Isolation of L-theanine from Tea Solution by Cation Exchange Resin in Batch and Fixed Bed Column

Jian-Hui Ye,Yi-Wen Luo,Hui-Ling Liang,Jian-Liang Lu,Jing Jin,Yue-Rong Liang,Xin-Qiang Zheng,Xian-Yang Luo 한국생물공학회 2011 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.16 No.2

L-Theanine, a bioactive compound in tea, was isolated from tea solution using cation exchange resin no.732. The adsorption of L-theanine by cation exchange resin no.732 fit the Langmuir isotherm model and was a monolayer molecular interaction process. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption of L-theanine by resin no.732 was an exothermic and spontaneous physically driven process. The adsorption capacity was influenced by temperature, initial concentration, and pH. The L-theanine adsorption capacity under conditions at room temperature,pH 4.73, and initial L-theanine concentration 18 g/L was 241.731 ± 3.679 mg/g. The Thomas model was fit to describe the column adsorption data at different flow rates and initial concentrations. The L-theanine adsorbed by resin no.732 could be desorbed by 0.134 mol/L Na2HPO4aqueous solution with a recovery rate of 84.96%. These findings indicate that resin no.732 was a promising material for isolating L-theanine from tea solution.

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Psychological Effects of Primary Nocturnal Enuresis in Chinese Young Adults

Hui Jie Hu,Zhen Wei Zhang,Yu Liang,Yan Yan Luo,Qi Feng Dou,Cui Ping Song,Hui Min Zhang,Ying Zhao,Guang Run Tian,Ke Zhang,Qiu Fang Mao,Jing Gui Song,Soren Rittig,Jian Guo Wen 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2021 International Neurourology Journal Vol.25 No.1

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and effects of primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) on physical and mental health in young adults in mainland China. Methods: An anonymous questionnaire was used to collect information including the sociodemographic characteristics, history of PNE, family history, daytime voiding symptoms, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores, Self-Esteem Scale (SES), and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). A total of 22,500 university students from 23 provinces and 368 cities in mainland China were included. Results: In total, 21,082 questionnaires were collected, and 20,345 of them qualified for statistical analysis. The PNE prevalence was 1.17%, and the distribution of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE) and nonmonosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (NMNE) was 66.1% and 33.9%, respectively. In total, 28% of respondents with PNE reported bedwetting daily, 31.6% between 1 and 7 times weekly, and 40.4% between 1 and 4 times monthly; 80% of PNE cases had no history of treatment. The prevalence of PNE in patients with a family history, frequency, urgency, urinary incontinence, and recurrent urinary tract infections was significantly higher than in those without these conditions (P<0.001). PNE was significantly correlated with the PSQI total score (sleep quality) (P=0.011). The SES score was lower and the SDS was higher (P<0.001) in the PNE group than in those without PNE. Conclusions: In mainland China, the PNE prevalence among young adults was found to be high, and PNE had significant effects on physical and mental health. Risk factors included a family history, daytime voiding symptoms, and lack of treatment.

Preparation and Thermal Performance of Fullerene-Based Lead Salt

Hui-Juan Guan,Rufang Peng,Bo Jin,Hua Liang,Fengqi Zhao,Xing-Bing Bu,Wen-Jing Han,Shijin Chu 대한화학회 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.8

C60 is widely investigated because of its unique structure. But its applications in solid propellant seem to be relatively neglected. C60 has more outstanding features than carbon black which is widely used as a catalyst ingredient of solid propellant. To combine the advantages of fullerene and lead salts, another good composite in propellant catalysts, we synthesized a kind of fullerene phenylalanine lead salt (FPL) and explored its thermal performances by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). The results show it undergoes four exothermic processes started from 408 K. Combined TGA and X-ray diffractometer (XRD), the decomposition mechanism of FPL was derived by TG-IR and comparing IR spectra of FPL and its residues after burned to 327 °C, 376 °C and 424 °C, respectively. Effect of FPL on the decomposition characteristic of hexogen (RDX), a type of explosive in propellant, has been investigated using DTA at different heating rate, which shows the decomposition temperatures of the explosive are all reduced by more than 20 K. The corresponding activation energy (Ea) is decreased by 30 kJ·mol−1. So FPL has potential application as a combustion catalyst in solid propellant.

Instantaneous frequency extraction in time-varying structures using a maximum gradient method

Jing-liang Liu,Xiaojun Wei,Ren-Hui Qiu,Jin-Yang Zheng,Yan-Jie Zhu,Irwanda Laory 국제구조공학회 2018 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.22 No.3

A method is proposed for the identification of instantaneous frequencies (IFs) in time-varying structures. The proposed method combines a maximum gradient algorithm and a smoothing operation. The maximum gradient algorithm is designed to extract the wavelet ridges of response signals. The smoothing operation, based on a polynomial curve fitting algorithm and a threshold method, is employed to reduce the effects of random noises. To verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method, a numerical example of a signal with two frequency modulated components is investigated and an experimental test on a steel cable with time-varying tensions is also conducted. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can extract IFs from the noisy multi-component signals and practical response signals successfully. In addition, the proposed method can provide a better IF identification results than the standard synchrosqueezing wavelet transform.

Antioxidant Properties of Green Tea, Oolong Tea, Black Tea and Pu-erh Tea

Jian-Hui Ye,Jing Jin,Yue-Rong Liang 한국차학회 2015 한국차학회지 Vol.- No.S

The antioxidant properties of green tea, oolong tea, black tea and pu-erh tea were studied using DPPH, ABTS and ORAC assays. Green tea had the strongest antioxidant capacities: 201.504 mg trolox/g for DPPH, 676.117 mg trolox/g for ABTS and 1215.029 mg trolox/g for ORAC. For DPPH and ABTS assays, the kinetics of different teas fitted well with second-order exponential decay equations, and single electron transfer reaction was the major reaction process. For ORAC assay, the decay of fluorescence intensity was accurately predicted by Boltzmann sigmoidal equation, and hydrogen atom transfer reaction was the principal reaction. The antioxidant capacities measured by DPPH, ABTS and ORAC assays were positively correlated to the total phenolics contents in teas, among which (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) and (-)-epicatechin (EC) had the highest correlation coefficients with the antioxidant capacities of teas.

3-Deazaneplanocin A is a Promising Therapeutic Agent for Ovarian Cancer Cells

Shen, Liang,Cui, Jing,Pang, Ying-Xin,Ma, Yan-Hui,Liu, Pei-Shu Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.5

Background: Recent studies have shown that 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep), a well-known histone methyltransferase inhibitor, disrupts polycomb-repressive complex 2 (PRC2), and induces apoptosis, while inhibiting proliferation and metastasis, in cancer cells, including acute myeloid leukemia, breast cancer and glioblastoma. However, little is known about effects of DZNep on ovarian cancer cells. Materials and Methods: We here therefore studied DZNep-treated A2780 ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Proliferation of ovarian cancer cells under treatment of DZNep was assessed by MTT and apoptosis by flow cytometry. Cell wound healing was applied to detect the migration. Finally, we used q-PCR to assess the migration-related gene, E-cadherin. Results: DZNep could inhibit the proliferation of A2780 and induce apoptosis Furthermore, it inhibited migration and increased the expression of E-cadherin (P<0.05). Conclusion: DZNep is a promising therapeutic agent for ovarian cancer cells, with potential to inhibite proliferation, induce apoptosis and decrease migration.

The pivotal role of the NLRC4 inflammasome in neuroinflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats

Gan Hui,Zhang Li,Chen Hui,Xiao Han,Wang Lu,Zhai Xuan,Jiang Ning,Liang Ping,Zheng Shuyue,Zhao Jing 생화학분자생물학회 2021 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.53 No.-

The NLRC4 inflammasome, a member of the nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) family, amplifies inflammation by facilitating the processing of caspase-1, interleukin (IL)–1β, and IL-18. We explored whether NLRC4 knockdown alleviated inflammatory injury following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Furthermore, we investigated whether NLRC4 inflammasome activation can be adjusted by the regulator of G protein signaling 2/leucine-rich repeat kinase-2 pathway. Fifty microliters of arterial blood was drawn and injected into the basal ganglion to simulate the ICH model. NLRC4 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were utilized to knockdown NLRC4. An LRRK2 inhibitor (GNE7915) was injected into the abdominal cavity. Short hairpin (sh) RNA lentiviruses and lentiviruses containing RGS2 were designed and applied to knockdown and promote RGS2 expression. Neurological functions, brain edema, Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent, hematoxylin and eosin staining, Nissl staining, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence assay and Evans blue dye extravasation and autofluorescence assay were evaluated. It was shown that the NLRC4 inflammasome was activated following ICH injury. NLRC4 knockdown extenuated neuronal death, damage to the blood-brain barrier, brain edema and neurological deficiency 3 days after ICH. NLRC4 knockdown reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) cells as well as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and IL-18 following ICH. GNE7915 reduced pNLRC4 and NLRC4 inflammasome activation. RGS2 suppressed the interaction of LRRK2 and NLRC4 and NLRC4 inflammasome activation by regulating pLRRK2. Our study demonstrated that the NLRC4 inflammasome may aggravate the inflammatory injury induced by ICH and that RGS2/LRRK2 may relieve inflammatory injury by restraining NLRC4 inflammasome activation.

Thrombospondin-2 Couples Pressure-Promoted Chondrogenesis through NF-κB Signaling

Niu Jing,Feng Fan,Zhang Songbai,Zhu Yue,Song Runfang,Li Junrong,Zhao Liang,Wang Hui,Zhao Ying,Zhang Min 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2023 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.20 No.5

BACKGROUND: Our previous studies found that the mechanical stimulation promote chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), along with up-regulation of thrombospondin-2 (TSP-2). The aim of this study was to explore the effect of thrombospondin-2 (TSP-2) on the mechanical pressure-stimulated chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs and the possible role of NF-jB signaling in the mechano-chemical coupling regulation toward chondrogenesis. METHODS: Rat BMSCs were isolated, cultured and identified. The time-dependent expressions of TSP-2 and Sox9 in BMSCs under a dynamic mechanical pressure of 0–120 kPa at 0.1 Hz for 1 h were tested by qPCR and Western blotting. The role of TSP-2 in chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs under mechanical pressure was validated by using small interfering RNA. The impact of TSP-2 and mechanical pressure on chondrogenesis were detected and the downstream signaling molecules were explored using Western blotting. RESULTS: Mechanical pressure stimulation of 0–120 kPa for 1 h significantly upregulated the expression of TSP-2 in BMSCs. The expression of the chondrogenesis markers Sox9, Aggrecan, and Col-II were all upregulated under dynamic mechanical pressure or TSP-2 stimulation. Additional exogenous TSP-2 may potentiate the chondrogenic effect of mechanical stimulation. After knock down TSP-2, the upregulation of Sox9, Aggrecan and Col-II under mechanical pressure was inhibited. The NF-jB signaling pathway responded to both dynamic pressure and TSP-2 stimulation, and the cartilage-promoting effect was blocked by an NF-jB signaling inhibitor. CONCLUSION: TSP-2 plays an essential role in the chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs under mechanical pressure. NF-jB signaling is involved in the mechano-chemical coupling of TSP-2 andmechanical pressure for the chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs.

Preparation of Thermosensitive Hydrogels by means of Tandem Physical and Chemical Crosslinking

Hong-Liang Wei,Kai Yao,Zhe Yang,Hui-Juan Chu,Jing Zhu,Cun-Cai Ma,Zi-Xuan Zhao 한국고분자학회 2011 Macromolecular Research Vol.19 No.3

The tandem physical and chemical crosslinking was used to prepare injectable hydrogels. First, the terpolymers with diene groups were synthesized by the free radical copolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA), N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) and furfuryl methacrylate (FM). Second, dienophile-functionalized terpolymers were obtained from the terpolymers of NIPA, DMA, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and Nmaleoyl alanine (AMI) by a coupling reaction under N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC). When the screened diene-functionalized terpolymer and dienophile-functionalized terpolymer were dissolved separately in water and mixed, physically cross-linked hydrogels formed rapidly within 10 s at 37 ℃. Subsequently, the physically crosslinked hydrogels could change gradually into chemically cross-linked hydrogels by a Diels-Alder reaction and the mechanical strength of the hydrogels could be improved. The swelling behavior study suggests that the hydrogels possess thermosensitivity and good reproducibility at different temperatures. The strategy described, i.e. incorporating the advantages of physically crosslinked hydrogels and chemically crosslinked hydrogels, has potential applications in the preparation of injectable hydrogels.

Instantaneous frequency extraction in time-varying structures using a maximum gradient method

Liu, Jing-liang,Wei, Xiaojun,Qiu, Ren-Hui,Zheng, Jin-Yang,Zhu, Yan-Jie,Laory, Irwanda Techno-Press 2018 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.22 No.3

A method is proposed for the identification of instantaneous frequencies (IFs) in time-varying structures. The proposed method combines a maximum gradient algorithm and a smoothing operation. The maximum gradient algorithm is designed to extract the wavelet ridges of response signals. The smoothing operation, based on a polynomial curve fitting algorithm and a threshold method, is employed to reduce the effects of random noises. To verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method, a numerical example of a signal with two frequency modulated components is investigated and an experimental test on a steel cable with time-varying tensions is also conducted. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can extract IFs from the noisy multi-component signals and practical response signals successfully. In addition, the proposed method can provide a better IF identification results than the standard synchrosqueezing wavelet transform.