Regioselective syntheses and analyses of phlorofucofuroeckol-A derivatives

김용균,Jooseok Shin,Hyeon-cheol Shin,Kwangyong Park 대한화학회 2021 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.42 No.12

Phlorofucofuroeckol-A (PFF-A) is a phlorotannin extracted from various brown algae. PFF-A shows low toxicity when ingested and various biochemical effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-allergy properties. In this study, various di-O-substituted PFF-A derivatives were synthesized by introducing alkyl or acyl groups at two specific hydroxyls out of the nine nearly equivalent phenolic OH groups present in PFF-A. The exact molecular structures of the synthesized derivatives were analyzed using two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy, which confirmed that the substituents were regioselectively introduced at the 1?OH and 6?OH positions. Small amounts of three mono-O-substituted derivatives were generated as by-products in this reaction, and their structures and regioselectivity were determined using 2D NMR spectroscopy. This study can provide insights into understanding the mechanism of action of eckol-based compounds and developing new drug candidates.

경북 북부지역의 양잠산업에 피해를 주고 있는 누에(Bombyx mori) 미화용 기작에 관한 연구

김용균,배상기,이선영,지동진,김진,홍용표,김길호,Kim, Yong-Kyun,Bae, Sang-Ki,Lee, Sun-Young,Ji, Dong-Jin,Kim, Jin,Hong, Yong-Pyo,Kim, Gil-Ho 한국응용곤충학회 2004 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.43 No.2

경북 북부지역의 양잠농가에 피해를 주고 있는 누에(Bombyxmnri)의 미화용 유발 문제에 대한 원인과 기작을 밝혀내는 데, 이 연구의 궁극적 목적을 두었다. 일반 사육환경에서 나타날 수 있는 발육온도(20, 25, 3$0^{\circ}C$)와 최종령 초기 유충 체중 변이(412.6-1,616.0 mg)는 누에의 용화 결정에 영향을 주지 많았다 한편 유약호르몬(juvenile hormone:計I)동력제인 피리프록시팬(pyriproxyfen)은 10-s M의 낮은 농도에서도 난포세포 개방화를 유도하여, 이 약제가 누에에서도 동력제라는 것을 확인하였다. 피리프록시펜은 약제 농도 및 처리 시기별로 특이하게 누에 미화용 유발 효과를 보였다. 피리프록시펜은 JH 에스테라제(JH esterase: JHE)를 직접적으로 억제하지 못하고, 오히려 활성을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났으며, JH 결합단백질(JH binding protein:JHBP)의 유전자 발현을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 피리프록시펜은 체내에 JH 동력제로 작용하면서 JHE 유전자 활성을 제고시켰지만, JHE활성 증가에 따른 체내 JH함량이 줄어듬에 따라 JHBP의 유전자 활성을 억제하는 것으로 해석된다. 양잠농가 주변으로 살포 가능성이 있는 농약을 대상으로 난포세포 개방화 분석을 실시 한 결과, 제초제 3종(simazine, molinate, alachlor)이 JH 동력제 효과를 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 누에 미화용 원인체 규명을 위해서 이들에 대한 직접 노출 시험이 요구된다. Non-spinning syndrome of Bombyx mori has been serious issue in sericulture industry near Kyungbuk area. This study was focused on the analysis of the mechanism and on screening candidate chemicals inducing the anti-metamorphosis of the silkworms. Rearing temperatures or initial body weight of the final instar larvae did not affect a normal larval to pupal metamorphosis of B. mori. However, pyriproxyfen (a juvenile hormone (JH) agonist) induced follicle patency significantly even at its 10$\^$-8/ M concentration and inhibited metamorphosis of B. mori in both developmental time and dose dependent manners. Pyriproxyfen induced JH esterase (JHE) activity and downregulated expression of JH binding protein of 5. mori. These results suggests that pyriproxyfen induced JHE activity as a JH agonist and that the elevated JHE activity degraded endogenous JH and resulted in JHBP gene expression. Based on the fact that the JH agonist induced follicle patency and inhibited metamorphosis of B. mori, follicle patency bioassay suggested that three commercial pesticides including simazine, molinate or alachlor were proved to give potent JH agonistic effect on B. mori. Further direct exposure experiments to these candidates are required to determine the chemicals responsible for the non-spinning syndrome of 8. mori.

Evaluation of Different Organic Materials in Reducing Cadmium Phytoavailability of Radish Grown in Contaminated Soil

김용균,박현철,김근기,김성운,홍창오 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.1

Various types of organic materials could affect differently immobilization of cadmium (Cd) and its uptake byplant grown in soil. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate effect of different organic materials inreducing Cd phytoextractability in contaminated arable soil. To do this, rice straw and composted manure wereselected as organic materials and applied at the rate of 0, 15, 30, and 45 Mg ha-1in Cd contaminated arable soilwith 6.5 mg kg-1of total Cd. Radish (Raphanus sativa L.) was seeded and grown for 50 days to evaluate Cdphytoavailability with different organic materials. Composted manure was more effective to decrease 1 MNH4OAc extractable Cd concentration and increase pH of soil than rice straw. One M NH4OAc extractable Cdconcentration significantly decreased with increasing application rate of composted manure. Tendency of Cduptake by radish plant with application of different organic materials was similar to that of 1 M NH4OAcextractable Cd concentration and soil pH. Changes of soil pH with application of straw and composted might beone of factors to determine extractability and phytoavailability of Cd in this study. Radish yield significantlyincreased with up to 45 Mg ha-1of composted manure application but did not with straw application. In the viewpoint of Cd phytoextractability and plant productivity, it is recommended to apply composted manure rather thanstraw in Cd contaminated arable soil.

形態的観点から見た日本新聞略語の特徴

金鎔均,徐慶元 대한일어일문학회 2012 일어일문학 Vol.55 No.-

江語에 나타나는 ラ行下二段活用의 四段化現象에 관한 考察

김용균 대한일어일문학회 2007 일어일문학 Vol.35 No.-

紀海音의 世話浄瑠璃에 있어서 活用形式의 變化에 관한 一考察-上․下二段活用動詞 및 助動詞의 一段化를 중심으로-

김용균 대한일어일문학회 2006 일어일문학 Vol.29 No.-

세계 광교환전송장비 시장 동향

김용균,Kim, Yong-Gyun 한국광산업진흥회 2003 광산업정보 Vol.18 No.-

dsRNA를 이용한 해충방제 기술

김용균,Kim, Yonggyun 한국응용곤충학회 2017 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.56 No.2

이중나선형 RNA (dsRNA)를 이용한 유전자 발현 억제기술이 다양한 생명체에서 기능 유전체학을 연구하는 데 이용되고 있다. 이 기술의 원리는 전사후 단계에서 유전자 발현을 조절하는 RNA 간섭에 기인된다. dsRNA를 이용하여 특정 유전자의 발현 억제는 심각한 치사효과를 줄 수 있다. 이러한 분자기작을 해충 방제에 적용하여 특정 dsRNA를 이용한 새로운 살충제를 개발하고 있다. 본 종설은 dsRNA를 이용한 RNA간섭 원리를 설명하고 이를 이용한 해충 방제를 구현한 여러 예를 살펴본다. 그리고 해충방제를 실현시키기 위해 현재 이 기술이 담고 있는 한계를 고찰하고 이에 대한 대응 방안을 본 종설에서 제공하고자 한다. Gene silencing using double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) has been widely used in functional genomics in biological organisms. Its principle stems from RNA interference (RNAi), a post-transcriptional control of gene expression. Suppression of specific gene expression using dsRNA may give significant lethal effect. Insect pest control exploits this molecular process to develop novel insecticides using specific dsRNAs. This review explains core principles of RNAi using dsRNA. Then it illustrates various examples to control insect pests using dsRNAs. It also discusses limitations to control insect pests using dsRNAs. Finally, it provides several breakthroughs to develop dsRNA insecticides.

실시간 방사선량 측정용 PIN형 반도체 검출기 - 개발 경위와 향후 전망 -

김용균 한국원자력산업회의 2004 원자력산업 Vol.24 No.4

Assessment of Heavy Metal(loid)s Pollution in Arable Soils near Industrial Complex in Gyeongsang Provinces of South Korea

김용균,이현호,박혜진,홍창오 한국토양비료학회 2018 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.51 No.2

Industrial complex releasing huge amounts of dusts, fumes and wastewater containing heavy metal(loid)s couldbe a source of heavy metal(loid)s pollution in arable soil. Heavy metal(loid)s pollution in arable soil adverselyaffect crops safety, subsequently human being. Hence, it is important to accurately assess the heavy metal(loid)spollution in soil using pollution indices. The objectives of this study are 1) to compare assessment methods ofheavy metal(loid)s pollution in arable soils located near industrial complex in Gyeongsang provinces and 2) todetermine the relationship between concentration of plant available heavy metal(loid)s and chemical propertiesof soil. Soil samples were collected from 85 sites of arable lands nearby 10 industrial complex in Gyeongsangprovinces. The average total concentration of all heavy metal(loid)s of the studied soils was higher than that ofKorean arable soils but did not exceed the warning criteria established by the Soil Environmental ConservationAct of Korea. Only six sites of arable soils for the total concentration of As, Cu and Ni exceeded the warningcriteria (As: 25 mg kg-1, Cu: 150 mg kg-1, Ni: 100 mg kg-1). The contamination factor (CF) and geoaccumulationindex (Igeo) of the heavy metal(loid)s in arable soils varied among the sampling sites, and the average values ofAs and Cd were relatively higher than that of other metals. Results of integrated indices of As and Cd in arablesoils located near industrial complex indicated that some arable soils were moderately or heavily polluted. Theplant available concentration of heavy metal(loid)s was negatively related to the soil pH and negative charge ofsoil. Available Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations had relatively high correlation coefficient with pH and negativecharge of soil when compared with other heavy metal(loid)s. Based on the above results, it might be a good soilmanagement to control pH with soil amendments such as lime and compost to reduce phytoavailability of heavymetal(loid)s in arable soil located near industrial complex.