Glucocorticoids play a major role in the development of muscle atrophy in various medical conditions, such as cancer, burn injury, and sepsis, by inhibiting insulin signaling. In this study, we report a new pathway in which glucocorticoids reduce the levels of upstream insulin signaling components by downregulating the transcription of the gene encoding caveolin-1 (CAV1), a scaffolding protein present in the caveolar membrane. Treatment with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX) decreased CAV1 protein and <I>Cav1</I> mRNA expression, with a concomitant reduction in insulin receptor alpha (IRα) and IR substrate 1 (IRS1) levels in C2C12 myotubes. On the basis of the results of promoter analysis using deletion mutants and site-directed mutagenesis a negative glucocorticoid-response element in the regulatory region of the <I>Cav1</I> gene was identified, confirming that <I>Cav1</I> is a glucocorticoid-target gene. <I>Cav1</I> knockdown using siRNA decreased the protein levels of IRα and IRS1, and overexpression of <I>Cav1</I> prevented the DEX-induced decrease in IRα and IRS1 proteins, demonstrating a causal role of <I>Cav1</I> in the inhibition of insulin signaling. Moreover, injection of adenovirus expressing <I>Cav1</I> into the gastrocnemius muscle of mice prevented DEX-induced atrophy. These results indicate that CAV1 is a critical regulator of muscle homeostasis, linking glucocorticoid signaling to the insulin signaling pathway, thereby providing a novel target for the prevention of glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy.</P>
고농도 포도당조건에서 호중구에 의한 내피세포의 손상에 관한 연구
손석만,김인주,김용기 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.24 No.6
연구배경:당뇨병은 발생빈도가 높은 대사성 질환중의 하나이며, 혈관성 합병증으로 인한 사망률이 매우 높은 질환이다. 최근 여러 연구들에서 염증성 자극이나 동맥경화형성 자극(atherogenic stimulus)에 의해 혈관내피세포 산소 유리기(oxygen free radical)가 생성된다는 사실이 보고되고 있고, 산소 유리기의 생성과 이로 인한 산화 스트레스는 내피세포의 기능장애를 야기시켜 혈관질환을 일으킨다는 보고들이 있다. 또한, 혈관에 염증성 자극이 가해질 때 혈관벽으로 호중구의 부착과 동원이 증가되며, 이러한 과정에서 호중구에서 생성 유리되는 산소유리기와 단백분해 효소와 같은 세포 독성 물질들이 내피세포의 기능장애를 야기시킨다고 보고되고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 고혈당에 의한 당뇨병성 혈관질환의 발생기전을 알아보기 위해 고농도 포도당상태에서 내피세포 손상과 호중구의 활성(activation)과의 연관성에 대새 관찰하였다. 방법:사람 제대정맥 내피세포를 Dglucose 5.5, 15 및 30mmol/L와 삼투성 대조군으로 Lglucose 30mmol/L를 함유한 배양배지를 만들어 배양한 후 내피세포의 Eselectin 발현현상, 호중구의 부착, 이동 및 활성화 정도와 호중구에 의한 내피세포의 손상을 관찰하였다. 결과:1. 24시간동안 Dglucose 15 mmol/L와 30 mmol/L에 노출된 내피세포에 대한 호중구의 부착률(각각 5.0±0.4%와 10.4±0.5%)이 Dglucose 5.5 mmol/L의 조건에서 배양된 내피세포(2.9±0.4%)에 비하여 현저히 증가하였다(각각 p<0.05와 p<0.01). 2. 내피세포를 24시간 동안 각각의 포도당 농도에서 배양하여 Eselectin의 발현을 흡광도(OD)로 측정하였을 때, Dglucose 5.5 mmol/L의 0.79±0.06 OD보다 높았다(p<0.01). 3. 호중구의 이동률은 Dglucose 30 mmol/L의 조건에서 Dglucose 5.5 mmol/L의 조건보다 높았다(각각 49.8±4.2% vs. 27.3±1.9%, p<0.05). 4. 호중구의 활성화 정도를 관찰하였을 때 Dglucose 30 mmol/L로 호중구를 자극한 경우 lactoferrin과 myeloperoxidase의 유리가 Dglucose 5.5 mmol/L과 Lglucose 30 mmol/L로 자극하는 경우보다 높게 나왔다. 5. 호중구의 내피세포에 대한 세포독성을 평가하기 위해 4시간 동안Dglucose 5.5, 15,30 mmol/L와 Lglucose 30 mmol/L에 배양하였을때 Dglucose 30 mmol/L로 자극한 경우 내피세포에 대한 세포독성이 높았다(27.5%와 10.6%, p<0.01). 결론:고농도의 포도당에 의해 활성화된 호중구가 직접적으로 혈관 내피세포 손상을 야기시켰으며, 이러한 혈관의 염증성 반응은 당뇨병성 혈관합병증의 발생기전에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 사료된다. Background : High glucose level plays a major role in the injury of endothelium during the early event in diabetic vascular complication. It was speculated that high glucose level may cause endothelial cell injury by neutrophil activation. Methods : The human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were obtained from American Type Culture Collection. The cells were incubated as long as 24 hours to evaluate the expression of E-selectin on the cell surface using whole cell ELISA method. The adherence of neutrophils to human umbilical endothelial cell monolayers and transendothelial migration of ^51Cr-labeled neutrophils were evaluated under the condition of different concentrations of D-glucose (5.5, 15, and 3.0 m mol/L). L-glucose (30 m mol/L) was used as an osmotic control after 24h incubation. We also measured neutrophil-mediated endothelial cell cytotoxicity using a ^51Cr-release assay and release of activating markers (lactoferrin and myeloeroxidase) from neutrophils under the same conditions. Results : The expression of E-selectin was increased on endothelium when incubated with medium containing high glucose (30 m mol/L) compared to control (5.5 m mol/L) preparation (1.36 OD vs. 0.79 OD, p<0.05). Increased adherence of neutrophils to HUVEC was observed with high glucose when compared to control (10.4% vs. 2.9%, p<0.01). Similarly, neutrophil migration across the cultured endothelial monolayers were also significantly increased by high glucose (49.8% vs. 27.3%, p<0.05). ^51Cr-release from endothelial cells by neutrophils stimulated with high glucose was greater than that with control (27.5% vs. 10.6%, p<0.05). Release of activating markers from neutrophils incubated with high glucose was greater than that from neutrophils incubated with control. Conclusion : These results indicate that high glucose increases the adherence and transendothelial migration of neutrophils and cause endothelial cell injury through neutrophil activation. Thus, it is concluded that high glucose level maybe contribute to manifestation of the diabetic vascular disease, including the early step in the initiation of an acute inflammation of vascular endothelial cells (J Kor Diabetes Asso 24:652~665, 2000).