Studies on Simultaneous Determination of Chlorophyll a and b, Pheophorbide a, and $\beta-Carotene$ in Chlorella and Spirulina Products

이영자,김소희,김진숙,한정아,서해점,임효정,최수영,Lee Young Ja,Kim So Hee,Kim Jin-Sook,Han Jeong A,Seo Hae Jeom,Lim Hyo Jeong,Choi Soo Young The Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety 2005 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.20 No.3

역상 컬럼을 이용하여 건강기능식품 중 클로렐라 및 스피루리나제품에 함유되어 있는 엽록소 a, b,페오포르바이드 a 및 $\beta$-카로틴의 HPLC동시분석법을 확립하였으며, 첨가농도 $50\;\mug/ml$에서 엽록소 a, b, 페오포르바이드 a 및 $\beta$-카로틴에 대한 회수율시험결과, 각각 2.8, 6.0, 10.6 및 $10.4\%$의 상대표준편차와 70.3, 71.6, 60.1 및 $90.5\%$의 회수율을 각각 나타냈다. 이때 검출한계는 $0.1\sim1.0\;\mug/ml$, 정량한계는 $0.2\sim2.0\;\mug/ml$이었으며 검량선 상관계수도 0.995 이상의 직선성을 보여주었다. 국내유통 클로렐라 및 스피루리나제품에 대한 엽록소 a, b,페오포르바이드 a및 $\beta$-카로틴의 함유량을 분석한 결과 엽록소 a $121.g\sim543$, 엽록소 b $0.6\sim160.0$, 페오포르바이드 a 및 P-카로틴 $383.6\sim1713.7mg/ml$ 수준으로 나타났다. 엽록소 b의 함유량은 클로렐라제품에서 평균 374.0 mg/100 g 으로 스피루리나제품의 평균 10.5 mg/100 g 보다 30배 이상 함유하고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 그러나 $\beta$-카로틴의 함유량은 스피루리나제품이 평균 1335.4 mg/100 g 로 클로렐라제품의 평균 495.0 mg/100 g 보다 평균 함유량에서 2.7배 높은 것으로 나타났다. 국내 건강기능식품공전 중 클로렐라 및 스피루리나제품의 엽록소 a b, 및 페오포르바이드 항목의 규격검사를 본 연구의 동시분석법으로 개정함으로써 각 성분 함량의 정량, 분석시간의 단축 및 비용절감 둥 시험방법을 크게 개선할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. A simple and sensitive analysis method based on reverse phase (RP) HPLC with UV detector was developed for simultaneous determination of chlorophyll a and b, pheophorbide a and $\beta-Carotene$ in Chlorella and Spirulina products. For added concentration $(50\;\mug/ml)$ of chlorophyll a and b, pheophorbide a and $\beta-Carotene$, recoveries of those were 70.3, 71.6, 60.1 and $90.5\%$, respectively, with relative standard deviations of 2.8,6.0, 10.6 and $10.4\%$. Limit of detection and quantification had ranges of $0.1\sim1.0\;\mug/ml$ and $0.2\sim2.0\;\mug/ml$, respectively. Calibration curve was linear with correlation coefficient of 0.995 for chlorophyll a and b, pheophorbide a and $\beta-Carotene$. Results of simultaneous determination in Chlorella and Spirulina products were showed ranges of $121.g\sim543.0\;\mug/ml$ for chlorophyll a,$0.6\sim160.0\;\mug/ml$ for chlorophyll b, $19.2\sim60.3\;\mug/ml$ for pheophorbide a and $383.6\sim1713.7\;\mug/ml$ for $\beta-Carotene$, respectively. Chlorophyll b contents in Chlorella products were detected above 30 times level to those in Spirulina products. $\beta-Carotene$ contents in Spirulina products were detected 2.7 times level to those in Chlorella products.

A Study on Enterovirus Genotypes in Busan, Korea from 2017 to 2022

Nam-Ho Kim,Young-A Jung,Hyeon-Jeong Kwon,Han-Nwi You,이승주 대한미생물학회 2023 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.53 No.2

Human enteroviruses (HEV) are pathogens that cause a wide variety of clinicalillness such as a hand-foot-mouth disease, herpangina, skin rash, encephalitis,aseptic meningitis and even death in young children. This study was aimed toinvestigate the prevalence of HEV infection in young children in Busan, Korea andanalyze the various genotypes of enterovirus. We collected the stool, throat swaband cerebrospinal fluid samples from admitted pediatrics from 2017 to 2022. HEV detection and genotype identification were performed by real-time RT-PCRand RT-PCR and phylogenetic trees were constructed by neighbor-joining methodcompared with reference strains. A total of 1,412 samples were collected and128 cases (9.1%) were detected. Based on partial VP1 sequencing, a total 93enterovirus isolates were resolved into 4 genotypes and 18 serotypes; Humanenterovirus A, B, D (HEV-A, B, D) and Rhinovirus. HEV-A is 30 isolates included 7serotypes, HEV-B is 63 isolates included 10 serotypes, HEV-D is 1 isolates included1 serotypes and Rhinovirus is 5 isolated included 3 serotypes. Prevalent serotypewas coxsakievirus A10 in 2017, coxsakievirus B5 in 2018, Echovirus 30 in 2019. Thetemporal distribution of HEV epidemics in Busan showed a remarkable seasonalpattern, from June to September. The genotypes of circulating enteroviruseswere diverse from year to year and most of the sequences circulated in Busanshowed homology with reference sequences in neighboring countries such asChina. Monitoring and genotyping of these enteroviruses will play a role inpreventing the development of serious diseases caused by enteroviruses andgenotype analysis can be used as a basic data for epidemiological studies.

Development of Sensitive Analytical Method of Rhodanthpyrone A by a LC-MS/MS and its Application to Bioavailability Study in Rats

Kang, Bitna,Yoon, Jeong A,Song, Im-Sook,Han, Young Taek,Choi, Min-Koo Korean Society for Mass Spectrometry 2019 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.10 No.3

A sensitive analytical method of rhodanthpyrone A in rat plasma was developed using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Rhodanthpyrone A and rhodanthpyrone B (internal standard) in rat plasma were extracted by a liquid-liquid extraction method with ethyl acetate. This extraction method gave results in high and reproducible extraction recovery in the range of 73.75-79.90% with no interfering peaks around the peak elution time of rhodanthpyrone A and B. The standard calibration curves for rhodanthpyrone A ranged from 0.5 to 2000 ng/mL were linear with $r^2$ > 0.994 and the inter- and intra-day accuracy and precision and the stability were within acceptance criteria. Using this validated analytical method, pharmacokinetics of rhodanthpyrone A following intravenous and oral administration of rhodanthpyrone A at doses of 2 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg, respectively, were investigated. Rhodanthpyrone A in rat plasma showed multi-exponential elimination pattern with high clearance and volume of distribution values. The absolute oral bioavailability of this compound was calculated as 3.7%. Collectively, the newly developed sensitive LC-MS/MS analytical method of rhodanthpyrone A could be successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of this compound and would be useful for the further studies on the efficacy, toxicity, and biopharmaceutics of rhodanthpyrone A.

A new compound, 1H,8H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1,8-dione, suppresses airway epithelial cell inflammatory responses in a murine model of asthma.

Lee, H,Han, A R,Kim, Y,Choi, S H,Ko, E,Lee, N Y,Jeong, J H,Kim, S H,Bae, H Biomedical Research Press 2009 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPATHOLOGY AND PHARM Vol.22 No.3

<P>Clinical and experimental studies have established eosinophilia as a sign of allergic disorders. Activation of eosinophils in the airways is believed to cause epithelial tissue injury, contraction of airway smooth muscle and increased bronchial responsiveness. As part of the search for new antiasthmatic agents produced by medicinal plants, the effects of 270 standardized medicinal plant extracts on cytokine-activated A549 human lung epithelial cells were evaluated. After several rounds of activity-guided screening, the new natural compound, 1H,8H-Pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1,8-dione (PPY), was isolated from Vitex rotundifolia L. To elucidate the mechanism by which the anti-asthmatic responses of PPY occurred in vitro, lung epithelial cells (A549 cell) were stimulated with TNF-alpha, IL-4 and IL-1beta to induce the expression of chemokines and adhesion molecules involved in eosinophil chemotaxis. PPY treatments reduced the expression of eotaxin, IL-8, IL-16 and VCAM-1 mRNA significantly. Additionally, PPY reduced eotaxin secretion in a dose-dependent manner and significantly inhibited eosinophil migration toward A549 medium. In addition, PPY treatment suppressed the phosphorylation of p65 and ERK1/2, suggesting that it can inhibit the MAPK/NF-KB pathway. To clarify the anti-inflammatory and antiasthmatic effects of PPY in vivo, we examined the influence of PPY on the development of pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation in a murine model of asthma. To accomplish this, mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) and then examined for the following typical asthmatic reactions: an increase in the number of eosinophils in BALF; the presence of Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-5 in the BALF; the presence of allergen-specific IgE in the serum; and a marked influx of inflammatory cells into the lung. Taken together, our results revealed that PPY exerts profound inhibitory effects on the accumulation of eosinophils into the airways while reducing the levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in the BALF. Therefore, these results suggest that PPY may be useful as a new therapeutic drug for the treatment of allergic asthma.</P>

Efficient Excitonic Photoluminescence in Direct and Indirect Band Gap Monolayer MoS₂

Steinhoff, A.,Kim, J.-H.,Jahnke, F.,Rö,sner, M.,Kim, D.-S.,Lee, C.,Han, G. H.,Jeong, M. S.,Wehling, T. O.,Gies, C. American Chemical Society 2015 NANO LETTERS Vol.15 No.10

<P>We discuss the photoluminescence (PL) of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides on the basis of experiments and a microscopic theory. The latter connects ab initio calculations of the single-particle states and Coulomb matrix elements with a many-body description of optical emission spectra. For monolayer MoS<SUB>2</SUB>, we study the PL efficiency at the excitonic A and B transitions in terms of carrier populations in the band structure and provide a quantitative comparison to an (In)GaAs quantum well-structure. Suppression and enhancement of PL under biaxial strain is quantified in terms of changes in the local extrema of the conduction and valence bands. The large exciton binding energy in MoS<SUB>2</SUB> enables two distinctly different excitation methods: above-band gap excitation and quasi-resonant excitation of excitonic resonances below the single-particle band gap. The latter case creates a nonequilibrium distribution of carriers predominantly in the K-valleys, which leads to strong emission from the A-exciton transition and a visible B-peak even if the band gap is indirect. For above-band gap excitation, we predict a strongly reduced emission intensity at comparable carrier densities and the absence of B-exciton emission. The results agree well with PL measurements performed on monolayer MoS<SUB>2</SUB> at excitation wavelengths of 405 nm (above) and 532 nm (below the band gap).</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2015/nalefd.2015.15.issue-10/acs.nanolett.5b02719/production/images/medium/nl-2015-02719d_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl5b02719'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

수정-IPA를 통한 푸드카빙교육 효용성의 품질속성 분류에 관한 연구

이성주(Lee, Sung-Ju),임현철(Lim, Hyun-Cheo),김상미(Kim, Sang-Mi) 한국외식경영학회 2022 외식경영연구 Vol.25 No.2

본 연구는 푸드카빙 교육을 받은 수강생들이 지각하는 푸드카빙 효용성은 어떠한지 살펴보고, 어떠한 효용성들이 있고, 효용성의 품질 속성은 어떠한지 살펴보고자 하였다. 이러한 연구목적을 규명하기 위하여 푸드카빙 교육을 받은 경험이 있는 수강생을 모집단으로 설정하였고, 설문조사는 2020년 7월 20일부터 8월 20일까지 한 달간 진행되었다. 설문지는 총 500부를 배부하였고, 435부가 회수되었고, 불성실한 설문지 38부를 제외하고 397부가 최종 분석에 사용되었다. 분석결과, 중요 실행 요소로는 푸드카빙 교육은 지루하지 않고, 남녀노소 할 수 있고, 잡생각이 사라지고, 자존감이 높아지고, 자신의 가치가 높아지고, 마음이 편해지고, 우울함이 사라지는 등의 수업 자체에서 오는 만족감의 속성들이 포함되었다. 매력적 요소에는 푸드카빙 기술이 수익으로 연결되고, 강좌를 개설하고, 적은 금액으로 공방을 오픈하는 등의 수익 측면과 관련된 항목들이 포함되었다. 아울러, 기본적 요소에는 집중할 수 있고, 기분이 좋아지고, 자격증을 취득하고, 전문가가 될 수 있다는 측면의 항목들이 포함되었다. 이는 대체로 푸드카빙을 처음 배우는 수강생들이 기본적으로 가지는 목적들이 포함되었다. This study aims to examine the food carving utility perceived by students who received food carving education, the types of the utility, and its quality attributes. To investigate this research purpose, students who had received food carving education were set as a population, and the survey was conducted for one month from July 20 through August 20, 2020. 500 copies of the questionnaire were distributed in total, and 435 copies were collected. 397 copies were used in the final analysis, excluding 38 unreliable copies. As a result of the analysis, important execution factors included the attributes of satisfaction with the class itself, e.g., Food carving education was not boring; it could be done by men and women of all ages; it made cockeyed ideas disappear; it promoted their self-esteem; it enhanced their value; it comforted their hearts; and it made their depression disappear. Attractive elements included revenue-related items, such as food carving skills connected to profits; they could open lectures; and they could open a workshop with little money. Along with this, the basic elements included the following: They could concentrate; they could feel better; they could get a certificate; and they could become an expert. They usually included the purposes the students who would learn food carving for the first time had basically.

Effects of solvent on the formation of the MUA monolayer on Si and its diffusion barrier properties for Cu metallization

Rahman, M. A.,Han, J. S.,Jeong, K.,Nam, H. s.,Lee, J. SPRINGER SCIENCE AND BUSINESS MEDIA 2014 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.10 No.3

We investigated the effects of solvents, such as ethanol and isooctane, on self-assembly of the mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) monolayer on Si and its diffusion barrier properties for Cu metallization. The use of isooctane as a solvent produced MUA self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) (similar to 1.3 nm thick) on Si. These acted as an effective diffusion barrier against Cu diffusion up to 200A degrees C. In contrast, the MUA SAMs produced by ethanol allowed the diffusion of Cu to a MUA-Si interface at 200A degrees C, stimulating the out-diffusion of Si into Cu and thus resulting in the degraded diffusion barrier properties. This was possibly due to the partial formation of interplane hydrogen bonding between the terminal groups of the bound acid and free thiol groups. This provided less dense thiol surface groups, thus leading to poor adhesion of Cu to MUA SAMs. The fabricated Cu/isooctane-assisted MUA source/drain electrode a-Si:H thin film transistors with a channel length of 10 A mu m exhibited an excellent electron mobility of 0.74 cm(2)/V-s, threshold voltage of -0.51 V, I (on) /I (off) ratio of 3.25 x 10(6), specific contact resistance of 4.24 Omega-cm(2) after annealing at 200A degrees C.

Clinical Impact of Exosomal microRNA as a Novel Biomarker of Liver Fibrosis

( Young Chang ),( Jae-a Han ),( Suk Min Kang ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Tom Ryu ),( Han Seul Park ),( Jeong-ju Yoo ),( Sae Hwan Lee ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Young Seok Kim ),( Hong Soo Kim ),( So Young Jin 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1

Aims: Many approaches have been suggested for the non-invasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis, including the use of serum biomarkers and ultrasound-based elastography, but none has yet replaced liver biopsy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been suggested as potential diagnostic tools for liver diseases. We investigated alterations in the expression of serum exosomal miRNAs with the progression of liver fibrosis and evaluated their clinical applicability as biomarkers. Methods: This study prospectively enrolled 71 patients who underwent liver biopsy at a large-volume academic hospital in Korea. Exosomes were extracted from serum samples, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) of miRNAs was conducted in patients from different stages of liver fibrosis. Differential expression of miRNAs was quantified using targeted real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). A model was derived to discriminate advanced fibrosis based on miRNA levels using multivariate logistic regression. The performance of this model was evaluated and compared using area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) and De- Long’s test. Results: NGS data revealed the relationship between exosomal miR-122 expression and liver fibrosis progression. The level of miR-122 decreased as the pathologic fibrosis grade progressed from stage 0 to 4. Patients with biopsy-proven advanced fibrosis had significantly lower levels of exosomal miR-122 (P<0.001) than those without advanced fibrosis. Exosomal miR-122 exhibited a fair performance in discriminating advanced fibrosis with an AUC of 0.77, which improved to 0.86 in combination with fibrosis-4 score (FIB-4) and transient elastography (TE). This value was higher than that reported for any other non-invasive modalities, including TE (AUC of 0.80) or FIB-4 (AUC of 0.57) alone. In a subgroup of patients with a non-viral etiology of liver disease, the performance of exosomal miR-122 as a biomarker improved, evident from the increase in the AUC value to 0.87. In this subpopulation, the combination model of miR- 122, FIB-4, and TE showed the best discrimination ability (AUC of 0.90), which was significantly higher than that of TE alone (AUC of 0.83; DeLong’s test P=0.046). Inhibition of miR-122 expression increased the proliferation of the human hepatic stellate cell line, LX-2, and upregulated the expression of collagen- 1A, a-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, and transforming growth factor-ß. Conclusions: Exosomal miR-122 may serve as a novel biomarker for discriminating advanced liver fibrosis, and its accuracy may enhanced in combination with other non-invasive tests such as FIB-4 and TE.

S-443 Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state developed after chemotherapy in a patient with diabetes

( Jeong Min Yoon ),( So Young Yoon ),( Sung Yong Kim ),( Mark Hong Lee ),( Yo Han Cho ),( Young A Rhyu ) 대한내과학회 2016 대한내과학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.1

A 73-year-old male patient visited our center due to abdominal discomfort at June 2014. He was diagnosed with colon cancer with multiple liver metastases, peritoneal seeding and malignant ascites. He had been diagnosed with diabetes 8 years before but had been off medication for 5 month at the time of diagnosis due to fair glycemic control. His hemoglobin A1c was 6.2% at the time of diagnosis. We started palliative chemotherapy at July 2014 with FOLFOX regimen. From the 4th cycle, dexamethasone was given in addition to serotonin antagonist for better emesis control at 8mg per day for 3 days. After discharge from completion of 5th cycle of FOLFOX regimen, the patient visited emergency room due to profound general weakness and poor oral intake. He was mentally confused and severely dehydrated. Blood chemistry showed serum glucose 965 mg/dL, serum osmolarity 410 mOsmol/kgH2O, blood urea nitrogen 55.6 mg/dL, serum creatinine 1.60 mg/dL, sodium 159 mmol/L (corrected sodium 173 mmol/L), potassium 5.2 mmol/L, chloride 123 mmol/L, and C- reactive protein 2.88 mg/dL. Urine ketone was negative and arterial blood gas showed pH 7.382, pCO2 37.5 mmHg, pO2 79.8 mmHg, and HCO3- 21.8 mmol/L. With the impression of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, we started treatment with intravenous fluid and insulin. The patient’s condition improved. Over following 2 weeks, the patient slowly recovered without any complications. There were no evidences of infection or cardiovascular events proven afterwards. He is on regular follow-up now. In addition to steroid, chemotherapy itself might have contributed this complication. They had not been diagnosed with diabetes before. Therefore, it was argued that chemotherapy itself or chemotherapy induced poor oral intake might have somehow caused HHS in these cases. And it is also known that malignant tumor itself could disturb glucose metabolism and cause impaired glucose tolerance. HHS in our case might be resulted from a combinatorial effect of these factors in addition to dexamethasone use. It would be prudent, therefore, that we physicians should be cautious about hyperglycemia and its rare but serious complications especially in the old aged diabetic cancer patients under chemotherapy. .

ALS/FTLD-linked TDP-43 regulates neurite morphology and cell survival in differentiated neurons

Han, Jeong-Ho,Yu, Tae-Hoon,Ryu, Hyun-Hee,Jun, Mi-Hee,Ban, Byung-Kwan,Jang, Deok-Jin,Lee, Jin-A Elsevier 2013 Experimental cell research Vol.319 No.13

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Tar-DNA binding protein of 43kDa (TDP-43) has been characterized as a major component of protein aggregates in brains with neurodegenerative diseases such as frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, physiological roles of TDP-43 and early cellular pathogenic effects caused by disease associated mutations in differentiated neurons are still largely unknown. Here, we investigated the physiological roles of TDP-43 and the effects of missense mutations associated with diseases in differentiated cortical neurons. The reduction of TDP-43 by siRNA increased abnormal neurites and decreased cell viability. ALS/FTLD-associated missense mutant proteins (A315T, Q331K, and M337V) were partially mislocalized to the cytosol and neurites when compared to wild-type and showed abnormal neurites similar to those observed in cases of loss of TDP-43. Interestingly, cytosolic expression of wild-type TDP-43 with mutated nuclear localization signals also induced abnormal neurtie morphology and reduction of cell viability. However, there was no significant difference in the effects of cytosolic expression in neuronal morphology and cell toxicity between wild-type and missense mutant proteins. Thus, our results suggest that mislocalization of missense mutant TDP-43 may contribute to loss of TDP-43 function and affect neuronal morphology, probably via dominant negative action before severe neurodegeneration in differentiated cortical neurons.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The function of nuclear TDP-43 in neurite morphology in mature neurons. </LI> <LI> Partial mislocalization of TDP-43 missense mutants into cytosol from nucleus. </LI> <LI> Abnormal neurite morphology caused by missense mutants of TDP-43. </LI> <LI> The effect of cytosolic expression of TDP-43 in neurite morphology and in cell survival. </LI> </UL> </P>