키르기스스탄 출토 중국계 동경을 통해 본 西遼(1124∼1218)의 교류사적 의미

박진경(Park, Jin-Kyung) 한국미술사학회 2023 美術史學硏究 Vol.318 No.318

키르기스스탄 노보포크로브카(Novopokrovka) 지역에서 출토된 중국계 동경은 遼·金系 양식으로 카자흐스탄 동남부 및 키르기스스탄 북부를 중심으로 발견해온 동경들과 유사한 특징을 나타낸다. 五代 이후로 중앙아시아에서는 좀처럼 보기 어려웠던 중세 중국계 동경이 이 지역을 중심으로 다시 발견되는 양상을 살필 수 있어 주목된다. 중국계 동경들은 키르기스스탄-카자흐스탄의 국경 지대로 추이 계곡(Chuy Vаllеу)을 포함한 주변 지역에서 주로 출토되었다. 이 지역은 12세기 초 거란이 金에게 중원을 내어주고 서쪽으로 이동해 西遼(Qara Khitai, 1124∼1218)를 다시 세웠던 곳으로 당시 수도였던 발라사군(Balasaghun)을 포함해 서요의 주요 거점지역에 해당하였다. 특히 중국의 동북삼성을 중심으로 출토된 금대 동경과 한국의 고려시대 유적에서 출토된 금계 동경과의 관련성도 찾을 수 있어 금계 양식이 국제적인 양식으로 유라시아의 광범위한 영역에서 소비 및 유통되었던 상황과도 연결된다. 서요가 멸망했던 13세기 초 이후로 중국계 동경이 중앙아시아에서 출토되는 양상은 현저히 줄어든다. 몽골의 침략과 함께 오아시스 지역의 중심 도시들이 13세기를 하한선으로 갑자기 쇠락해 상당 기간 회복되지 못했을 뿐 아니라 이슬람 문화권의 영향력이 더욱 확대됨에 따라 중국계보다 이슬람계 동경이 더 선호되었던 소비 기호의 경향 역시 주요한 요인으로 작용했을 것이다. Chinese-style bronze mirrors in the style of the Liao and Jin Dynasties excavated in Novopokrovka, Kyrgyzstan, display similarities to those found in southeastern Kazakhstan and northern Kyrgyzstan. As Chinese-style bronze mirrors of Central Asia rarely date later than the period of the Five Dynasties, the Novopokrovka mirrors are remarkable as being from the medieval period. They were mostly excavated in the Chuy Valley, the border area between Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. In the early twelfth century, the Khitans lost the central China to the Jurchens and migrated to the west to establish the Qara Khitai (Western Liao). The new dynasty was centered around the Chuy Valley, including the capital city of Balasaghun. The Novopokrovka mirrors are mostly in the style of the Liao and Jin Dynasties from the late eleventh to the early thirteenth century, and closely resemble the Jin-style mirrors, mainly found in the three northeastern provinces of China—Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjian—, and Koryŏ sites in Korea, implying the production and distribution of the Jin-style mirrors as an international style in the large areas of Eurasia. There are fewer examples of Chinese bronze mirrors made after the early thirteenth century, when the Western Liao collapsed . After the Mongolian invasion, the cities in the oasis region met sudden decline by no later than the thirteenth century and did not recover for a considerable amount of time. Furthermore, the preference for various types of Islamicstyle mirrors, brought on by the expansion of Islamic influence may have also contributed to the decline of the Chinese-style mirrors.

A toxicogenomics study of two chemicals in coffee roasting process

Kyung‑Taek Rim,Soo‑Jin Kim 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.1

Background Roasted coffee beans are broadly consumed in nearly all classes of the population. 2,3-Butanedione is a food flavor that causes obstructive bronchiolitis in microwave popcorn manufacturing workers. It can be naturally produced when coffee is roasted. Objective To determine effects of 2,3-butanedione (diacetyl) and 2,3-pentanedione on workers’ health during the coffee roasting process, we performed a toxicogenomics study for differentially expressed genes in lung cells after exposure to the two chemicals. Results Gene selection was performed by clustering, gene ontology/pathway, and data mining using microarray data. Target microRNAs and genes were selected based on the expression of microRNAs and correlation analysis of genes and microRNAs. As a result of expression analysis of target gene miRNAs affected by the two chemicals, it was evaluated that Fosl1, Rb1, Aspn, Dusp1, Rnf19b, Jun, and Hbegf were over-regulated by targeting down-regulated miRNAs mutated by two chemicals. Using OMIM database and KEGG pathway, we found that Terc and Bmpr2 were two changed genes by matching with the KEGG disease pathway database. Conclusion Dosage, duration, exposure, and extrapolations are necessary to reflect effects of diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione on workers in the coffee roasting process. This study focuses on early biochemical changes, mechanisms, and early biomarker discovery when normal lung cells are exposed to these two chemicals.

Differential Manifestation of Ocular Phenotypes in TALEN-mediated p19arf Knockout FVB/N and C57BL/6J mouse lines

Jin‑Sung Park,Joo‑Il Kim,Hyun‑Jin Lim,Soo‑Kyung Ryu,Euna Kwon,Kang‑Min Han,Ki‑Taek Nam,Han‑Woong Lee,Byeong‑Cheol Kang 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.9

Background p19arf, primarily known as a tumor suppressor, has also been reported to play an essential role in normal development of mouse eyes. Consistently, lack of p19arf has been associated with ocular defects, but the mixed background of the knockout (KO) mouse strain used raised a concern on the accuracy of the phenotypes observed in association with the targeted gene due to genetic heterogeneity. Object We carried out a study to investigate into the efect of genetic background on the manifestation of p19arf KO associated phenotypes. Methods We characterized the phenotypes of novel p19arf KO mouse lines generated in FVB/N and C57BL/6J using a transcription activator-like efector nuclease (TALEN) system in comparison to the reported phenotypes of three other p19arf-defcient mouse lines generated using homologous recombination. Results Ninety-fve percent of FVB/N-p19arf KO mice showed ocular opacity from week 4 after birth which worsened rapidly until week 6, while such abnormality was absent in C57BL/6J-p19arf KO mice up to the age of 26 weeks. Histopathological analysis revealed retrolental masses and dysplasia in the retinal layer in FVB/N-p19arf KO mice from week 4. Besides these, both strains developed normally from birth to week 26 without increased tumorigenesis except for a subcutaneous tumor found in a C57BL/6J-p19arf KO mouse. Conclusion Our fndings demonstrated surprisingly variable manifestation of p19arf-linked phenotypes between FVB/N and C57BL/6J mice, and furthermore between our mouse lines and the established lines, indicating a critical impact of genetic background on functional study of genes using gene targeting strategies in mice.

Association of 20 potential ATP2B1‐interacting genes with blood pressure in Koreans

Kyung‐Won Hong,Hyun‐Seok Jin,Ji‐Eun Lim,Bermseok Oh 한국유전학회 2011 Genes & Genomics Vol.33 No.3

Plasma membrane calcium‐transporting ATPase 1 (ATP2B1)is associated significantly with blood pressure in Caucasians and Asians. ATP2B1 regulates calcium homeostasis and belongs to the P‐type calcium pump family; several studies have identified diverse proteins that bind to ATP2B1. We hypothesized that ATP2B1 regulates blood pressure through ATP2B1‐interacting genes. To this end, 20 potential ATP2B1‐interacting genes were selected, 197 SNPs of which were analyzed for their association of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. These 20 genes were categorized into 2 groups: ATP2B1‐binding genes and ATP2B1‐cleaving calpain family members. Three ATP2B1‐binding genes (CALM1, NOS1, and PDLIM1)were associated with blood pressure, and a SNP in CALM1(rs2401887) generated the strongest association signal (beta=‐3.60±0.92, p=8.9×10^(‐5) for systolic blood pressure and beta=‐1.40±0.62, p=0.02 for diastolic blood pressure). Of the calpain family members, 3 genes (CAPN6, CAPN9, and CAPN10)were associated with blood pressure, and the CAPN10 SNP rs4676348 yielded the strongest association signal (beta=‐0.88±0.27, p=0.001 for systolic blood pressure and beta=‐0.58±0.18, p=0.015 for diastolic blood pressure). Further, the interaction of CALM1 to ATP2B1 was examined using the blood pressure of individuals who carried both variants of CALM1and ATP2B1 genes. Similarly the interaction of CAPN10 to ATP2B1 was also examined. The CALM1 variant (rs2401887)and CAPN10 variants (rs4676348) appear to decrease blood pressure further in addition to the decrease by the variant (rs17249754) of ATP2B1, which suggests that ATP2B1 might regulate blood pressure through the ATP2B1‐interacting genes CALM1 and CAPN10.

Conceptual Study for Tissue-Regenerative Biodegradable Magnesium Implant Integrated with Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanofi bers

Jin‑Kyung Jeon,Hyunseon Seo,Jimin Park,Soo Ji Son,Yeong Rim Kim,Eun Shil Kim,Jong Woong Park,Woong‑Gyo Jung,Hojeong Jeon,Yu‑Chan Kim,Hyun‑Kwang Seok,Jae Ho Shin,Myoung‑Ryul Ok 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.4

The excessive initial corrosion rate of Mg is a critical limitation in the clinical application of biodegradable Mg implantsbecause the device loses its fi xation strength before the fractured bone heals. This study suggests a new approach to overcomethis hurdle by accelerating tissue regeneration instead of delaying the implant biodegradation. As angiogenesis is anessential process in early bone regeneration, a Mg implant coated with electrospun nanofi bers containing nitric oxide (NO),which physiologically promotes angiogenesis, is designed. The integrated device enables adjustable amounts of NO to bestored on the NO donor-conjugated nanofi ber coating, stably delivered, and released to the fractured bone tissue near theimplanted sites. An in vitro corrosion test reveals no adverse eff ect of the released NO on the corrosion behavior of the Mgimplant. Simultaneously, the optimal concentration level of NO released from the implant signifi cantly enhances tube networkformation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells without any cytotoxicity problem. This indicates that angiogenesis canbe accelerated by combining NO-releasing nanofi bers with a Mg implant. With its proven feasibility, the proposed approachcould be a novel solution for the initial stability problem of biodegradable Mg implants, leading to successful bone fi xation.

구강외과 수술용 스텐트 기반 영상유도 수술 시스템의 개발

이우진,김대승,이원진,이삼선,최순철,허민석,허경회,김명진,이지호 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2009 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.39 No.3

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to develop a stent-based image guided surgery system and to apply it to oral and maxillofacial surgeries for anatomically complex sites. Materials and Methods : We devised a patient-specific stent for patient-to-image registration and navigation. Threedimensional positions of the reference probe and the tool probe were tracked by an optical camera system and the relative position of the handpiece drill tip to the reference probe was monitored continuously on the monitor of a PC. Using 8 landmarks for measuring accuracy, the spatial discrepancy between CT image coordinate and physical coordinate was calculated for testing the normality. Results : The accuracy over 8 anatomical landmarks showed an overall mean of 0.56±0.16 mm. The developed system was applied to a surgery for a vertical alveolar bone augmentation in right mandibular posterior area and possible interior alveolar nerve injury case of an impacted third molar. The developed system provided continuous monitoring of invisible anatomical structures during operation and 3D information for operation sites. The clinical challenge showed sufficient accuracy and availability of anatomically complex operation sites. Conclusion : The developed system showed sufficient accuracy and availability in oral and maxillofacial surgeries for anatomically complex sites. (Korean J Oral Maxillofac Radiol 2009; 39 : 149-56)

The expression patterns of RANKL and OPG in murine tooth eruption

Hwang, Kyung-Mun,Kim, Eun-Jung,Kim, Hyun-Jung,,Kim, Young-Jin,Nam, Soon-Hyeun 大韓小兒齒科學會 2006 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.33 No.2

치아의 맹출은 치아기 (dental organ)와 치조골의 세포와 연관된 매우 복잡한 과정이다. 우선 치아 맹출이 일어나기 전에 파골세포가 치낭으로 집결하게 된다. 이러한 치낭의 역할은 파골세포와 조골세포의 상호작용으로 이루어 지는 골개조와 밀접한 관련이 있는데, 이는 치아 맹출과 연관된 많은 유전자들이 치낭에서 발현되기 때문이다. RANKL는 TNF ligand family로써 조골세포에 존재하며 파골세포의 형성 및 전구세포로 부터의 활성화를 유도한다. 이러한 RANKL은 OPG에 의해 그 작용이 억제되며 RANKL와 OPG의 상대적인 비율이 파골세포의 형성에 영향을 미친다. 또한 Runx2유전자의 변이는 조골세포의 분화와 활성에 차질을 가져오고 결국 RANKL/OPG pathway를 통해 파골세포 형성에 영향을 줄 수 있다. 치아의 발육 및 맹출에 미치는 RANKL 및 OPG의 영향을 알아보고 Runx2와의 연관성을 알아보기 위해 in situ hybridization 방법으로 태생 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11일된 쥐의 하악 및 제1대구치를 사용하여 실험을 실시한 결과 RANKL, OPG, Runx2의 mRNA가 태생 1일부터 11일까지 치낭 및 치아주위조직에 특성있게 나타났다. 이중 태생 5일에서 9일 사이에 RANKL 및 Runx2는 치아의 교합면측과 하방 치조골 부위의 발현이 강하게 나타난 반면 OPG는 약한 발현을 보였다. 이는 또한 파골세포의 활성부위를 알아보기 위해 TRAP염색을 실시하여 태생 5일에서 9일 사이에 최대의 활성화를 나타낸 결과와 연광성 있게 나타났다. RANKL, OPG, Runx2의 특성있는 발현양상들을 종합해 볼 때, 치아 맹출은 치낭, 치아기, 치조골 사이의 상호 작용을 통해 이루어 지며, 이는 치낭이 치아 맹출에 있어서 매우 중요하다는 것을 의미한다. 또한, 이러한 유전자들 (RANKL, OPG, Runx2) 이 치아의 맹출에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 사료된다. Tooth eruption is a complex and tightly regulated process that involves cells of the tooth organ and the surrounding alveolus. Osteoclast precursors must be recruited into the dental follicle prior to the onset of eruption. This function of dental follicle may be regarded as the ability of bone remodeling characterized by the interaction of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. This is because tooth eruption is a localized event in which many of the genes required for eruption are expressed in the dental follicle. RANKL is a membrane-bound protein that is a member of the TNF ligand family, which is present on bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts, and induces osteoclast formation and activation from precursor cell. The biologic effect of RANKL is inhibited by OPG and, in bone, the relative ratio of RANKL and OPG modulates osteoclastogenesis. To evaluate the roles of RANKL and OPG in tooth eruption and the relations with the expression pattern of Runx2, in situ hybridization was performed with mandibles of mice at postnatal stage 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11. mRNA of RANKL, OPG, and Runx2 are expressed in dental follicle and surrounding tissue from P1 to 11. To determine the sites of osteoclastic activity duing tooth eruption, mandibles were dissected. Peak osteoclastic activity in alveolar bone along the occlusal and basal regions was observed from P5 to 9, with osteoclasts in these regions being large and strongly TRAP-positive. The specific spatic-temporal expression patterns of RANKL, OPG and Runx2 in our study suggest that tooth eruption could be progressed through the interactions of molecular signaling among dental follicle, dental organ and alveolar bone, furthermore it means that dental follicle is quite important in tooth eruption. In addition, it indicates that these genes (RANKL, OPG, and Runx2) play critical roles in tooth eruption.

비만 성인에서 복부 내장지방과 단순 비만 지표와의 연관성 연구

유진숙 ( Jin Sook Yoo ),송윤경 ( Yun Kyung Song ),임형호 ( Hyung Ho Lim ) 한방재활의학과학회 2010 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.20 No.2

Objectives: This study examined search on how the obesity indices, that are largely used in clinics such as waist circumference(WC), body mass index(BMI) and waist-hip ratio(WHR), are related to the visceral fat that was measured from abdominal computed tomography(CT) and the ratio of visceral fat/subcutaneous fat. Then, two groups were compared in order to find out which characteristics of ordinary adults relationship with the abdominal obesity. Two groups are divided as follows; ones who are obese based on the measurement of WC and the others who are obese based on the level of BMI. Methods :A group of 63 test subjects that were gathered in the oriental medical hospital of Kyung-Won university is divided into two groups; ones (n=51, general obesity; group A) who have BMI≥25 and WC≥85, and the others (n=12, abdominal obesity; group B) who have BMI<25 and WC≥85. Then, each group’s obesity indices, abdominal CT, lipid level, glucose, adiponectin, leptin and C-reactive protein(CRP) are compared. In addition, subjects are again divided into two to examine the characteristics; ones (n=14, visceral obesity; group C) with visceral obesity based on the ratio between visceral fat and subcutaneous fat measured through abdominal CT, and the others (n=38, non-visceral obesity; group D) who are obese but not viscerally obese. Results & Conclusions :As a measurement that applies abdominal visceral fat and subcutaneous fat, BMI and WC can be considered as an appropriate obesity index while WHR cannot appropriately apply the abdominal fat amount. Moreover, the study indicates that abdominal obesity group based on the ratio of visceral fat/subcutaneous fat has more significant difference than the abdominal obesity group based on the WC in case of blood lipid index.

A Study on the appropriate herbal medicine according to Sasang constitution using EAV

Choi,Jin-Wook,Lee,Su-kyung,Hong,Suck-chull,Koh,Byung-hee INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL MEDICINE KYUNG-HEE UNIVERSIT 1997 JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL MEDICINE Vol.2 No.1

1. Objective This is a basic study about the response of herbal medicine to EAV. The purpose was to investigate how the meridian of EAV responded to herbal medicine and how EAV was applied to the diagnosis of Sasang constitution. 2. Materials & Methods The subjects of this study were patients who were being treated in the Dept. of Constitutional Medicine ot Kyung-Hee Medical Center. The study examined how herbal medicine affected the maximum value and the indicator drop and how each constitution responded differently to the constitutional herb medicine. 3. Results & Conclusions 1) When comparing the maximum value and ID of the worst BAP before and after the experiment with herbal medicine, the maximum value significantly went up and the ID significantly went down in all the herbal medicines. So we confirmed that all the herbal medicines positively affected the change of the maximum value and ID. 2) The changes in the maximum value induced by herbal medicines were significantly different according to the constitution of Dokhual Jihwang Tang, and Hyangbuja Palmul Tang. Although Dokhual Jihwang Tang was soyangin's herb medicine in Sasang constitutional medicine, it raised the value of soeumin higher than that of soyangin. Hyangbuja Palmul Tang which was soeumin's herb medicine raised the value of soeumin higher than that of the other constitution. 3) The changes of ID were not significantly different in the constitution.

주택연금 수익비 분석에 관한 연구

최경진(Choi, Kyung-Jin),이동화(Lee, Dong-Hwa) 한국경영교육학회 2020 경영교육연구 Vol.35 No.4

[연구목적] 주택연금은 생존 시 자신의 소유주택에 거주하면서 월지급금을 받을 수 있을 뿐 만 아니라 사망 시 주택처분가액이 대출잔액에 비해 높을 경우 그 차액에 대해 상속이 가능하다. 그러나 이러한 장점에도 불구하고 월지급금에 대한 불만족으로 주택연금의 가입률은 저조한 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 주택연금의 장점을 반영한 연령 및 주택가격별 가입자의 수익비를 산출하여 주택연금의 종합적 가치를 분석하고 관련 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. [연구방법] 본 연구는 주택연금의 장점을 계량화하여 가입 시 주택가격 대비 월지급금, 거주안정, 유산의 현재가치를 모두 합한 총 주택연금가치의 비율을 수익비로 정의하여 2019년 기준 가입연령별 주택연금의 수익비를 산정하였다. [연구결과] 주택연금의 수익비를 산정한 결과, 모든 연령대에서 수익비가 1을 초과하는 것으로 나타나 주택연금의 사회보장적 성격이 내재되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 저 연령 가입자 일수록 수익비는 높게 나타나 저연령 가입자가 상대적으로 유리한 구조로 주택연금제도가 설계된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. [연구의 시사점] 따라서 유형의 월지급금 뿐 만 아니라 주택연금에 내재된 거주안정 및 유산의 가치 등 주택연금의 종합적인 가치를 면밀히 고려하여 합리적인 가입의사결정을 할 필요가 있다. [Purpose] Korean are reluctant to join the reverse mortgage as they are unsatisfied for the level of monthly payment even though the reverse mortgage provides various benefits. In this paper, we conduct money’s worth analysis in order to deal with reasons why they do not prefer to join reverse mortgage in Korea. [Methodology] We define the total value of reverse mortgage which includes the ratio of property value and monthly payment, the residential stability and the present value of inheritance. And then we calculate the money’s worth ratio of reverse mortgage by borrower’s age as of 2019. [Findings] Our results show that the money’s worth ratio for all ages was calculated more than 1, confirming that the characteristics of social security is inherent in the reverse mortgage. Additionally, the younger member joins the reverse mortgage, the higher money’s worth ratio are provided in our results. That is, the reverse mortgage is designed with a relatively favorable structure for younger borrowers. [Implications] Thus, peoples need to decide rationally by considering aggregate value of reverse mortgage which consists of not only monthly payment but also the residential stability and inheritance value.