Development and mating behavior of Osmia cornifrons (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in the constant temperature

Lee, K.Y.,Yoon, H.J.,Lee, K.S.,Jin, B.R. Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.19 No.2

<P>Osmia cornifrons is a cavity-nesting solitary species used as an apple pollinator in Korea. To elucidate the developmental characteristics of O. cornifrons, we investigated its development from the egg to adulthood, including a dormant prepupal phase and mating through indoor rearing (25 degrees C, 65% R.H.). The egg durations of the female and male bees were 3.6 +/- 0.8 days and 3.1 +/- 1.3 days, respectively. During larval development, the head widths of the 1st to 5th instars ranged from 0.7 +/- 0.1 mm to 1.3 +/- 0.1 mm. The peak of the growth in head width was the 2nd instar. The larval lengths ranged from 3.7 +/- 0.6 mm to 13.6 +/- 1.3 mm. The peak of growth was the 4th instar. The larval weights ranged from 4.5 +/- 1.2 mg to 78.3 +/- 16.1 mg. The peak of growth was the 3rd instars. The total larval durations of from the 1st to 5th instars for the females and males were 14.0 +/- 6.0 days and 13.2 +/- 5.8 days, respectively. The spinning durations of the females and males were 22 0.7 days and 2.3 +/- 0.8 days, the prepupation durations were 55.5 +/- 5.9 days and 55.8 +/- 2.9 days, and the pupation durations were 26.4 +/- 2.1 days and 25.3 +/- 2.3 days, respectively. The average longevity of the female adults and male adults was 21.8 +/- 8.7 days and 24.4 +/- 12.4 days, respectively. The total duration of from the egg to an adult bee of the O. cornifrons females and males was 1235 days and 124.1 days, respectively. Mating consisted of the three following phases: the precopulatory (courtship and attempting copulation), copulation and postcopulatory phases. The mating times of the precopulatory, copulation and postcopulatory phases were 159.6 +/- 288.9, 8.4 +/- 7.1, 12.9 +/- 4.5, and 198.8 +/- 69.8 s. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Taiwan Entomological Society and Malaysian Plant Protection Society.</P>

New records of phoretic mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) associated with dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Korea and their ecological implication

Keum, E.,Takaku, G.,Lee, K.,Jung, C. Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.19 No.2

<P>Phoresy is one of the dispersal mechanisms of wingless microarthropods such as mites attached on the winged host. Mites associated with two scarabaeid beetles, Copris ochus and C. tripartitus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) were collected from the ex-situ conservation site in Heongseong, Gangwon province in Korea. Among them, four species Copriphis hastatellus Berlese, 1910 (Eviphididae); Holostaspella scatophila Takaku, 1994 (Macrochelidae); Macrocheles japonicus Evans and Hyatt, 1963 (Macrochelidae); and Onchodellus siculus Berlese, 1892 (Pachylaelapidae) were recorded for the first time in Korea. Also, Parasitus consanguineus Oudemans and Voigts (Parasitidae) was previously recorded from the specimen in northern part of Korea in 1904, but since then no record has been made for a century. This is the second observation of this species over 100 years in the Korean peninsula. Description of this species is presented for comparison with the original description. Further discussion explored the relationship between the mites and dung beetles, and possible implication for the conservation of the endangered species. (C) 2016 Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Taiwan Entomological Society and Malaysian Plant Protection Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Annotated catalog, biological notes and diagnoses of the flower bugs (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae sensu lato) in the Korean Peninsula

Jung, Sunghoon,Yamada, Kazutaka,Lee, Seunghwan Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2013 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.1

The flower bugs or minute pirate bugs, Anthocoridae sensu lato, are represented by 12 genera and 24 species in the Korean Peninsula. The present catalog includes three newly recorded species to the fauna: Anthocoris confusus Reuter, Bilia japonica Carayon et Miyamoto, and Montandoniola pictipennis (Esaki). Distributional data and bibliographical references of each taxon are included. Biological notes (habitats, prey types, etc.) and diagnoses based on the local materials of the Korean Peninsula are also presented for the field of applied entomology.

The transition of noteworthy rice diseases and their control in Korea

Park J. S. Korean Society of Applied Entomology 1965 한국식물보호학회지 Vol.4 No.-

In Korea the most important plant industry is the rice-growing but she has not yet attained self-sufficiency with regard to rice which is the basic food of Korean. In the past, various measures of increasing rice production have been tried with some success but the increasing rate of did not show the sufficient result. Judging from experiences, disease control may be the most important factor which has influence on increasing of rice production in Korea. During the past 60 years three periods divided by the transition of rice diseases were noted, and especially the recent transition attracted much attention . That is, sheath blight and stripe which were minor diseases in the past have promptly spread all over the country and caused heavy losses to rice plant, and also local outbreak of bacterial leaf blight and dwarf were noticed. Various environmental factors are related to such transition of rice disease. Above all, cultivated varieties susceptible to these diseases, increase of application of nitrogenous fertilizer, earlier transplanting and density of transplanting are considered to be lucre closely related to the development of these diseases and successive development of blast. On the other hand. application of forage fungicides such as organic mercury compounds specific to blast contributed to reduce prevalent area if blast in spite of wide spread of susceptible varieties and increase of application of nitrogenous fertilizer. These facts were confirmed by Korean investigators At the present which various diseases to control coexist in the same region, no one variety resistant to all of these diseases is provided and cultural practices for the control of these diseases often do not produce sufficient yield of rice. it is emphasized that a role of pesticides is very great.

Review of Korean Dacetini (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae)

Lyu, Dong-Pyeo,Choi, Byeong-Moon,Cho, Soo-Won Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2001 INSECTA KOREANA Vol.18 No.3

Most current systematic changes in the tribe Dacetini are applied to the Korean dacetine ants. The tribe Dacetini of Korea include Strumigenys lewisi, Pyramica incerta, p. japonica, P mutica, and P. hexamerus. Taxonomic positions are revised, new informations are added, and a full reference list is provided.

Taxonomic Review of the family Platygastridae (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea) from the Korean Peninsula

Buhl Peter Neerup,Choi June-Yeol Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2006 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.9 No.2

A total of 41 species were investigated, including only one species in the check list of Korean insects, which contains five platygastrids. Eleven species of the family Platygastridae are described as new to science from Korea, viz. Allostemma bicolor Buhl & Choi, Amblyaspis koreana Choi & Buhl, Leptaeis koreana Buhl & Choi, L. ocellaris Choi & Buhl, Platygaster ciliata Buhl & Choi, P. flavifemorata Buhl & Choi, P. kui Choi & Buhl, P. tripotini Buhl & Choi, Synopeas eollinus Choi & Buhl, S. kimi Choi & Buhl, and S. pumilus Buhl & Choi. Further nineteen species are recorded from The Korean Peninsula for the first time, and some new records are added for eleven species, already known from the Peninsula. Keys are given to the genera and species of Platygastridae hitherto recorded from The Korean Peninsula. As a result, platygastrid fauna of The Korean Peninsula is composed of 68 species up to now.

Revision of the Fauna of Korean Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae)

Namkung, Joon,Kim, Seung-Tae,Lee, Joon-Ho Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2000 INSECTA KOREANA Vol.17 No.4

A list of Korean spiders was revised, including 46 families 225 genera 622 species which were reported by December 1999. Of these 61 added species and 37 alterated scientific names were supplemented, and 3 species, which have been reported since June 1994, were newly synonymized. The spider fauna of Korea is composed of 12 Cosmopolitan, 34 Holarctic, 66 Palearctic and 136 Korean endemic species. The spider fauna of Korea has much more similarity with Japanese spider fauna than with those of other countries.

New Record of the Family Lasiochilidae Carayon, 1972 (Hemiptera: Cimicoidea) from the Korean Peninsula, with Re-Description of Lasiochilus (Dilasia) japonicus from Jeju Island

Jung, Sung-Hoon,Lee, Seung-Hwan Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2007 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.10 No.1

Herein, Lasiochilus (Dilasia) japonicus Hiura 1967 is recognized for the first time on the Korean Peninsula. This insect is a member of the Family Lasiochilidae, which is new to the Korean Peninsula. Both female and male adults are re-described on the basis of specimens obtained from Jeju Island, Korea.

Spatial Conditioning in the Flesh Fly, Sarcophaga crassipaipis: Disruption of Learning by Cold Shock and Protection by Rapid Cold Hardening

Kim, Young-Soo,Denlinger, D.L.,Smith, B. Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2005 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.8 No.4

We have developed a new paradigm for examining classical conditioning in the flesh fly, Sarcophaga crassipalpis, and specifically apply it as a sensitive measurement for sublethal effects of cold shock. When water was applied as a conditioned stimulus to the right tarsus and reinforced with a brief opportunity to feed on a sucrose-water solution, flies quickly loam to discriminate stimulation of the right from the left tarsus. Further analyses revealed that the discrimination has a strong spatial component. Flies also retain this spatial discrimination over four days as indicated by the fact that the number of correct responses increases with continued training over that time. Cold shock ($-10^{\circ}C$ for 3 min) applied 30 and 60 min after first training interfered with learning. But, cold shock applied 120 min before or 90 min after conditioning did not significantly affect learning. The spatial memory we have identified therefore has a sensitive period during which it can be disrupted with cold shock. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the disruptive effect of cold shock on learning formation can be prevented by rapid cold hardening, a brief pre-exposure to a less severe low temperature.

Disturbance Of Adult Eclosion by Fenoxycarb, a Juvenile Hormone Mimic, in the Beet Armyworm, Spodoptera exigua

Kim, Yonggyun,Kim, Dongki,Lee, Jungeon Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2000 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.3 No.2

Effect of exogeneus juvenile hormones (JHs) on pupal development was assayed in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. Fenoxycarb, a potent JH mimic, was applied topically to different ages of the pupae, and showed significant inhibition of normal adult eclosion even at 0.1$\mu\textrm{g}$ dose when it was applied at the early pupal stage (day 0). As the pupal development underwent, the susceptibility of the pupae fenoxycarb decreased. RH5992, a potent ecdysteroid mimic, did not, however, any similar inhibiotry effect on the pupae. Natural JH types (JH I, JH II, and JH III) were applied on day 0 pupae to compare their inhibitory effects en adult eclosion. Both JH I and JH III significantly inhibited adult eclosion at 1.0$\mu\textrm{g}$ dose, but JH III did not even at 10.0$\mu\textrm{g}$ dose. It was meted that fenoxycarb-treated pupae showed little rectum development. Fenoxycarb did not, however, show any negative effect on the development of compound eye and wing imaginal discs, and on the pupal hemolymph protein pattern. These results suggest that there should be a commitment period requiring an absence of JH fur a normal adult metamorphosis during early pupal development and that the endogenous type of JH in S. exigua is JH I or JH II or both JHs like other lepidopteran species.