대구시 아파트단지의 주차수요에 관한 연구

박찬돈,하재명,Park Chan-Don,Ha Jae-Myung 한국주거학회 2004 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.15 No.5

After 1980's, the ratio of car possessions has been increased rapidly. Nowaday, most large cities have suffered a lot of problems about traffic and car parking. Specially in apartment complexes, they have parking problem which is caused by the parking demand. The ratio of parking demand at multi-family housing sites has been increased significantly, therefore several parking problems have occurred. The goal of this study is to investigate the parking demand per housing unit size of apartment complex in Daegu city. The results of this study is as follows. (1) The parking demand of 60 $m^2$ below sized housing unit is 1.09 car per the unit. (2) The parking demand of 60 $m^2$ over 85 $m^2$ below sized housing unit is 1.31 car per the unit. (3) The parking demand of 85 $m^2$ over 135 $m^2$ below sized housing unit is 1.74 car per the unit. (4) The parking demand of 135 $m^2$ over sized housing unit is 2.10 car per the unit.

퍼지 제어기를 이용한 차량의 자율주차 시뮬레이션

박재현,김승철,한창훈,박종오,임영도 東亞大學校 附設 情報通信硏究所 1998 情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.6 No.1

In a case of driving beginnners, it is very difficult to park a car perfectly because driver's knowledge makes more errors than intelligent mechanism when they are performed repeatedly. However skilled drivers be of experienced knowledge are able to park a car quickly. In this paper, we analyzed driving patterns of skilled drivers, designed the fuzzy controller to park based on it, and perform auto-parking simulation of a car using that controller.

Elevational Distribution of Breeding Bird Communities in Seoraksan National Park, Korea

( Hyun-su Hwang ),( Jae-kang Lee ),( Tae-kyung Eom ),( Ho-kyoung Bae ),( Dong-ho Lee ),( Jong-hwan Lim ),( Sung-cheol Jung ),( Chan-ryul Park ),( Shin-jae Rhim ) 한국산림과학회(구 한국임학회) 2020 한국산림과학회지 Vol.109 No.1

In this study, the elevational distribution of breeding birds in Seoraksan National Park, Korea was investigated. Forty-six species of birds were documented from line transect surveys taken from Seorakdong at 230 m above sea level (a.s.l.) to the Daechungbong summit at 1708 m asl. Birdspecies richness and diversity were highest in Seorakdong and lowest at the Daechungbong summit. As elevation increased, bird species richness and diversity decreased, with a humped-shape trend being observed between 700 m and 1200 m a.s.l. Stepwise analyses revealed that breeding bird species diversity indices were significantly negatively correlated with elevation (r² = 0.327, P < 0.001) and positively correlated with vegetational coverage (r² = 0.324, P = 0.046). Higher elevations supported fewer birds than low and intermediate elevations. Projections at the local scale, including data on behavior and habitat use by birds, will be necessary for optimal conservation and management of the bird communities in Seoraksan National Park.

Elevational Distribution of Breeding Bird Communities in Seoraksan National Park, Korea

Hwang, Hyun-Su,Lee, Jae-Kang,Eom, Tae-Kyung,Bae, Ho-Kyoung,Lee, Dong-Ho,Lim, Jong-Hwan,Jung, Sung-Cheol,Park, Chan-Ryul,Rhim, Shin-Jae Korean Society of Forest Science 2020 한국산림과학회지 Vol.109 No.1

In this study, the elevational distribution of breeding birds in Seoraksan National Park, Korea was investigated. Forty-six species of birds were documented from line transect surveys taken from Seorakdong at 230 m above sea level (a.s.l.) to the Daechungbong summit at 1708 m asl. Birdspecies richness and diversity were highest in Seorakdong and lowest at the Daechungbong summit. As elevation increased, bird species richness and diversity decreased, with a humped-shape trend being observed between 700 m and 1200 m a.s.l. Stepwise analyses revealed that breeding bird species diversity indices were significantly negatively correlated with elevation (r² = 0.327, P < 0.001) and positively correlated with vegetational coverage (r² = 0.324, P = 0.046). Higher elevations supported fewer birds than low and intermediate elevations. Projections at the local scale, including data on behavior and habitat use by birds, will be necessary for optimal conservation and management of the bird communities in Seoraksan National Park.

溫度變化를 고려한 窒素가스(GN₂)의 放電特性에 관한 연구

朴贊奎,朱宰賢 영남이공대학 산업기술연구소 1995 産業技術硏究 Vol.8 No.-

This paper describes the discharge characteristics of nitrogen gas(GN₂) for sphere-plane electrode with variation of temperature(0[℃]~-80[℃]) and gap length(d=1.0, 2.0, 3.0[mm]). Some important results obtained from this study are as follows. ① The breakdown voltage(V_(B)) increases with decreasing the temperature(T). ② The duration time of discharge(t) is longer with the decrease of the temperature(T). ③ The dependency of the temperature for breakdown voltage(V_(B)) increases with increasing the nonuniformity of the gap.

오리 嗅粘膜의 組織學的 및 組織化學的 硏究

朴在贊,金武剛,金弘善,申台均 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1988 충남의대잡지 Vol.15 No.1

This paper dealt with the histological feature of the Pekin duck olfactory mucosa and the specificity of the types of mucopolysaccharides present in the secretory cells of the duck olfactory mucosa. The nasal parts of ducks (1-week-old and 10-week-old) were fixed with 10% neutral formalin, decalcified, embedded in paraffin. Serial sections were cut 5 um thick and stained with alcian blue(pH 2.5) to demonstrate acidic mucopolysaccharides and the periodic acid-Schiff reaction to identify neutral mucopolysaccharides. The results were summarized as follows. 1. The duck olfactory mucosa consisted of the olfactory epithelia which compose of the receptor neurons, supporting cells, basal cells and goblet cells, and the lamina propria which contained Bowman's glands, olfactory nerve bunbles and connective tissue cells. 2. The thickness of the olfactory mucosa was 121.5±25.67um in the 1-week-old ducks, and 202±45.82km in the 10-week-old ducks. Increased thickness of olfactory mucosa was due to the increased thickness of lamina propria. 3. Histochemical techniques of the olfactory mucosa in 10-week-old ducks demonstrated that Goblet cells, sppporting cells and Bowman's gland contained both neutral and acidic mucopolysacc harides, the neutral mucopolysaccharides staining became enhanced first in the Goblet cells and Bowman's gland, and then in supporting cells. In 1-week-old ducks, both acidic and neutral mucopolysaccharides of Goblet cells reacted strongly, but those of supporting cells and Bowman's gland reacted presumably.

시험용 異狀電源 발생장치의 개발에 관한 연구

박찬원,노재관 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2004 産業技術硏究 Vol.24 No.A

Generally, electronic appliances are used on the basis of normal power source supply. The power source inevitably includes the abnormal condition, such as, sudden voltage sagging, power interrupt, and induced noises. As the electronic appliances which include micro-controller-based circuits are being increased recently, the controller circuit sometimes malfunctions by the abnormal condition of the power source. This situation causes serious problems such as hitch of electric appliance, fire and medical instrument glitch, which produces serious situations. In this paper, development of power interrupt tester which is highly suitable for an endurance test device under abnormal power source to microprocessor-based circuits is proposed 89C2051 microcontroller is performed to make power interrupt signal, and software controls peripheral hardwares and built-in functions. Experimental results of this study will offer a good application to electronic appliance maker as a test device of hardware and software debugging use.

초등학교 제7차 체육과 교육과정의 목표 및 내용분석

박찬홍,심재성 公州大學校 藝體能硏究院 스포츠 科學硏究所 2004 스포츠科學硏究所論文集 Vol.16 No.-

The purpose of this study were to analyze the objectives and contents of the seventh curriculum of physical education in the elementary school to help understand the curriculum, to present the course of elementary school physical education to the elementary school teachers, and to detect problems to be a help to the next curricular revision. After analysis on this research, I got the conclusions as follows ; First, the subject objectives were analyzed on the basis of the standard of objective classification by Bloom, Bucher, Barrow, Nash. Stoodley, Brownell & Hagman, Hetherington, Irwin, and Willgoose. Second, the unit objectives were analyzed on the basis of the standard of objective classification by Bloom, Bucher, Barrow, and purpose process curriculum framework. Third, the sixth and seventh curriculums were compared and analyzed. Fourth, the contents of the seventh curriculum of physical education were analyzed. The conclusions about analysis of the objectives and contents of the seventh curriculum of physical education in the elementary school are as follows ; First, by the standard of objective classification of nine scholars as Bloom, Bucher, Barrow and so on, we can understand same distribution of term statement about psychomotor, cognitive and affective domain, this shows a unity of objectives of physical education in the seventh curriculum of physical education. The standard of objective classification as Nash, Stoodley, Brownell & Hagman, Hetherington, Irwin, Willgoose, etc. shows same term distribution, and this reflects the character of synthetic subject which shares functional, scholastic, prescriptive character of the seventh curriculum of physical education. Second, in the analytical conclusion by the standard of classification of Bloom, the terms stated best are basic exercise of psychomotor domain, exercise method of cognitive domain and exercise function of psychomotor domain. Many term distributions in the 'basic exercise' of psychomotor domain are because of the seventh curriculum of physical education in the elementary school setting the basic in the moving education simulation, and emphasize a method and function of exercise to take shape various moving desire of students. In the analytical conclusion by the standard of classification of Bucher, the terms stated best are a motor function of developmental domain of exercise, a basic exercise of developmental domain of exercise, a method of exercise of cognitive domain. The seventh curriculum of physical education in the elementary school is based on moving education simulation, and show up many term distributions about 'motor function' and 'basic exercise' of developmental domain of exercise. The method of exercise is emphasized to take shape various physical activity and moving desire. In the analytical conclusion by the standard of classification of Barrow, the terms stated best are a understanding about the health of cognitive developmental domain and principal of good physical motion exercise, sports' function of developmental domain of psychological exercise and attitude of social developmental domain. The subordinate objectives of the seventh curriculum of physical education in the elementary school emphasize a motor function that participate actively to various exercise, and improve sports function with a background about understanding of principal of health and good physical moving exercise to improve physical strength and psychological health, and emphasize desirable motor attitudes. In the analytical conclusion by the standard of classification and purpose process curriculum framework(PPCF), the terms stated best are conquest of environment, social interaction and individual developmental domain, and each conceptional element has same distribution so as character prescribed in the seventh curriculum of physical education, don't emphasize only one domain, cognition or affective domain but pursuit external value, that is, realization of moving and healthy preservation and improvement, affective refinement, social cultivation through physical education in the elementary school to contribute to improve quality for life of the human. Third, the conclusions of comparison and analysis about the sixth curriculum and the seventh curriculum of physical education are nearly same, but the seventh curriculum is presented to nation common basic of physical education curriculum bounding elementary, secondary school. And the 'method' section is divided a teaching & learning method and a standard of textbook's development and discussion, and the standard of textbook's development and discussion that undertakes a important responsibility to practice of curriculum was presented newly. The contents are organized by objective and affective domain.

기니픽에서 Salicylate에 의한 유발이음향방사의 변화

박찬일,장재웅,신광철,이오영 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1999 충남의대잡지 Vol.26 No.2

A Reversible hearing loss and tinnitus have been known resulting from large doses or longterm use of salicylate. The exact cause of salicylate ototoxicity is unknown. Cochlear electrophysiology and otoacoustic emission studies suggest that the drug may interfere with outer hair cell clectromotility. The changes in transiently evoked otoacoustic emission(TEOAEs) were observed in guinea pigs after the intramuscular injection of salicylate(150, 300, 450 mg/kg). TEOAEs decreased slowly after the injection salicylate in a dose-dependent manner. Absence of echo response was detected 3 hours after the injection of 300mg/kg in 2 of 5 guinea pigs, 2 hours after the injection of 450mg/kg in 3 of 6 guinea pigs, 3 hours after the injection of 450mg/ kg in 3 of 6 guinea pigs. Echo response returned to control level in 6 hours after injection of 300mg/kg, in 7 hours after infection of 450 mg/kg. Findings support that salicylate affect electromotility of outer hair cells.

소음 노출 남성 근로자에서의 청력저하와 혈청 마그네슘의 관련성

박완섭,이종영,정상재,유재영,최태성,홍성철,노성찬 大韓産業醫學會 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.1

목적 : 본 연구는 소음에 노출된 남자 근로자를 대상으로 장기간 소음 폭로가 혈청 마그네슘의 농도와 관련이 있는지를 검정하고 이러한 혈청 마그네슘의 농도가 또한 청력저하와 관련이 있는지를 파악하기 위하여 수행되었다. 방법 : 소음에 노출되는 178명의 연구대상자를 청력저하의 정도에 따라 세 그룹으로 분류하고, 구조화된 설문, 신체계측, 혈액검사 등으로 청력저하에 대한 감수성 요인과 혈청 마그네슘 등을 수집하고 측정하였으며, 대상자들의 청력 역치를 측정하기 위하여 청력검사를 실시하였다. 결과 : 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫재, 청력저하에 관련된 개인의 감수성 인자라고 알려진 변수인 흡연유무, 나이, 혈압, 헤마토크리트, 콜레스테롤, 혈당 중에서 나이, 이완기 혈압이 단순분석에서 세 그룹간에 차이가 있었고(p〈0.05), 혈청 마그네슘의 농도 또한 세 그룹간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으며(p〈0.05) 청력저하가 심할수록 혈청 마그네슘 농도는 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 둘째, 그룹간의 소음 노출력은 차이가 있었지만 (p〈0.05) 청력보호구 착용상태에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 셋째, 혈청 마그네슘 농도에 영향을 줄 수 있는 변수인 소음 노출 기간, 마그네슘 함량이 많은 음식의 섭취정도, 스트레스 수준 중에서 소음 노출기간이 혈청 마그네슘 농도와 유의한 상관관계를 보였고(p〈0.05) 노출기간이 길수록 마그네슘의 혈청농도는 낮아지는 경향을 나타내었다. 넷째, 주파수별로 청력저하와 관련된 감수성 요인들에 대한 다중회귀분석 결과 주파수 1,000 Hz에서는 연령이 좌,우측 귀 모두에서 유의한 변수로 채택되었으며 (p〈0.05), 연령이 증가할수록 청력저하가 심해지는 경향을 보였고, 주파수 4,000 Hz에서는 확장기 혈압, 소음 노출 기간, 혈청 마그네슘 등이 청력저하에 대한 감수성 요인으로 채택되었으며(p(0.05), 이완기 혈압이 높을수록, 소음노출 기간이 길수록, 혈청 마그네슘의 농도가 낮을수록 청력저하가 심해지는 것으로 나타났다. Objectivea : This study was conducted to investigate that the chronic noise exposure is associated with decreased serum magnesium concentrations and evaluate whether decreased serum magnesium is associated with noise induced hearing loss. Methods : One hundred seventy-eight male workers exposed to noise were selected and classified three groups by the degree of hearing loss. Hearing threshold levels were less than 30 dB at 1,000 Hz or less than 40 dB at 4,000 Hz In group I, more than 30 dB at 1,000 Hz or more than 40 dB at 4,000 Hz and 15 dB and less of pure tone average[PTA : (500 Hz+l,000 Hz+2,000 Hz)/3] in group II, more than 30 dB at 1,000 Hz or more than 40 dB at 4,000 Hz and over 15 dB of PTA in group III. Results : Serum magnesium concentrations were 2.42±0.26 mg/dl in group 1, 2.35±0.23 mg/dl in group n , 2.26±0.24 mg/dl in group II, respectively and significantly differ-ent between group I and group III (p〈0.01). It was negatively correlated with duration of the noise exposure as correlation coefficient (r) of -0.194 (p(0.05) . Analysis of the multipleregression on hearing threshold levels showed that serum magnesium, diastolic blood pres-sure, duration of the noise exposure were statistically significant at 4,000 Hz (p(0.05) . While only age was statistically significant at 7,000 Hz (p(0.05) . Conclusions : These results suggest that chronic noise exposure may induces decreasein serum magnesium concentrations and that its decreased concentration is related with noise induced hearing loss.