유아의 성별, 연령에 따른 체력 특성

전영남,양점홍,김수진,이성민 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 2005 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.21 No.2

The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of young children's fitness development in accordance with gheir gender and age, providing information necessary for an effective physical education instruction for young children's growth and development. For the purpose, this researcher selected total 257 young children from K Kindergarten located at K-gu in B Metropolitan City who consisted of 73 boys and 45 girls, both of were fully aged 4, and 83 boys and 56 girls, fully aged 5.......

암처리 엽수와 기간이 들깨의 생육 및 개화에 미치는 영향

최영훈,최영환,이영근,김용균,손병구,강점순,김근기 밀양대학교 농업기술개발연구소 2000 農業技術開發硏究所報 Vol.4 No.1

The lower leaves shading in upper leaves is unknown to be reduced significantly due to the early differentiation of flower-bud by dark treatment of leaves when growing perilla for harvesting the leaves in the greenhouse during the winter. This study analyzed the effect of dark treatment of leaves on the growth and regulation of flowering, which are closely related with differentiation of flower and amount of leaves. One leaf and 3 leaves per plant were dark treated for 0, 5, 10 days. Plant hight was reduced in 3 leaves treatment, but there was no difference in 1 leaf treatment. Stem diameter was reduced in both 1 leaf and 3 leaves treatments, which was more significant in 3 leaves treatment. Leaf area was reduced when 1 leaf was treated for 10 days, but there was no difference when 1 leaf was treated for 5 days. When 3 leaves were treated, leaf area was no difference between treatments. However, leaf area which 3 leaves were treated was reduced more significantly than that 1 leaf was treated. Seed weight was remarkably decreased when 1 leaf was treated for 10 days, and it was decreased when 3 leaves were treated for more than 5 days.

靑少年의 社會 및 國家意識에 關한 調査와 그 强化策

李宇榮,金相漢,韓點洙,洪亮杓 慶北大學校 平和問題硏究所 1977 평화연구 Vol.2 No.-

1. Problems Our people and nation are in serious ordeal and also aur concentration of attention and effort to overcome the ordeal are, we can say, very praisable. The violent changes in the aspects of politics, culture, society and economy are at last exposed of the danger of loss of our values. In such changing social phenomena, we with no exception are all experiencing the morbidness caused by them. It is exactly the Yu-Shin (Revitalizing Reform in 1971) and Saemaul(New Community Movement) that supplied and showed the direction of nation-state as r revolution in climate of unestablishment of new values with loss of old ones. It can be true tht we have reaped great fruits in political, economic, social and cultural fields in such hard environments. Then it is very useful project not only in academic and policy-reponse fields, but also in education areas that we try to survey and analyze the Juvenile's response to the national mevements and the changes of concious-structures. 2. Purposes The purposes of the study are: ① to grasp the reality of the Juveniles' view of value by sex, region, age etc., ② to review their responses to government's achievements, policy and its direction, ③ and to diagnose their approach to desirable view of values and degree of achievement. We belive in that concious-reality whcih we can find in process the study will be very important materials to education-policy. 3. Study-methods ① We did survey and analysis of juvenile's veiw of values. ② We set the juveniles of whole nation as the mother group, however, excluding bipolar ones such as Seoulities and the juveniles living in islands and remote hamlet, finally selected the objects of three regions such as Kyeong sang, Chung Cheong and Cheol Ra regions and compared them by various dimensions. Except for detail-survey of Kyung Buk province, we set the objects of students of 3rd grade of sr. high school, professional school (Jr. College) and college in other regions, and surveyed subregionally by large city, medium size city and ruralfishing villages, and by sex. ③ Total number of the surveyed is 3,229 and by regionally, they are 1,725 in Kyung Sang, 616 in chung cheong and 888 in Cheol Ra. ④ The questionairs are handed directly by surveyers and colloected on the spot as soon as they are filled out. ⑤ The view of value by social strata and response degree to policy are tested by %² including the differences among regions, sexes, ages and ect., and to the question required quantitative evaluation, we gave +10, +5, 0, -5, -10 pionts as consent-dissent continuum and calculated the mean number and to other questions, the responses were shown by %. 4. the Juvenile's social and collective life ① Social and collective life of the Juvenile is relatively good in social-conciousness. The view or moral-order was shown 5.31 of f(R)/N. Generally juveniles are answered "waiting for one's turn" in the line at the station of public transit. Girls are shown to be a little better-observer in public order than boys, and teenagers better than the twenties. The view on law-abiding is shown 3.97 of f(R)/N and generally in case of minor offence, they expressed around "be shame". Criminal conciousness is getting stronger from large city to rural and fishing village. There are great differences between the two. Girls are stronger in the conciousness than boys and teenagers stronger than twenties. It is particularly a problem that twenties' f(R)/N is less than 1.72 and theyt are inclining to "may commit so". To the degree of success in the Reform of General Administrative Affairs by our government, f(R)/N is shown 4.94, responding generally "there are a bit fruitful". To the question, degree of recognition is getting stronger to rural-fishing village. Male is stronger than female and teenagers stronger than twenties. And in the hot-bed of corruption, enterprises and tax office are shown 29.63%, and politician 23.27%. General administrative office, judicial and police offices are high in distrust in rural-fishing villages, and tax office, enterprises and politician are getting higher in distrust to larger cities, however, educational institutions are high of trust in medium-size city. Judicial office, enterprises, tax-office, education instution and politician are in high ofdistrust by female, and general administrative office is in high of distrust by male. Teenagers are in side distrust in judicial, police, enterprise and education institutions, and twenties are in side of distrust in general administration and politician. And degree of trust in shamanism is low of 4,76, generally selecting"almost deny", rural-fishing village, female and twenties are higher trust on superstition than large city, male and teenager respectively. The view on national value is shown 2.42. In the village, female, and twenties, cohesion is shown stronger than in city, male and twenties respectively. ② In measurement of juvenile's conciousness on inter-relationship, they are strong in degree of participation of family and community affairs, but in conciousness on collective life, unsatisfactory. They degree of satisfaction in family life is 4.68, generally "in side of satisfaction". It is getting more satisfaction from the villages to large cities. Juveniles in the villages seem to be much unsatisfied with their family, and females than males and twenties than teenagers are higher in satisfaction. Participation degree in community affairs is shown 8.00, generally close to "active participation". Villager than city-dweller and teenagers than twenties are higher in conciousness of participation. The degree of non-alienation from collective life is 2.71 showing the response of "relativelly no particular alienation" and "so on so" generally. Villager than citizen, male than female and twenties than teenagers are higher in alienation. The degree of acception of individual idea in collective life is shown 1.81, close to "so on so". Male's unsatisfaction is higher a little. Their preferable occupations are in priority of production enterprises(28.73%), public service(26.32%) and agriculture-forestry(19.23%). The popular occupations are agriculture-forestry and public service in rural-fishing villages, production-enterprises in medium -size cities and commerce-industry in large cities. Males are favorable to take agriculture-forestry, production and free enterprise and females are to bublic servidce. For teenager, agriculture-forestry and public service are high in priority and for twenties other areas of occupation are high. ③ In conciousness on traditional culture and identity, they are supporting the thought of "loyalty and filial piety", showing 5.36 and generally selected "It is great view on social order though required a lot of revision". females and teenagers are more active on the though required a lot of revision". Females and teenagers are more active on the thought than males and twenties respectively. The capability of foreign affairs in aspects of independent diplomacy was measured to 2.25 barely approaching to "be seen independent efforts". Trust was seen in females, teenagers and the villagers. In cultural conciousness, national superiority was shown very apparently as 28.67%. ④ In aspects of democratic and national conciousness, they showed the degree of satisfaction at democratic society. It was measured through the fruits of Yu-Shin Reform and resulted in 2.17, responding better in females, teenagers and the rural than in males, tweenties and the urban. On 6 years of current term of congressmen, 45.46% responded on "too long", 38.24% on "ordinary" while in rural-fishing villages, they showed high support of 48.90% selecting"appropriate". Many urbans are on "too long" (49.51% in large cities and 49.62% in medium). 44.04% out of females showed the response of "appropriate" while 47.22% of males did that of "too long". 44.43% of teenagers responded "appropriate" while 53.13% of twenties did "too long". National conciousness measured through "degree of confident explanation on national flag" was shown 2.87, responding "can explain to a certain extent" and "can explain" as medium quantity. The villagers, males and teenagers are shown high confidence of it. To the present big increase in national power, juveniles resopnded high motive of "people's self-conciousness" and "great leader" while female showed relatively hgh response on "New Community Movenment" and "Result of education" and so on. teenagers showed "great leader" and twenties did "Result of Education". The view of ideal nation measured through "approach to welfare state" showed 3.87, close to "be seen the effort for welfrare state". The villager, female and teenager showed high response to the positive side. as the way of education how to plant Korean Democracyh among the people they replied "Explaining Korean particular environments" is most useful as 41.40%. Juveniles in medium-size cities, males and twenties showed mainly the above answer. The patriotic attitudes measured through participation of nationa defense showed 8.47, responding close to "participate battle immediately". It can be said very active response that significant number of females selected the attitudes of "support in rear theater". The villagers, males and teenagers are strong in loyalty. If we consider females' particularity, we cannot say they are weaker in loyalty. However it is very considerable that there are responses of "may decide on the scene then", "immigrate abroad" and "negociate with enemy and live together though a few. We are sure that our goverment be required educate and enlighten them immediately. 5. Juvenile's view of Security and National Unification ① Through the measurement of conciousness on communism the surveyer saw that critical ability and attitudes of it is the nearest short cut to anti-communism a key to victory over it. In this dimension, the surveyer analyzed sources of knowledge from masscom 971.47%) and exposed the weak points on lectures and those on government's activities of public information, while rising of masscom's importance. The comparison of South-North living standards showed that 51.34% responded "South Korea is much superior" and 35.08% "superior". Then total 87% of juveniles are on our superio9rity and the rest (13%) showed "equal" or "don't know". In large cities "superiority" was low in % of males and twenties. The confidence in pursuading North Korean on our democratic society's strong points was shown 73.55% of "be confident". However it is very insufficient in education on communism that out 87% of "Our superiority", some 13% are not confident in pursuasion. 13.47% are shown "will decide on the spot to meet" and 5.85% "need not pursuade". The villager, male and teenager have strong response to the above 7.6% of "national symbols". Legality of national foundation" for the urbans and males and twenties "legitimacy of the country" for villagers, and "national culture" for females and teenagers are shown as the grounds of the legitimacy. ② The conciousness of national security measured through the question on aug. 18 Incident(1976) at Pan Mun Jeom appeared following; the causes of the Incident are shown in order of "domestic unstability of North Korea" 928.92%) "shifting responding dissent, 48.77% are on " a little humiliating" and 21.12% are on "utter humiliating". Only 23% showed satisfaction at the counteraction. They showed youthful active counteraction of purnishment, however, it also may cause some anti-American or uncredibility over United States. By region, sex and age, the re3sponses were diffeent greatly. Juvenile's predictions on the possibility of Sino-Soviet Support in case of total war are following; some 80% calculate psychologically that both China and Russia will surely support North Korea militarily and materially, 45.09%, "material support by both". To the way of spritutal militarization, they responded in order of "introduction of North Kjorean affairs" (29.48%), "explanation of N. K's attitudes"(26.20%), "education on N.K's strategy to the South"(20.50%), "to criticize communist thory"(17.96%) and so on. Different responses among regions, sexs and ages are apparent. The Juvenile's pride to foreigner is shown 0.92% of f(R)/N, a little higher to "equality". Villagers are relatively high, medium-size urbans are lowest, and females and teenagers are high in pride to foreigners. ③ To the question on Unification time as one of the conciousnesses of Unification, they responded in order of "impossible forever" (40.16%), "in 30 years"(23.59%) and "in 10 years" (17.99%). It is very undesirable that possibility of Unification is renounced gradually among juveniles. Juveniles are in deadly need of education and enlightenment on increase of Unification conciousness. Differences among the given variable are very apparent. In large city, females and twenties, the re3nunciation is shown greatly. The reasons of Unification are shown in order of "single-nation" (36.38%), "political stability"(32.48%), "preferable to international competition"(20.53%) and so on. Urbans of large cities, males, twenties responded "preferable to Int'l competition", female did "political stability" and teenagers did "single-nation". To "the factors of obstacles to Unification" are shown "antagonistic ideologies" (64.16%), interest situations among Big Four" (18.14%), "North Korean reluctance"(9.60%)and so on. "Interest Situation among Big Four" is shown in large cities and twenties, "N.K's reuctance" in males and teenagers. and "antagonistic ideologies" in females. The ways of Unification are appeared in "economic development"(46.67%). "South-North Dialogue" (26.72%) and so on. "S.N Dialogue" in the villagers, females and teenagers, "Military March for Unification" in males, and "none available" in twenties are expressed relatively high. 6. Conclusion As mentioned above, social conciousness among juvenile is generally good, however, their alienation may be problematic a bit and capabbilty to foreign countries and national conciousness on democratic society are insufficient. However, defence conciousness is highly praisable. That the main sources on communism appeared to be masscom is required to reconsider. Juvenile's view of superiority in living to the North is very confident attitudes and their demandes of more information on North Korean reality and their attitdes toward S. N. Talk as a way of spiritual strengthening is needed to consider by goverment, and some policy-arrangements must be required. Renunication of Unification possibility as "impossible forever" is terrible and therfore, we need to educate and enlighten them for increase of the condiousness. "Military march for Unification"(11.30%) and "no way available"(3.37%) on Unification are surely problematic. In these re3spects, the education on Unification and anticommunism should be strengthended more. To the idea of "loyalty and filial piety", our juveniles are very positive, but indicated "requring a lot of revisions" Then the idea is required significant study and analysis in order to establish as a new value.

단일 처리기간에 의한 들깨의 생육 및 개화조절

최영환,최영훈,강점순,손병구,김용철,최인수,주우홍 밀양대학교 농업기술개발연구소 2000 農業技術開發硏究所報 Vol.4 No.1

It's not uncommon for the amount of leaves to be reduced significantly due to the early differentiation of flower-bud by short-day condition when growing perilla for harvesting the leaves in the greenhouse during the winter. This study analyzed the effect of day-length on the growth and regulation of flowering, which are closely related with differentiation of flower and amount of leaves. Development of new leaf was inhibited by short-day treatment for more than 5 days. As the period of short-day was longer, the effect on the development of new leaf inhibition was more evident. Number of leaves was reduced in both 40 days and 110 days short-day treatments as period of short-day length was longer. Short-day treatment for less than 3 days did not induce flowering, but short-day treatment for more than 5 days induced flowering. As the period of short-day treatment was shorter, percentage of flowering was lower and days to flowering was longer. That is, when treated for 20 days, flowering began in 20 days. Seed weight was reduced as the length of short-day treatment was longer.

효과적인 하중운반체계의 동역학적 연구

서국웅,양점홍,윤양진,황영성,이중숙,김용재,유경복 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1994 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.10 No.-

The purpose of this study was to get the quantitative data of effect of two different load carrying system on Kinematics and Kinetics. The subjects for the research were 2-adults. The mechanism of each load carrying pattern was measured by a motion analylizer, a forceplatform and EMG system. The conclusions were get from Kinematics variables and Kinetics variables. 1. It was not effected at the vertical reaction force(Fz) of left, right foot according to the big value the 1st peack of 10kg, 15kg fore, back-pack carrying system, 20 kgw, 30 kgw back-pack carrying system in walking. But it was effected at the vertical reaction force(Fz) on 30 kgw back-pack carrying system in walking. 2. It was not effected at the Anterior-Posterior reaction force(Fx) of left, right foot according to high value of the 1st peack on 10 kgw, 15 kgw fore, back-pack carrying in walking. But, it was effected on the 20 kgw, 30 kgw only back-pack carrying in walking. 3. It was effected at the left-right reaction force(Fy) of left-right foot according to the big value of the 2nd peak on 10 kgw, 15 kgw fore-backpack carrying system in walking. It was more effective than 20 kgw, 30 kgw back-pack carrying system in walking. There was not disorder force(Fx) on 10 kgw, 15 kgw fore-backpack carrying system in walking. 4. Analysis of computer graphic, on the pack carrying system in walking. It was efficient in 10 kgw, 15 kgw fore-backpack carrying system in walking. But, it was efficient on 20 kgw, 30 kgw backpack carrying in walking. Castrocnemius, Tibialis anterior, Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, are stressed to bend their body foreward. So it occurred fatigue fast, injured muscles and joints. 5. Extension anyles and flection angles of the knee joint and the hip joint on 10 kgw, 15 kgw fore-backpack carrying system in walking showed less than those on 20 kgw, 30 kgw backpack carrying system in walking. It was efficient on the 10 kgw, 15 kgw fore-backpack carrying system in walking. 6. Magnitudes of EMG of Castrocnemius, Tibialis anterior, Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, were increased according to increasing weight road and were decreased on the 20 kgw, 30 kgw back-pack carrying system in walking.

獨活寄生湯이 흰쥐의 血淸變化에 미치는 影響

李光揆,李相龍,김점영 대한동의병리학회 1998 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.12 No.2

臨床에서 慢性的인 退行性 筋骨格系 疾患에 頻用하는 獨活寄生湯의 實驗的 效能을 糾明하기 위해 本 論文에서는 筋骨格系의 機轉에 臟腑의 肝과 腎이 어느 정도 영향을 미친다는 韓醫學의 基礎理論에 根據하였다. 獨活寄生湯의 煎湯液을 흰쥐에서 服用시킨 후 臨床病理上 肝과 腎의 機能에 관련이 있다고 판단되는 血淸中 creatine BUN total protein albumine total cholesterol의 含量 變化를 測定 觀察하였다. 筋收縮에 주요한 에너지원이 되는 creatine은 筋肉의 崩壞와 萎縮을 일으키는 筋疾患에 있어서 上昇하며 평소 尿中에는 거의 나타나지 않은 cretine의 增加는 筋疾患診斷에 상당한 意義가 있다. 獨活寄生湯의 濃度를 1,5,10%로 하여 5,10,15일간 投與한 후 血淸中 cretine의 含量變化를 觀察하였더니 有意性있는 저하를 보였다. This experimental study was designed to investigate the effect of Dokwhalgisaengtang on the production of BUN, creatine, total protein, albumin, total cholesterol of the rat serum. The results are follows : Dokwhalgisaengtang extract decreased the serum BUN significantly in rat Dokwhalgisaengtang extract decreased the serum creatine significantly in rat . Dokwhalgisaengtang extract decreased the serum total protein significantly in rat. Based on the results, it is concluded that the clinical application of Dokwhalgisaengtang can help to treat muscle weakness.

The post-operative decline in serum AMH in patients with endometriosis

( Young Joo Kim ),( Youn Hee Kim ),( Jung Hyun Kim ),( Youn Jin Cho ),( Sun Hwa Cha ),( Kwang Moon Yang ),( In Ok Song ),( Mi Kyoung Koong ),( Inn Soo Kang ),( Hye Ok Kim ),( Jum Yung Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2012 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.98 No.-

To compare the pre- and post-operative serial changes of serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels for evaluating the impact of ovarian cystectomy in patients with endometriosis. A total of seventy five patients who were undergone ovarian cyst enucleation were prospectively included from April 2011 to May 2012 in a single center. The 59 patients had ovarian endometrioma (group A) and 16 patients (group B) had cystic teratoma or serous cystadenoma as control. We had taken AMH levels in a month before operation and in 1-2 months after operation. We analyzed pre- and post-operative serum AMH levels according to cyst pathology, bilaterality, severity of endometriosis, multiplicity, and use of GnRH agonist. Exclusion criteria was age ≥ 40yrs, irregular menstruation, previous ovarian surgery, and PCOS. This study was approved in our hospital IRB. The mean age and BMI was not significantly different in group A and B (30.5±4.3 vs. 28.5±5.7, yrs; 20.0±4.4 vs. 19.8±5.4, kg/m2). The mean cyst size was larger in group B (7.4± 3.1 vs. 4.9±1.8, cm, p=0.0001). The pre-operative mean AMH level didn`t show statistical significance (4.3±3.1 vs. 5.6±3.8, ng/ml) in group A and B. But, post-operative AMH levels was significantly lower in group A than in group B (2.8±1.8 vs. 4.9±4.0, ng/ml, p=0.004). In group A, pre- and postoperative AMH levels significantly was decreased (p=0.0001). The rate of decline between pre- and post-operative AMH (ng/ml) was 21.4% and 17.8% in group A and B. In group A, there was correlation in the rate of AMH decline with BMI(r=-0.332, p=0.01) and preoperative AMH levels (r=0.451, p=0.0001). But group A didn`t show any correlation with the age (r=-0.063), cyst size (r=-0.054), bilaterality (r=-0.072), cyst multiplicity (r=0.119), severity of endometriosis (r=0.04), and GnRH use(r=-0.076). The post-operative serum AMH levels in the patients with endometrioma could be worse than other cyst. It should be considered in the case of surgery.

Two-Year Clinical Outcome after Carvedilol-Loaded Stent Implantation in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Kim, Hyun Kuk,Hong, Young Joon,Jeong, Myung Ho,Kim, Weon,Kim, Sung Soo,Ko, Jum Suk,Lee, Min Goo,Sim, Doo Sun,Park, Keun Ho,Yoon, Nam Sik,Yoon, Hyun Ju,Kim, Kye Hun,Park, Hyung Wook,Kim, Ju Han,Ahn, Yo The Korean Association of Internal Medicine 2011 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.26 No.1

<P><B>Background/Aims</B></P><P>Carvedilol is an antioxidant that inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of carvedilol-loaded stents on 2-year clinical outcomes after stent implantation in patients with coronary artery disease.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>We performed a prospective trial with male subjects to compare the safety and effects of carvedilol-loaded BiodivYsio® stents implanted into 20 patients with those of bare-metal BiodivYsio® stents implanted into 21 patients for de novo coronary lesions. The primary end point was the degree of neointimal hyperplasia, which was measured by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) 6 months after the procedure; the secondary end point was major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at 2 years after implantation. All carvedilol and control stents were deployed successfully.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>A 2-year follow-up was completed for 19 patients (95%) in the carvedilol stent group and 20 patients (95%) in the control stent group. IVUS showed a trend toward a larger luminal area (6.86 ± 2.59 vs. 5.47 ± 1.52 mm<SUP>2</SUP>, <I>p</I> = 0.267), smaller neointimal area (1.34 ± 0.70 vs. 2.40 ± 1.73 mm<SUP>2</SUP>, <I>p</I> = 0.18), and reduced net decrease in luminal area (-0.78 ± 0.97 vs. -1.89 ± 1.78 mm<SUP>2</SUP>, <I>p</I> = 0.106) in the carvedilol stent group compared with the control stent group, respectively. There were no significant differences in the incidence of MACE (10.5 vs. 30.0%, respectively, <I>p</I> = 0.132) between the groups at 2 years after stent implantation. Stent thrombosis did not occur in either group after 2 years.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>The carvedilol-loaded stents tended to inhibit neointimal hyperplasia without the occurrence of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or stent thrombosis at 2-year follow-up.</P>

Multiple Resistance and Biochemical Mechanisms of Dicofol Resistance in Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Kim, Young-Joon,Lee, Si-Woo,Cho, Jum-Rae,Park, Hyung-Man,Ahn, Young-Joon Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2007 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.10 No.2

A field colony of Tetranychus urticae (Koch) resistant to dicofol was selected with dicofol successively for 20 generations to produce the DR-20 strain. Resistance and multiple resistance levels of the DR-20 strain to 15 acaricides were determined using a spray bioassay. The DR-20 strain was extremely resistant to dicofol [resistance ratio (RR), 465]. The strain showed extremely strong resistance to acrinathrin (RR, 373) and benzoximate (RR, 197) and strong resistance to bromopropylate (RR, 136), fenbutatin oxide (RR, 65), fenpropathrin (RR, 70), fenpyroximate (RR, 68), and pyridaben (RR, 63). A RR of 11-29 was observed with abamectin, fenazaquin, milbemectin, propagite, and tebufenpyrad. The DR-20 strain exhibited low levels of resistance (RR<3) to azocyclotin and chlorfenapyr. In comparative assays with detoxifying enzymes, the DR-20 strain showed 4.7-fold higher activity in p-nitroanisole-O-demethylation and 1.6-fold higher activities in both ${\alpha}-and\;{\beta}-naphthyl$ acetate hydrolysis. Synergist experiments with different metabolic inhibitors revealed that piperonyl butoxide, iprobenfos, triphenyl phosphate, and 4,4-dichloro-${\alpha}-methyl$ benzhydrol had little or no synergistic activity in the susceptible and DR-20 strains. These results suggest that employment of certain acaricides with little multiple resistance will be useful for the management of dicofol resistance in the field.

The improving effects of Saengmaeksan on ulcerative colitis

Kim, Min-Cheol,Kim, Su-Jin,Choi, In-Young,Ki, Ji-Ye,Kim, Dae-Seung,Jeon, Yong-Deok,Bae, Go-Eun,Choi, Sun-Kyung,Jeong, Hyun-Ja,Park, Yun-Jum,Kim, Hyung-Min,Um, Jae-Young,Hong, Seung-Heon Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2010 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.10 No.2

Saengmaeksan (SMS) is a well known Korean traditional herbal prescription, which consists of 3 different herbs, Radix Ophiopogonis, Radix Ginseng, and Fructus Schisandrae. SMS has been commonly used in various disease including respiratory system and cardiovascular System in Korea. The objective of this study is to find out the improving effects of SMS against Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis. SMS reduced clinical signs of DSS-induced colitis, including body weight loss, shorten colon length, and increased disease activity index. The results showed that SMS significantly inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ p65 in the colon tissues of DSS-treated mice. In addition, we observed that result showed that the levels of IL-6 in plasma were increased in DSS treated group compared to those of the normal group, but these increased levels were reduced by administration with SMS. Taken together, these findings suggest that SMS has improving effects on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis, which may explain its beneficial effect in the regulation of chronic intestinal inflammation.