말기신부전 환자의 혈색소 순환 : 투석 방식에 따른 양상 비교 및 관련 인자들에 대한 고찰

최재혁,김준섭,원기범,박준형,탁우택,이정호 동국대학교 의학연구소 2009 東國醫學 Vol.15 No.2

혈색소 순환은 말기신부전 환자에서 인체 재조합 적혈구 조혈 인자를 투여하여 빈혈을 치료하는 동안 빈번히 관찰되며 이는 환자의 입원과 사망률과 관계가 있다고 알려져 있다. 이에 저자는 투석중인 말기 신부전 환자를 대상으로 혈색소 순환 양상과 이와 연관된 인자들을 알아보고자 하였다. 혈색소 순환의 관련 인자들을 알아보기 위하여 투석 치료를 받고 있는 환자 40명 (혈액투석 환자군: 20형, 복막투석 환자군: 20명)을 대상으로 투석 시작부터 1년 동안의 환자의 나이와 성별, 투석시작 1년간의 평균 Hb, 수혈 횟수, 총입원 횟수, 감염으로 인한 입원 횟수, 혈청 ferritin 농도, 혈청 transferrin saturation (TSAT), 철분제제 복용 유무, 일주일 동안 투여된 rHuEPO 양, rHuEPO의 변화량, 알부민, C-reactive protein (CRP) 및 입원 원인 등을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 전체 환자 40명 중 33명 (82.5%)에서 혈색소 순환이 관찰되었다. 혈액투석 환자군에 비해 복막투석 환자군에서 혈색소 순환 첫수가 유의하게 높았다 (p=0.037).혈색소 순환 발생군과 혈색소 순환 미발생군의 관련인자들을 비교하였을 경우 혈색소 순환 발생군에서 총 입원 첫수 (p=0.01), 감염으로 인한 입원 횟수 (p=0.036)가 유의하게 많았으며, 혈중 알부민 수치는 유의하게 낮았다 (p=0.003).그러나 두 군간의 나이, 성별, 수혈 횟수, 혈청 ferritin농도, 혈청 transferrin saturation (TSAT) 및 혈청 철분 농도는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈색소 순환의 빈도는 일주일 동안 투여된 r-HuEPO변화량과 양의 상관관계를 보였고 (p=0.003),혈중 알부민 수치와 음의 상관관계를 보였다 (p=0.013). 복막투석 환자군에서 혈액투석 환자군에 비해 혈색소 순환이 유의하게 높게 발생하였다. 일주일 동안 투여된 r-HuEPO 변화량, 입원 및 혈청 알부민 수치는 투석 시작부터 1년 동안의 혈색소 순환과 관련이 있었다. Hemoglobin cycling is frequently observed during treatment of anemia with recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) it is also reported to be associated with hospitalization and morbidity. We analyzed hemoglobin cycling and potential associated factors in patients on dialysis. Forty new dialysis patients (20 hemodialysis, HD and 20 peritoneal dialysis, PD) were recruited during their first year. Age, gender, mean hemoglobin level, frequency of transfusion, frequency of hospital admission, frequency of admission due to infection, serum ferritin, transferrine saturation, iron levels, rHuEPO dose per week, serum albumin, and c-reactive protein were retrospectively evaluated in order to examine the possible correlations with hemoglobin cycling. Thirty-three patients (82.5%) were identified in the hemoglobin cycling group. The PD group had a higher frequency of hemoglobin cycling than did the HD group (p=0.037). The hemoglobin cycling group showed a significantly higher frequency of hospital admission (P=0.001), admission due to infection (p=0.036) and a lower serum albumin level (p=0.003) than the other group, but there was no significant difference between the groups for age, gender, frequency of transfusion, serum ferritin, transferrine saturation, and iron levels. The frequency of hemoglobin cycling showed a positive correlation with the i-HuEPO dose variation per week (p=0.003) and a negative correlation with serum albumin level (p=0.013). The PD group had a higher frequency of hemoglobin cycling than the HD group, and the change of rHuEPO dose per week, hospitalization and serum albumin were associated with the hemoglobin cycling during the first year of dialysis.

Penetration-enhancing effect as a synergy mechanism in rosemary essential oil constituents

Jun-Hyung Tak,Murray B. Isman 한국응용곤충학회 2016 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.04

The penetration-enhancing effect of a binary mixture of rosemary essential oil constituents, and its correlation to increased toxicity were investigated. GC-MS analyses revealed that the major constituents of rosemary essential oil were 1,8-cineole and camphor, and a binary mixture of them showed synergistic insecticidal activity via topical application in third instar larvae of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni. In the mixture, penetration of camphor was significantly enhanced both in vivo and in vitro, whereas that of 1,8-cineole did not change much compared to individual application. Injection into hemocoel of fifth instar larvae indicated that camphor was more toxic than 1,8-cineole, although it was less toxic than 1,8-cineole when applied topically. A possible mechanism for enhanced penetration of camphor by 1,8-cineole is reduced surface tension of the mixture. Contact angles of 50% acetonic solutions on a layer of beeswax showed that the surface tension of 1,8-cineole was lower than that of camphor. Another probable reason is a change of camphor from solid to liquid status, when mixed with 1,8-cineole. This is the first report attempting to explain the synergistic insecticidal interaction of essential oil components, from a physiochemical perspective.

New era in the regulation and registration of public and household insecticides in South Korea: opportunity and responsibility of Korean entomologists

Jun-Hyung Tak 한국응용곤충학회 2019 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.04

지금까지 국내의 살충제 등록 및 관리는 농촌진흥청과 식품의약품안전처에 의해 이루어져 왔다. 농업해충을 방제하는 목적인 농약에 대해서는 농촌진흥청에 각 농약의 이화학적 분석자료, 약효 및 약해 시험성적서, 인축독성 시험성적서, 환경생물독성 시험성적서 및 잔류성 시험성적서 등을 구비하여 신청하며, 농촌진흥청에 등록된 농약은 농업해충의 방제를 비롯하여 검역해충(농림축산검역본부 관할) 및 산림해충(산림청 관할)의 관리 및 방제에도 사용된다. 이에 반하여, 기존 식품의약품안전처에서 ‘의약외품’이라는 명칭으로 등록 및 허가를 담당해오던 가정용 살충제(정식 명칭: 구제·방지·유인살충제) 및 방역용 살충제(정식 명칭: 감염병예방용 살충제)는 2019년 1월 기준으로 ‘살생물제’ 라는 명칭으로 환경부로 관리주체가 이관되게 되었으며, 향후 살생물제 물질 및 제품의 허가는 국립환경과학원을 통해 이루어지는 것으로 변경되었다. 관리주체 이관 및 관련법 변경과 관련한 많은 변화가 이루어졌고, 향후 더 많은 변화가 이루어 질 것으로 예상된다. 예를 들어, 기존 의약외품에서는 모기, 바퀴, 진드기, 벼룩 등 질병을 매개하는 위생해충만을 방제의 대상으로 지정하였으나, 살생물제는 가옥 또는 구조물 내 서식하는 모든 곤충 및 절지동물을 방제하는 화학제품은 살생물제로 보고 있으며, 이로 인해 기존 공산품으로 판매되며 법적인 기준이 없었던 좀벌레 방제제, 쌀벌레 방제제 및 날벌레 방제제 등의 판매를 위해서는 향후 살생물제 등록을 거쳐야만 하는 것으로 규정의 변화가 이루어지게 되었다. 이들 신규 살생물제 포함군에 대한 효력시험법 개발 등이 필요한 상황이며, 관련한 제품개발 연구인력, 허가 관련 행정인력, 사육 및 평가 전문가 등 다양한 분야의 신규 인력이 필요한 상황이다. 이러한 변화를 맞이하는 시점에서, 살충제에 대한 연구 및 규정 마련을 위해 해당학회 회원들의 역할과 책임에 대해 살펴보고자 한다.

Synergistic mechanism of natural products in the insecticidal activity

Jun-Hyung Tak(탁준형) 한국농약과학회 2022 한국농약과학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.11

The repeated insecticides application in the agricultural practice often results in the undesired development of resistance. In some cases, selection of the insecticides belonging to different classes to slow down the development process would not be possible if the numbers of insecticides registered for certain crops or animals are limited, leaving no choice but to increase the concentration of active ingredients or the frequency of application. This will lead to the increase in the production/purchase costs of commercial insecticides, illegal use by overdosing than allowed, or even adverse effect on the environments, along with humans and wild animals. Research on synergistic effect would be beneficial since it can reduce the amounts of insecticide usage. Plant extracts and essential oils are complex mixtures of various constituents, which sometimes exhibit complicated interaction among the constituents. They are frequently reported to be synergistic not only among the constituting compounds but also to synthetic insecticides. Several synergistic mechanisms were proposed to elucidate the underlying enhanced bioactivity, including the increase of cuticular penetration, multiple modes-of-action, or inhibition of detoxifying metabolism. Several studies provide supporting evidence, while others seem not clearly explaining the synergistic interaction.

Acaricidal activities of paeonol and benzoic acid from Paeonia suffruticosa root bark and monoterpenoids against Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Acari: Acaridae)

Tak, Jun-Hyung,Kim, Hyun-Kyung,Lee, Seung-Hwan,Ahn, Young-Joon John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2006 PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE Vol.62 No.6

<P>The acaricidal activities of paeonol (2′-hydroxy-4′-methoxyacetophenone) and benzoic acid identified in the root bark of tree peony, Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews, against copra mite, Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank), adults were examined using direct contact and vapour phase toxicity bioassays and compared with those of cinnamyl acetate, cinnamyl alcohol and 37 monoterpenoids as well as the acaricides benzyl benzoate, dibutyl phthalate and N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET). Based on LD<SUB>50</SUB> values in fabric piece contact toxicity bioassays, the acaricidal activities of benzoic acid (4.80 µg cm<SUP>−2</SUP>) and paeonol (5.29 µg cm<SUP>−2</SUP>) were comparable to that of benzyl benzoate (4.46 µg cm<SUP>−2</SUP>) but more pronounced than those of DEET (30.03 µg cm<SUP>−2</SUP>) and dibutyl phthalate (25.23 µg cm<SUP>−2</SUP>). In vapour phase toxicity bioassays, paeonol and benzoic acid were much more effective in closed containers than in open ones, indicating that the effects of these compounds were largely due to action in the vapour phase. As judged by 24 h LD<SUB>50</SUB> values, (1S)-(−)-verbenone (7.42 mg per disc) was the most toxic fumigant, followed by (1S)-(−)-camphor, (S)-(+)-carvone, (R)-(−)-linalool and (±)-camphor (10.45–18.18 mg). Potent fumigant toxicity was also observed with paeonol, (2S,5R)-(−)-menthone, (±)-citronellal, benzoic acid, (1S,4R)-(−)-α-thujone and (R)-(+)-pulegone (25.10–34.63 mg). Neither benzyl benzoate, DEET nor dibutyl phthalate caused fumigant toxicity. Paeonia root bark-derived materials, particularly paeonol and benzoic acid, as well as the monoterpenoids described, merit further study as potential acaricides or as leads for the control of T. putrescentiae. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry</P>

Acaricidal Activity of Paeonol Identified in Paeonia suffruicosa Root Bark Against Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Acari: Acaridae)

Jun-Hyung Tak,Hyun-Kyung Kim,Young-Joon Ahn 한국농약과학회 2004 한국농약과학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

살생물제품내 유효성분 함량 설정을 위한 효능 시험방법 개발 사례: 살충제 및 기피제

탁준형(Jun-Hyung Tak),이민진(Minjin Lee) 환경독성보건학회 2021 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2021 No.5

화학제품안전법 시행과 더불어, 살충제와 기피제의 대상 생물의 범위는 모기, 파리 등 기존 약사법에 의거하여 관리되어 오던 의약외품 살충제 및 기피제의 구제 대상인 위생해충을 비롯하여 쌀벌레류, 좀벌레류, 날벌레류 등 질병을 매개하거나 인체에 직접적인 위해를 가해하지는 않으나 가옥 내 발생하여 사람에게 혐오감을 주는 불쾌해충까지 대상 해충의 범위가 넓어지게 되었다. 신규 관리대상을 방제하는 살생물물질 및 살생물제품의 경우 이전까지 일반공산품으로 판매되어왔으며, 이들에 대한 효력 및 인체 안전성에 대한 기준 등이 확립되어 있지 않은 상황이다. 본 연구진은 최근 기존 법적 비 관리 해충에 대한 방제제의 효력시험 기준을 확립하였으며, 이와 함께 기존 의약외품 살충제의 효력시험법을 검토하여 개선사항을 도출하였다. 특히, 좀벌레류를 방제하는 목적으로 사용되는 옷장용 및 서랍장용 방충제의 경우 제조사에 따라 제품 내 유효성분 함량에 큰 차이를 나타냈으며, 실사용 조건에서 목적 해충에 대한 살충효과가 매우 미미한 것으로 확인되었다. 기존 의약외품 살충제인 에어로졸, 액체전자모기향, 매트전자모기향의 경우 식품의약품안전처에서 제시된 효력시험법 가이드라인에 의거하여 평가한 경우 준수한 살충효과를 나타냈으나, 실사용 조건을 모사한 시험공간에서는 살충효과가 급격하게 떨어지는 것으로 조사되었다.

Entecavir versus Lamivudine for Prevention of Liver-related Events in Patients with HBV-related Advanced Liver Disease: A Multicenter, Prospective Study

( Jun Yong Park ),( Sang Gyun Kim ),( Won Young Tak ),( Hyung Joon Yim ),( Byoung Kuk Jang ),( Moon Young Kim ),( Byung Ik Kim ),( Jin-Woo Lee ),( Ki Tae Yoon ),( Jae Youn Cheong ),( So Young Kwon ),( 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1

Aims: High potent drug is being recommended as first-line agent for chronic hepatitis B. However, whether high potent drug reduce the risk of liver- related events (LREs) to a greater extent than lamivudine is known, especially in patients with advanced fibrosis. We aimed to compare the clinical benefits of entecavir (ETV) 0.5mg versus lamivudine (LAM) 100mg for prevention of LREs in patients with HBV-related advanced liver disease. Methods: Randomized, open-label, phase 4 study conducted from December 2008 through April 2015 at 18 medical centers in South Korea. Patients who had histologically confirmed advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis or clinically evidence of overt cirrhosis with a high viral loads (HBV DNA≥2,000 IU/mL) and normal or slightly elevated transaminase and no prior antiviral therapy were assigned to receive ETV (n = 231) or LAM (n = 231) for 5 years. If the patients confirmed to have HBV-resistance mutations, adefovir or tenofovir-based rescue therapy was added. LREs included hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), decompensation, or liver-related death or transplantation. Results: The baseline characteristics were comparable between these two groups. During the study period, 100 (21.6%) patients experienced LREs (ETV vs LAM: 50 vs 50). The rates were no difference for the ETV group vs the LAM group for HCC development (14.3% vs 14.7%, respectively), Child-Pugh score increase (3.9% vs 3.9%), variceal bleeding (2.6% vs 1.3%) and liver-related death or transplantation (0.9% vs 2.6%). The cumulative incidence rates of genotypic resistance to LAM and ETV at 5-year treatment was 49.8% and 1.2%, respectively. Multivariable analyses showed that age, male gender and a primary nonresponse to antiviral therapy were associated with a high likelihood of a development of LREs, irrespective of the type of antiviral agent. Conclusions: In this prospective long-term study, there was no difference between the ETV arm and the LAM arm for prevention of LREs in patients with HBV-related advanced liver disease, if applied the appropriate rescue therapy.

파라핀종 제거 후 감각 요골부 전박유리피판을 이용한 음경 성형술

안준탁,조성태,박창현,임재규,김형윤,김기영,서인석,이영구,박흥원 大韓泌尿器科學會 2002 Korean Journal of Urology Vol.43 No.2

High Efficiency InGaN Blue Light-Emitting Diode With <tex> ${>}{\rm 4}\hbox{-}{\rm W}$</tex> Output Power at 3 A

Tak Jeong,Hyung-Jo Park,Jin-Woo Ju,Hwa Sub Oh,Jong-Hyeob Baek,Jun-Seok Ha,Guen-Hwan Ryu,Han-Youl Ryu IEEE 2014 IEEE photonics technology letters Vol.26 No.7

<P>This letter reports high-power and high-efficiency characteristics of the InGaN-based blue light-emitting diode (LED) operating at > 10-W electrical input power in a single-chip package. The LED chip is fabricated as a vertical-injection structure with chip dimensions of 1.8 mm × 1.8 mm. InGaN/GaN short-period superlattice (SL) structures are employed below multiple-quantum-well active region as current spreading layers. It is found, by simulation, that SL layers are quite effective in improving current spreading and uniformity in carrier distribution. When the characteristics of the fabricated LED package are measured under pulsed operation conditions, efficiency droop is found to be greatly reduced in the LED structure with SL layers. A record high light output power of 4.18 W and external quantum efficiency of 51% are demonstrated at 3-A injection current.</P>