Accuracy of cardiac output measurements during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: according to the vessel anastomosis sites

Sung Yong Park,Dae Hee Kim,Han Bum Joe,Ji Young Yoo,Jin Soo Kim,Min Kang,Yong Woo Hong 대한마취통증의학회 2012 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.62 No.5

Background: During beating heart surgery, the accuracy of cardiac output (CO) measurement techniques may be influenced by several factors. This study was conducted to analyze the clinical agreement among stat CO mode (SCO), continuous CO mode (CCO), arterial pressure waveform-based CO estimation (APCO), and transesophageal Doppler ultrasound technique (UCCO) according to the vessel anastomosis sites. Methods: This study was prospectively performed in 25 patients who would be undergoing elective OPCAB. Hemodynamic variables were recorded at the following time points: during left anterior descending (LAD) anastomosis at 1 min and 5 min; during obtuse marginal (OM) anastomosis at 1 min and 5 min: and during right coronary artery (RCA) anastomosis at 1 min and 5 min. The variables measured including the SCO, CCO, APCO, and UCCO. Results: CO measurement techniques showed different correlations according to vessel anastomosis site. However, the percent error observed was higher than the value of 30% postulated by the criteria of Critchley and Critchley during all study periods for all CO measurement techniques. Conclusions: In the beating heart procedure, SCO, CCO and APCO showed different correlations according to the vessel anastomosis sites and did not agree with UCCO. CO values from the various measurement techniques should be interpreted with caution during OPCAB. Background: During beating heart surgery, the accuracy of cardiac output (CO) measurement techniques may be influenced by several factors. This study was conducted to analyze the clinical agreement among stat CO mode (SCO), continuous CO mode (CCO), arterial pressure waveform-based CO estimation (APCO), and transesophageal Doppler ultrasound technique (UCCO) according to the vessel anastomosis sites. Methods: This study was prospectively performed in 25 patients who would be undergoing elective OPCAB. Hemodynamic variables were recorded at the following time points: during left anterior descending (LAD) anastomosis at 1 min and 5 min; during obtuse marginal (OM) anastomosis at 1 min and 5 min: and during right coronary artery (RCA) anastomosis at 1 min and 5 min. The variables measured including the SCO, CCO, APCO, and UCCO. Results: CO measurement techniques showed different correlations according to vessel anastomosis site. However, the percent error observed was higher than the value of 30% postulated by the criteria of Critchley and Critchley during all study periods for all CO measurement techniques. Conclusions: In the beating heart procedure, SCO, CCO and APCO showed different correlations according to the vessel anastomosis sites and did not agree with UCCO. CO values from the various measurement techniques should be interpreted with caution during OPCAB.

2000~2015년 한복 구성요소 변화연구 - 인터넷신문에 나타난 여자한복 이미지 중심으로 -

이춘희 ( Lee Choon-hee ),한정민 ( Han Jung-min ),강혜승 ( Kang Hae-seung ) 커뮤니케이션디자인학회(구 시각디자인학회) 2017 커뮤니케이션 디자인학연구 Vol.60 No.-

2000년 이후 정부의 한복진흥정책과 맞물려 여자한복은 발전 및 변화하였다. 본 연구는 한복산업 활성화, 세계화 도약을 위해 2000년부터 2015년까지 여자 저고리와 치마 중심으로 구성요소 변화를 연구하고자 16년간 인터넷 신문에 나타난 한복 이미지를 파악하여 분석대상 이미지 660점을 추출하였다. 전통한복 중 저고리를 구성하는 길, 깃, 동정, 소매 등과 치마를 구성하는 말기, 폭, 끈 등의 구성요소가 제거되거나 축소 또는 확대되어 변화된 한복을 모던한복으로 분류하였다. 본 연구는 모던한복 구성요소를 분석하여 한복 유형을 구분하고, 구성요소의 변화와 유형 경향을 밝히는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 위의 목적을 수행하기 위해 전문가 집단을 구성하여 질적 조사를 하였으며, 유형을 보수적 모던형과 진보적 모던형 두 가지로 구분하였고, 시기를 3기로 나누어 연구를 진행하였다. 이미지 분석결과 구성요소 크기변화와 제거는 다른 요소에 영향을 미치고 있으며, 요소를 대체하는 경우와 전통한복을 재해석한 사례가 나타났다. 저고리의 세부적 변화는 길이와 깃, 소매길이와 치마는 주름이 보수적 구성요소의 활용이 강화되었고, 저고리의 패턴 및 암홀과 치마의 길이 및 폭은 진보적 구성요소 활용이 강화되었다. 유형 경향 분석결과 저고리와 치마의 유형은 진보형와 보수형이 서로 교차되어 변화 되었고, 상호 연관성이 있게 조화를 이루며 변화되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 모던한복 저고리와 치마 구성요소 세부항목별 빈도를 분석하고, 구성요소 변화 특징을 밝혔다. 저고리와 치마의 유형 경향을 시기별로 분석하여 상호연관성을 조명하였다. 2000년 이후 연구 자료가 부족한 시기를 선택하여 시기별 유형 경향을 분석하여 저고리와 치마 유형의 상호 연관성을 조명 한 것에 의의를 둔다. Along with Korean government`s Han-bok Promotion Policy, women`s han-bok developed and changed after year 2000. For han-bok industry`s vitalization and leap to global industry, this study analyzed and extracted 660 images of han-bok to study the changes of components of women`s jeogori and skirt from 2000 to 2015 of Internet newspapers For han-bok industry`s vitalization and leap to global industry, this study analyzed and extracted 660 images of han-bok to study the changes of components of women`s jeogori and skirt from 2000 to 2015 of Internet newspapers. The han-bok which has changes in length of jeogori, collar of jeogori, dongjeong, sleeves that comprise jeogori and malgi that comprise skits was classified as modern han-bok. The purpose of this study is to categorize the types of han-bok and discover the changes and trend of components. In order to achieve the goal above, the qualitative survey was conducted by a group of experts. The survey was classified into two types, conservative modern type and progressive modern type. The research was divided into three phases. The result of image analysis shows that the component size variation of han-bok influences on other components, and substitution and reinterpretation of traditional han-bok was shown. The changes of jeogori are length and collar, length of the sleeves and the crease of the skirts showed increase in conservative use of the component. And, pattern of jeogori, armhole, and the length of the skirt showed increase in progressive use of the components. As the result of the trend analysis, it was shown that the changes of conservative type and progressive type of jeogori and skirts intersect with each other. This study analyzed frequency of modern han-bok`s jeogori and skirt components and This study analyzed trends of jeogori and skirt and traced the correlation between trends of them. This study gives significance in showing correlation of jeogori and skirt after 2000, which is the period that lacks data.

Segregation Charging Behavior of Ultra‑Fine Iron Ore Briquette in Sinter Feed Bed: DEM Analysis

Kang‑Min Kim,Jong‑Ho Bae,Jong‑In Park,Jeong‑Whan Han 대한금속·재료학회 2020 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.26 No.8

The sinter–briquette complex firing process which is an effective technology for utilization of low grade ultra-fine ore is amethod for charging sinter feed mixed with briquette made of ultra-fine ore. To uniformly fire briquettes using the excessheat from the lower part of the sinter feed bed, they must be segregated in that region. In this study, the particle propertiesand interaction coefficients of real samples were measured and used for a numerical analysis. Furthermore, a discrete elementmethod simulation was used to investigate the characteristics of the sinter feed and briquette charging process, namelyburden distribution and porosity, by varying the shape and mixing ratio of the briquette. The results showed the while theshape of the briquette did not affect the burden distribution and porosity, the porosity at the lower part of the bed proportionallyincreased with the briquette mixing ratio. Furthermore, it was observed that to achieve optimized heat distribution ofthe bed, the proportion of briquette in the charging mixture should be more than 20%.

Preparation and Properties of Polyurethane Modified with Polyorganosiloxane Sealant

Kang, Doo Whan,Kim, Young Min,Lee, Sang Moon,Han, Mi Sun,Kang, Ho Jong 한국공업화학회 2001 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.7 No.4

α, ω-Trimethoxysilyl polyurethane modified with polyorganosiloxane (TUMPS) sealant was prepared by adding additives, such as plasticizer, crosslinking agent, and viscosity increasing agent, to α, ω-trimethoxysilyl polyurethane modified with polyorganosiloxane hybrid elastomer at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere. The TUMPS hybrid elastomer was crosslinked by the sol-gel reaction of methoxy group of TUMPS with hydroxyl group in the building stone and moisture of the air. It was found that TUMPS sealant exhibited more stable rheological and sealant properties than those of TUMPS hybrid elastomer. The shrinkage rate of TUMPS sealant was 5.82-6.0%, and skin over time was about 40 min. Alkaline resistance showed good characteristics for 15 days, slump was about 4.0-4.3㎜, and oil content, as the diameter soaked oil from wetted filter paper was 1-2㎜ after 7 days.

Antioxidant Activity and Whitening Effect of Lindera erythrocarpa Extract

Min ?Chul Kang,Ryeo Kyeoung Ko,Ju-Yeop Lee,Haeng-Bum Kim,Bong-Seok Kim,Jong-Heon Han,Seong-Hyun An,Gi-Ok Kim 한국생물공학회 2008 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.10

The effects of secondary task on the control of vehicle under driving simulator: a study among 50s taxi drivers

Han Soo Kim,Jin Seung Choi,Dong Won Kang,Hong Won Yeon,Mi Hyun Choi,Doo Hwan Ji,Byung Chan Min,Soon Cheol Chung,Gye Rae Tack 대한인간공학회 2011 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.5

Objective: The aim of this study is to quantitatively evaluate the effects of the secondary task during simulated driving using the variable indicating control of vehicle. Background: There are so many researches for simulated driving and performance. For instance, some researches show that the effects of cell phone conversations on simulated driving. Cell phone conversations impaired explicit recognition memory. Method: Participants included 50s taxi drivers; 15 males and 15 females. All subjects were instructed to keep a distance (30m) from the car ahead and a constant speed (80km/hr or 100km/hr). Sending text message (STM) and Searching navigation (SN) were selected as the secondary task. Experiment consisted of rest for 3min., driving alone for 1min. and driving with secondary task for 1 min.. We were analyzed anterior-posterior coefficient of variation (APCV) and medial-lateral coefficient of variation (MLCV). Results: APCV was increased by 175.4% in STM and 223.8% in SN at 80km/hr. MLCV was increased by 242.3% in STM and 323.4% in SN at 100km/hr. There was no significant difference between genders. Conclusion: Consequently, performing secondary task during driving impaired the control of vehicle.

온풍 조건에서 수분 탈락 정도에 따른 피부 분류 및 개선 방안에 대한 연구

권오선 ( Oh Sun Kwon ),강현종 ( Hyun Jong Kang ),한승민 ( Seung Min Han ),윤지선 ( Ji S Eon Yoon ),조웅희 ( Woong Hee Cho ),오주영 ( Joo Young Oh ),임준만 ( Jun Man Lim ),송영숙 ( Young Sook Song ),박선규 ( Sun Gyoo Park ) 대한화장품학회 2020 대한화장품학회지 Vol.46 No.2

피부를 탄력있고 부드럽게 하는 역할은 각질층에 존재하는 수분량에 의해 좌우된다. 피부 수분량은 냉온풍, 건조환경 등 다양한 환경 변화에 의해 영향을 받음이 알려져 있으나, 개인 피부 차이에 따른 피부수분량 변화와 회복 정도에 대해서는 많은 연구가 이루어 지지 않은 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 온풍 조건하에서 피시험자들의 피부 수분 탈락 및 회복 정도를 비교 평가하여 새로운 피부 타입을 제시하고, 온풍 조건에서 저하되는 피부 수분량을 개선 시켜주는 효능 물질을 개발하고자 하였다. 온풍 환경 조성을 위해, 건강한 피험자(남: 10 명, 여: 39 명, 25 세 - 63 세)의 전완부에 온풍(30 cm, 40 ℃, 6 m/s)을 30 min 간 피부에 노출시켜, 피부 수분량의 변화를 평가하였다. 26명(남: 4 명, 여: 22 명, 평균 연령: 42.7 ± 9.4)이 온풍 노출전에 비하여 온풍 노출 후 수분량이 유의하게 감소하며, 노출 후 30 min이 지나도 회복이 되지 않았다. 온풍노출 후 수분량이 떨어지는 피험자(여: 10 명)를 대상으로 보수력이 높은 크림을 3 주간 전완부에 적용한 이후 동일 온풍 조건하에서 피부 수분량을 측정한 결과, 노출 30 min 후 피부 수분량이 온풍 노출 전 수준으로 회복됨을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 피부는 건조 조건에서 쉽게 수분을 잃어버리는 피부(탈수형 피부)가 존재하는 것을 확인하였다. 이는 앞으로 화장품 개발을 보습 기능뿐만 아니라, 이러한 환경변화에 따른 피부수분이 쉽게 빠져나가는 피부(탈수형 피부)의 특성에 맞는 제품의 효능 개발이 필요함을 보여준다. Elasticity and softness of the skin depend on the level of moisture present in the stratum corneum, which is known to be affected by various environmental changes, such as cold and hot winds and dry environments. However, not many studies have been conducted on changes in skin moisture and the degree of recovery due to individual skin differences. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of warm air heating on skin hydration levels and develop moisturizing formulas to improve lowered skin hydration levels. In order to deliver warm air heating condition, heating dryer (40 ℃, 6 m/s, 30 cm apart from forearm) was applied into inner forearm of healthy subjects (male: 10, female: 39, age: 25 - 63) Among 49 subjects, 26 subjects showed significantly lowered skin hydration levels until 30 min after warm air heating exposure (lowered group). In addition, moisturizing cream with high water holding capacity was applied to forearm of 10 subjects in lowered group for 3 weeks and skin hydration levels after warm air heating were significantly improved at the levels of before application of warm air heating. From this study, we found out that there is a skin type that skin hydration levels are significantly decreased under warm air heating condition (dehydrated skin) and this dehydrated skin can be improved by moisturizing formulas with high water holding capacity.

사료원료 공급량 및 스크류 회전속도를 달리하여 제조한 배합사료가 넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus)의 성장 및 체조성에 미치는 영향

김경덕 ( Kyoung Duck Kim ),김강웅 ( Kang Woong Kim ),이봉주 ( Bong Joo Lee ),배기민 ( Ki Min Bae ),안철민 ( Cheul Min An ),한현섭 ( Hyun Sob Han ) 한국수산과학회 2014 한국수산과학회지 Vol.47 No.5

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of diet extruder conditions, such as feed-loading rate and screw speed, on growth performance and biochemical responses in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Over 8 wks, we used four identical diets (triplicated per treatment) with differing ratios of feed-loading rate (kg/h):screw speed (rpm/min) in a laboratory-scaled twin-screw extruder of 50:640, 80:640, 120:640, and 80:400, designated as EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4, respectively. Screw speed impacted the buoyancy of experimental diets. Diets produced at a screw speed of 640 rpm/min floated for > 24 hrs, whereas those produced at a speed of 400 rpm/min sank between 10 s and 5 min. Fish that were fed EP1 and EP4 diets grew significantly faster than those fed EP2 and EP3 diets. Fish fed EP1 diets ate and gained weight most efficiently among treatments, a result that is likely to be related to feed-loading rate, i.e., ingredients extruded at a low feed-loading rate may have more time to cook in the pre-conditioner of the extruder. A cooked diet may be easier to digest in fish. Fish fed EP4 diets also showed significant weight gain, as compared to those fed EP2 and EP3 diets. However, we found no differences among treatments in proximate compositions of dorsal muscle, liver, and viscera of fish. Our results suggest that extruder conditions, may influence feed quality, impacting feed efficiency and growth of fish.

로스팅 서리태를 이용한 음료 제조 및 품질 평가

정수옥,김혜연,한정순,김민주,강미숙,김애정,Jeong, Soo-ok,Kim, Hae-yean,Han, Jung-soon,Kim, Min-ju,Kang, Mi-sook,Kim, Ae-Jung 한국식품영양학회 2016 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.29 No.4

This study was performed to develop and evaluate beverage prepared with optimally roasted seoritae to maximize the isoflavone content and antioxidant activities of the beverage. Isoflavone content was maximized at the roasting temperature of $110^{\circ}C$ for 20 min. Both DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity along with total polyphenol content were highest when seoritae was roasted at $110^{\circ}C$ for 20 min. Western blotting was used to determine the level of nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1(NFATc1) involved in controlling osteoclast differentiation. The results showed that NFATc1 had a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect when the RoS110 (roasted seoritae at $110^{\circ}C$ for 20 min) samples were processed at varying concentrations (10, 50, and $100{\mu}g/mL$). Tea samples were prepared from optimally roasted seoritae by varying brewing times (5~90 min) at $65^{\circ}C$, and tea brewed for 60 min had the highest preference with $65^{\circ}C$ as the preferred temperature for drinking.

단신 : 실리콘의 염소화반응에 의한 사염화규소 제조

박균영 ( Kyun Young Park ),이미선 ( Mi Sun Lee ),김민철 ( Min Cheol Kim ),이찬희 ( Chan Hee Lee ),박회경 ( Hoey Kyung Park ),강태원 ( Tae Won Kang ),정해성 ( Hae Seong Jeong ),한경아 ( Kyoung Ah Han ),허원회 ( Weon Hoe Huh ),유지 한국화학공학회 2013 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.51 No.3

직경 25 mm의 파이렉스 튜브 내에서 실리콘의 유동층 염소화 반응이 수행되었다. 반응기에 공급되는 질소 유량0.8~1.0 L/min, 염소 유량 0.2 L/min, 반응온도 450℃, SiCl4 응축기의 냉매온도는 -5℃로 설정하였다. 반응기에 도입되는 가스 내 염소의 몰분율이 증가하면 SiCl4의 수율이 증가하였다. 반응가스 중 염소의 몰분율 0.2의 조건에서 SiCl4의 수율은 28% 이었다. 염소의 몰분율 증가는 반응열 상승에 의해 반응온도 상승을 가져옴으로써 안전을 고려하여 염소의 몰분율을 0.2 이상으로 올리지 못했다. 실리콘의 유동층 염소화 반응에 의한 사염화실리콘의 제조 가능성이 입증되 었으며, 향후 보다 가혹한 조건에서의 실용화 연구를 위한 기초로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. The chlorination of a metallurgical-grade silicon was carried out in a fluidized bed reactor, 25 mm in diameter. The flow rate of the chlorine admitted into the reactor was 0.2 L/min and that of the carrier nitrogen was 0.8~1.0 L/ min. The reactor temperature was maintained at 450℃ and the temperature of the coolant at the SiCl4 condenser was at -5℃. The SiCl4 yield increased with increasing the mole fraction of chlorine in the feed gas, exhibiting 28% at the mole fraction of 0.2. Further increase of the chlorine mole fraction was not attempted in a worry that the reactor might be failed due to the high exothermicity of the reaction. The production of SiCl4 from silicon by fluidized bed chlorination was demonstrated on a laboratory scale, which is a stepping stone for future studies under more severe conditions toward industrial application.