Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Hainanmycin on Protein Degradation and Populations of Ammonia-producing Bacteria In vitro

Wang, Z.B.,Xin, H.S.,Wang, M.J.,Li, Z.Y.,Qu, Y.L.,Miao, S.J.,Zhang, Y.G. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.5

An in vitro fermentation was conducted to determine the effects of hainanmycin on protein degradation and populations of ammonia-producing bacteria. The substrates (DM basis) for in vitro fermentation consisted of alfalfa hay (31.7%), Chinese wild rye grass hay (28.3%), ground corn grain (24.5%), soybean meal (15.5%) with a forage: concentrate of 60:40. Treatments were the control (no additive) and hainanmycin supplemented at 0.1 (H0.1), 1 (H1), 10 (H10), and 100 mg/kg (H100) of the substrates. After 24 h of fermentation, the highest addition level of hainanmycin decreased total VFA concentration and increased the final pH. The high addition level of hainanmycin (H1, H10, and H100) reduced (p<0.05) branched-chain VFA concentration, the molar proportion of acetate and butyrate, and ratio of acetate to propionate; and increased the molar proportion of propionate, except that for H1 the in molar proportion of acetate and isobutyrate was not changed (p>0.05). After 24 h of fermentation, H10 and H100 increased (p<0.05) concentrations of peptide nitrogen and AA nitrogen and proteinase activity, and decreased (p<0.05) $NH_3$-N concentration and deaminase activity compared with control. Peptidase activitives were not affected by hainanmycin. Hainanmycin supplementation only inhibited the growth of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, which is one of the species of low deaminative activity. Hainanmycin supplementation also decreased (p<0.05) relative population sizes of hyper-ammonia-producing species, except for H0.1 on Clostridium aminophilum. It was concluded that dietary supplementation with hainanmycin could improve ruminal fermentation and modify protein degradation by changing population size of ammonia-producing bacteria in vitro; and the addition level of 10 mg/kg appeared to achieve the best results.

PHF2 histone demethylase acts as a tumor suppressor in association with p53 in cancer

Lee, K-H,Park, J-W,Sung, H-S,Choi, Y-J,Kim, W H,Lee, H S,Chung, H-J,Shin, H-W,Cho, C-H,Kim, T-Y,Li, S-H,Youn, H-D,Kim, S J,Chun, Y-S Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015 Oncogene Vol.34 No.22

Plant homeodomain finger 2 (PHF2) has a role in epigenetic regulation of gene expression by demethylating H3K9-Me2. Several genome-wide studies have demonstrated that the chromosomal region including the PHF2 gene is often deleted in some cancers including colorectal cancer, and this finding encouraged us to investigate the tumor suppressive role of PHF2. As p53 is a critical tumor suppressor in colon cancer, we tested the possibility that PHF2 is an epigenetic regulator of p53. PHF2 was associated with p53, and thereby, promoted p53-driven gene expression in cancer cells under genotoxic stress. PHF2 converted the chromatin that is favorable for transcription by demethylating the repressive H3K9-Me2 mark. In an HCT116 xenograft model, PHF2 was found to be required for the anticancer effects of oxaliplatin and doxorubicin. In PHF2-deficient xenografts, p53 expression was profoundly induced by both drugs, but its downstream product p21 was not, suggesting that p53 cannot be activated in the absence of PHF2. To find clinical evidence about the role of PHF2, we analyzed the expressions of PHF2, p53 and p21 in human colon cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues from patients. PHF2 was downregulated in cancer tissues and PHF2 correlated with p21 in cancers expressing functional p53. Colon and stomach cancer tissue arrays showed a positive correlation between PHF2 and p21 expressions. Informatics analyses using the Oncomine database also supported our notion that PHF2 is downregulated in colon and stomach cancers. On the basis of these findings, we propose that PHF2 acts as a tumor suppressor in association with p53 in cancer development and ensures p53-mediated cell death in response to chemotherapy.

유형별 완전혼합사료 급여가 반추위내의 발효성상 및 영양소 소화율에 미치는 영향

이덕윤,고종렬,최낙진,이상석,송재용,이세영,박성호,성하균,하종규 한국동물자원과학회 2003 한국축산학회지 Vol.45 No.5

This study was conducted to examine effects of feeding dry TMR(DTMR), wet TMR(WTMR) and fermented TMR(FTMR) on rumen fermentation, enzyme activity and digestibility in the total tract of sheep. Three rumen cannulated sheep were used in a 3 × 3 latin square design. The present results showed that ?, NH_(3)-N, total and individual VFA, A/P ratio and enzymes (CMCase, Xylanase and Protease) activity in the rumen were higher in WTMR and FTMR compared with DTMR. In addition, dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, NDF and ADF digestibility in the total tract were also higher in WTMR and FTMR compared with DTMR. Therefore, the present results showed that WTMR and FTMr are better than DTMR for rumen fermentation and nutrients digestibility.

Mucosally administered Lactobacillus surface-displayed influenza antigens (sM2 and HA2) with cholera toxin subunit A1 (CTA1) Induce broadly protective immune responses against divergent influenza subtypes

Li, R.,Chowdhury, M.Y.E.,Kim, J.H.,Kim, T.H.,Pathinayake, P.,Koo, W.S.,Park, M.E.,Yoon, J.E.,Roh, J.B.,Hong, S.P.,Sung, M.H.,Lee, J.S.,Kim, C.J. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2015 Veterinary microbiology Vol.179 No.3

The development of a universal influenza vaccine that provides broad cross protection against existing and unforeseen influenza viruses is a critical challenge. In this study, we constructed and expressed conserved sM2 and HA2 influenza antigens with cholera toxin subunit A1 (CTA1) on the surface of Lactobacillus casei (pgsA-CTA1sM2HA2/L. casei). Oral and nasal administrations of recombinant L. casei into mice resulted in high levels of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and their isotypes (IgG1 & IgG2a) as well as mucosal IgA. The mucosal administration of pgsA-CTA1sM2HA2/L. casei may also significantly increase the levels of sM2- or HA2-specific cell-mediated immunity because increased release of both IFN-γ and IL-4 was observed. The recombinant pgsA-CTA1sM2HA2/L. casei provided better protection of BALB/c mice against 10 times the 50% mouse lethal doses (MLD<SUB>50</SUB>) of homologous A/EM/Korea/W149/06(H5N1) or A/Aquatic bird/Korea/W8½005 (H5N2) and heterologous A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1), or A/Chicken/Korea/116/2004(H9N2) or A/Philippines/2/08(H3N2) viruses, compared with L. casei harboring sM2HA2 and also the protection was maintained up to seven months after administration. These results indicate that recombinant L. casei expressing the highly conserved sM2, HA2 of influenza and CTA1 as a mucosal adjuvant could be a potential mucosal vaccine candidate or tool to protect against divergent influenza viruses for human and animal.

Sedimentation field-flow fractionation for characterization of citric acid-modified Hβ zeolite particles: Effect of particle dispersion and carrier composition

Dou, H.,Bai, G.,Ding, L.,Li, Y.,Lee, S. Elsevier 2015 Journal of chromatography Vol.1422 No.-

In this study, sedimentation field-flow fractionation (SdFFF) was, for the first time, applied for determination of size distribution of Hβ zeolite particles modified by citric acid (CA-Hβ). Effects of the particle dispersion and the carrier liquid composition (type of dispersing reagent (surfactant) and salt added in the carrier liquid, ionic strength, and pH) on SdFFF elution behavior of CA-Hβ zeolite particles were systematically investigated. Also the SdFFF separation efficiency of the particles was discussed in terms of the forces such as van der Waals, hydrophobic, and induced-dipole interactions. Results reveal that the type of salt and pH of the carrier liquid significantly affect the SdFFF separation efficiency of the zeolite particles. It was found that addition of a salt (NaN<SUB>3</SUB>) into the carrier liquid affects the characteristic of the SdFFF channel surface. It was found that the use of an acidic medium (pH 3.2) leads to a particle-channel interaction, while the use of a basic medium (pH 10.6) promotes an inter-particle hydrophobic interaction. Result from SdFFF was compared with those from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). It seems that, once the experimental conditions are optimized, SdFFF becomes a valuable tool for size characterization of the zeolite particles.

Microstructural Stability and Creep Performance of a Novel Low-Cost Single Crystal Superalloy

Z. H. Tan,X. G. Wang,Y. L. Du,Y. M. Li,Y. H. Yang,J. L. Liu,J. D. Liu,J. G. Li,Y. Z. Zhou,X. F. Sun 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.7

The increasing pursuit of advanced aero-engines with lower ratio between the cost and performance has greatly promotedthe demanding of single crystal superalloys characterized by low cost and outstanding temperature capability. In this study,a novel low-cost single crystal superalloy was designed and the creep tests as well as micro-characterization were carried outon the experimental alloy. The results illustrated that the novel single crystal alloy exhibited an ideal microstructural stabilitywithout precipitating TCP phases, after long-term thermal exposure at the ultimate service temperature of third generationsingle crystal superalloys. Moreover, the experimental alloy with only 3 wt% Re addition demonstrated remarkable creepresistance and maintained a very low minimum creep rate at 1100 °C/137 MPa and 1120 °C/137 MPa, while the accumulationand coalescence of micro-pores had eventually led to the alloy fracture. Apart from that, the compact interfacial dislocationnetworks the 2nd γ′ phase were observed after high-temperature creep rupture, and the typical a < 010 > superdislocationswith relatively poor mobility was found at 1120 °C. At 760 °C/800 MPa, both the minimum creep velocity and entire creepstain was increased evidently, however, the ultimate creep rupture life of the alloy had still reached 200 h. The correspondingdeformation mechanism was identified as the combination of superdislocation pairs shearing and a/3 < 121 > partial dislocationcutting the γ′ phase with a SISF being generated. In general, the novel single crystal alloy characterized by remarkablemechanical properties and cost reduction possesses a great potential for future application in the advanced aircraft engines.

Self-adaptive Si/reduced graphene oxide scrolls for high-performance Li-ion battery anodes

Yu, Y.,Li, G.,Zhou, S.,Chen, X.,Lee, H.W.,Yang, W. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2017 Carbon Vol.120 No.-

<P>A Si/C composite with Si nanoparticles (nSi) uniformly dispersed in the interlayers of reduced graphene oxide scrolls (rGS) is successfully developed for high-performance Li-ion battery anodes. The rGS can deform reversibly with the repeated expansion/contraction of nSi to maintain contact between the nSi and the conductive rGS network, which can effectively buffer large volume changes and maintain continuous large-area core-shell electrical contact. Additionally, the continuous electrical network of rGS greatly enhances the electrical conductivity, and the open structures at the ends and sides of rGS provide paths for rapid diffusion of Li ions, thus enhancing the rate performance. By virtue of the rational design, the composite shows a high reversible specific capacity of 2030 mA h g(-1) at 0.2 A g(-1), high cycling stability of 1200 mA h g(-1) at 4 A g(-1) with 99.2% capacity retention after 200 cycles, and an excellent rate performance of 1000 mA h g(-1) even at 8 A g(-1). (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

Global Histone H4 Acetylation of IGF1 and GH Genes in Lungs of Somatic Cell Cloned Calves

Zhang, L.,Wang, S.H.,Fan, B.L.,Dai, Y.P.,Fei, J.,Li, N. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.8

Histone acetylation modification is one key mechanism in the regulation of gene activation. In this study, we investigated the global levels of histone H4 acetylation of insulin like growth factor I (IGF1) and growth hormone (GH) genes in the lungs of two somatic cell cloned calves. Data showed the levels of histone H4 acetylation of IGF1 and GH genes vary widely within different gene regions, and, in almost all regions of the two genes, acetylation levels are lower in the aberrant clone than in the normal clone. Thus we suggest that inefficient epigenetic reprogramming in the clone may affect the balance between acetylation and deacetylation, which will affect normal growth and development. These findings will also have implications for improvement of cloning success rates.

Pseudonocardia endophytica sp. nov., isolated from the pharmaceutical plant Lobelia clavata

Chen, H.-H.,Qin, S.,Li, J.,Zhang, Y.-Q.,Xu, L.-H.,Jiang, C.-L.,Kim, C.-J.,Li, W.-J. Microbiology Society 2009 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.59 No.3

<P>An endophytic actinomycete strain, designated YIM 56035(T), was isolated from the inner tissue of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Lobelia clavata. The strain stained Gram-positive, was aerobic and exhibited branching, white aerial mycelium and yellowish-brown substrate mycelium. The strain formed spore chains on aerial hyphae. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 70.3 mol%. On the basis of morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain YIM 56035(T) was assigned to the genus Pseudonocardia. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed 98.5, 97.3, 97.3 and 97.1 % similarity to the closely related type strains Pseudonocardia kongjuensis LM 157(T), Pseudonocardia autotrophica IMSNU 20050(T), Pseudonocardia ammonioxydans H9(T) and Pseudonocardia compacta IMSNU 20111(T), respectively. The results of DNA-DNA hybridizations and comparison of some phenotypic characteristics revealed that the strain represents a novel species of the genus Pseudonocardia. The name Pseudonocardia endophytica sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain YIM 56035(T) (=DSM 44969(T) =CCTCC AA 206026(T) =KCTC 19150(T)).</P>

Photoelectrochemical water splitting employing a tapered silicon nanohole array

Jung, J. Y.,Choi, M.,Zhou, K.,Li, X.,Jee, S. W.,Um, H. D.,Park, M. J.,Park, K. T.,Bang, J.,Lee, J. H. Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.2 No.3

An effective photocathode adopting a tapered Si nanohole (SiNH) array has been developed for photoelectrochemical water splitting. The tapered feature of SiNH photocathodes resulted in a gradation of the refractive indices between Si and air, such that the mismatching of optical impedance was alleviated and light absorption was enhanced. Adjusting the depth of the SiNHs successfully simulated the number of dielectric layers, optimizing the destructive interference for an antireflective coating (ARC). Only a 200 nm-thin NH array was required to absorb similar to 96% of solar spectral irradiance for photoelectrochemical applications. This thickness also minimized the undesirable surface recombination loss. When compared to a similar system using a planar technology, the formation of NHs was observed to cause an increase in the optical bandgap. This could generate a surface-passivation effect, resulting in a lowering of dark current and an increase in photovoltage, which could be utilized for an anodic shift of the onset voltage. Due to the addition of tapered SiNHs, the photogenerated current was improved by similar to 30% (similar to 33 mA cm(-2)) compared to a planar counterpart (similar to 25 mA cm(-2)), while the overpotential required for H-2 evolution was reduced.