정신분열병과 22번 염색체 인터루킨-2 수용체 β-chain 유전자의 연관성

김용구,이민수,김 인,곽동일,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.3

연구배경 : 정신분열병이 유전적이라고 제시하는 많은 역학 연구와 유전자 연구에도 불구하고, 이 질환의 유전방식과 질병유전자는 밝혀져 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 정신분열병과 22번 염색체 장완의 11.2-12부위에 위치한 Interleukin-2수용체 β chain 유전자간에 유전적 연합을 조사하고자 정신분열병 환자 93명과 정상대조군 97명 대상으로 중합효소연쇄반응을 이용하여 Interleukin-2 수용체 β chain (IL-2Rβ) 유전자의 다형성 분포를 조사하였다. 연구방법 : 환자군은 DSM-Ⅲ-R 진단기준에 따라 임상아형(망상형, 붕괴형, 미붕괴형, 잔류형)으로 분류하였다. 음성 및 양성 정신분열병으로 분류하기위해 Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS)을 사용하였다. Genomic DNA를 전혈 임파구에서 추출한 후, IL-2Rβ 유전자좌를 분석하기 위해 dinucleotide(GT)n 염기배열순서를 중합효소연쇄반응을 이용하여 증폭시켰다. 연구결과 : IL-1Rβ의 대립유전자는 모두 8가지 종류이고, guanine-thymine의 반복된 149 염기쌍을 시작으로 151, 153, 155, 157, 159, 161, 163 염기쌍의 형태를 보였다. 정신분열병 환자군과 정상대조군간에 도형접합체 및 이형접합체 빈도의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 환자군과 정상대조군의 대립유전자 분포의 빈도는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 더욱이 각각의 대립유전자 분포에서도 양군간 유의한 차이는 없었다. 또한 동질의 아형으로 분류해 보기위해 임상아형, 양성 및 음성증상군, 가족력의 유무에 따라 비교적 동질적인 표현형을 가진 집단으로 나눈 후 대립유전자 분포를 비교해 보았으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결 론 : 본 연구에서는 Interleukin-2 수용체 β chain 유전자가 정신분열병의 병인론에 관련된다는 가설을 지지할 만한 긍정적 소견을 얻지 못했다. Background : While a significant genetic predisposition to schizophrenia has been proposed, the mode of inheritance or nature of etiological factors is unknown. Previous reports of a genome-wide survey for schizophrenia susceptibility genes have indicated a possible region of linkage on chromosome 22. In order to test the possibility that the interleukin-2 receptor β chain(IL-2Rβ) gene on chromosome 22 is of etiological importance in schizophrenia, a case-control association study was conducted. Methods : Subjects were ninety-three schizophrenic patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia by DSM-Ⅲ-R criteria and ninety-seven normal controls, Schizophrenic patients were divided by clinical phenotypes such as DSM-Ⅲ-R diagnostic subtypes, positive and negative symptoms, and family history so as to increase the homogeneity of schizophrenics. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood lymphocytes according to standard procedures. The DNA was used to study a dinucleotide repeat in the IL-2Rβ gene. To reveal the dinucleotide polymorphism. genomic DNA of subjects was amplified by polymerase chain reactions(PCR). Results : At the IL-2Rβ gene locus, all the previously reported alleles(eight different alleles) of a dinucleotide polymorphism were identified. There was no significant difference between number of heterozygosity in schizophrenic patients and in normal controls. There was no significant difference in the distribution of frequencies of alleles between schizophrenics and normal controls. In addition, there was no significant difference in the allele frequencies among subtypes of schizophrenic patients according to DSM-Ⅲ-R diagnostic subtypes, positive and negative symptoms, and family history. Conclusion : The present study did not detect a difference in frequencies of alleles of a dinucleotide polymorphism at the IL-2Rβ gene locus between schizophrenic patients and normal controls. These results do not supports an evidence that IL-2Rβ gene plays, a major role in the etiology of schizophrenia.

麻醉前處置劑 Flunt (Ro 5-4200)과 Meperidine HCI의 比較的 硏究

金庸樂,咸秉文,崔重立,郭一龍 한국의 현대의학사 1974 한국의 현대의학 Vol.7 No.1

표적세포의 Nitric oxide 합성이 LAK 세포의 세포독성에 대한 예민도에 미치는 영향

박성일,박주형,이치국,김신재,최보금,곽재용,임창열,Park, Sung Il,Park, Ju Hyung,Lee, Chi Kug,Kim, Shin Chae,Choi, Bo Geum,Kwak, Jae Yong,Yim, Chang Yeol 대한면역학회 2001 Immune Network Vol.1 No.2

Background: Nitric oxide (NO), a cytotoxic molecule is produced in various tissues including tumor cells during interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy . Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells are induced during IL-2 therapy, and have cytotoxic activity against tumor cells. The current study investigated the effects of NO synthesized in target cells or exposure of target cells to NO on the sensitivity of target cells to LAK cell cytotoxicity. Methods: Cytotoxicity was measured using 4 h chromium release assays. LAK cells which were induced by a 4 day incubation of BALB/c mouse splenocytes with IL-2 (6,000 IU/mL) were employed as effector cells. RD-995 skin tumor cells originated from a C3H/HeN mouse were employed as target cells. NO synthesis in target cells was induced by a 24 h incubation of RD-995 cells with $IFN{\gamma}$ (25 U/mL), TNF (50 U/mL) and IL-1 (20 U/mL). S-nitrosyl acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), an NO donor, was used to expose target cells to NO. $N^G$-monomethyl-L-arginine (MLA) and carboxy-PTIO were added during cytotoxicity assays to inhibit NO synthesis, and to scavenge NO produced by target cells, respectively. Results: Sensitivity of NO-producing RD-995 cells to LAK cell cytotoxicity was decreased by addition of MLA and carboxy-PTIO during cytotoxicity assays. However, the two reagents had no effect on the sensitivity of non-NO-producing RD-995 cells. Pretreatment of RD-995 target cells with SNAP increased the sensitivity in comparison with untreated cells. Conclusions: Sensitivity of target cells to LAK cell cytotoxicity is increased by target cell NO synthesis or exposure to NO. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether these in vitro results have relevance to in vivo phenomena.

알쯔하이머병의 단일 광전자 방출 뇌전산화 촬영에서 전형적인 유형과 관계를 보이는 요인

곽용태,한일우,방오영,박찬희,구민성 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.3

연구목적 : 최근 기능적 영상진단의 발전은 치매 환자의 진단에 많은 도움을 주고 있으며 이중 단일광자방출전산화단층촬영(SPECT ; single photon emission computed tomography)은 알쯔하이머 병의 특징적인 양측 두정측두엽의 혈류 감소를 보이므로 알쯔하이머 병의 진단에 많이 사용되어지고 있다. 본 연구는 알쯔하이머병의 SPECT 소견을 분석함으로써 알쯔하이머병의 진단에 있어서 SPECT 검사의 유용성 및 알쯔하이머병에서 전형적인 유형에 영향을 미치는 요인이 무엇인지를 규명한다. 방 법 : NINCDS-ADRDA진단 기준에 의거한 probable AD환자 26명을 대상으로 SPECT 검사를 시행하였으며 이중 14명은 전형적인 SPECT 소견을 보였으며 나머지 12명은 비전형적인 SPECT소견을 보였다. 치매의 정도는 Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)에 의하여 결정하였고 SPECT소견은 2명의 핵의학과 전문의의 합의에 의하여 정성적으로 판독하여 분석하였다. SPECT의 전형적인 소견과 연관이 있는 요소들을 확인하기 위하여 판별함수분석을 시행하였다. 결 과 : 알쯔하이머 환자에서 SPECT의 민감도는 53.8%이며, 조기 발병군의 경우에는 민감도가 76.9%이었다. 알쯔하이머의 전형적인 형태인 양측성 두정측두엽에 혈류량이 감소한 경우는 조기 발병군에서 유의하게 관찰되었으며, 이외에 이환기간, 교육정도, 성,병의 진행정도, 아포지단백E등은 유의한 연관성이 없었다. 결 론 : SPECT검사의 민감도는 높지 않으나 이를 조기 발병군에서만 적용하였을 경우 그 임상적 유용성이 높을 것으로 생각되며 조기 발병군에서 SPECT검사의 민감도가 만기 발병군에 비하여 유의하게 높은 것으로 보아 알쯔하이머병이 단일하지 않고 이질적인 집단의 증후군일 가능성이 높을 것으로 생각된다. 즉 SPECT검사가 알쯔하이머병의 진단뿐 아니라 병태생리적 기전의 이해에 도움이 될 것으로 생각되며 앞으로 정량화와 많은 중례를 확보하여 이에 대하여 좀더 규명할 필요가 있을 것으로 생각된다. Objectives : During the past few years, the development of functional brain imaging techniques has allowed to describe brain impairment in cognitive disorders. Among them, based on the observation of bilateral parietotemporal hypoperfusion in Alzheimer's disease(AD), single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) is advocated by some as powerful diagnostic tool in the evaluation of demented patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the usefulness of SPECT in the diagnosis of AD and to clarify the associated factors of parietotemporal hypoperfusion, the typical SPECT pattern of Alzheimer's disease(AD). Methods : We reviewed the SPECT scans of 26 patients fulfilling NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for probable AD, 14 with typical pattern of SPECT and 12 with atypical pattern of SPECT. Dementia severity was assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination. Inage interpretation was done visually by the consensus opinion of 2 experienced nuclear medicine physicians who were blind to clinical information. To estimate the association of typical pattern of SPECT with other variables of interest, discriminant function analysis was done. Results : Though the overall diagnostic sensitivity of SPECT in AD was 53.8%, it was 76.9%, in early-onset AD patients. Typical pattern of SPECT was more frequent in the patients with early onset on the symptoms. Duration of symptoms, duration of education, se, severity of disease was not associated with this SPECT pattern. Conclusion : These findings may be useful in the clinical setting and point to heterogeneity of AD according to age at onset.

진행마비에 대한 임상적 고찰

곽동일,김용진 大韓神經精神醫學會 1974 신경정신의학 Vol.13 No.3

Five cases of general paresis, who visited the Department of Neuro-psychiatry, Woo Sok Hospital, Korea University during last one year, presented and discussed in the view of their clinical characteristics and diagnostic problems. Then the following results and suggestions were obtained. 1. Three patients out of five cases were difficult to differentiate from manic-depressive psychosis or psychotic depression on the first psychiatric and neurological examinations. 2. Pupillary changes and convulsive episodes, previously reported as characteristic symptoms of general paresis, were not found in all of the cases. 3. One out of all their spouses showed positive reaction in the blood serological test. 4. Two out of five cases showed abnormal tracings in Electroencephalogram. 5. It was the author's impression that not only the primary syphilitics but also the general patretics was increasing in our country. 6. It is strongly recommended that those of patients over the age 30 manifesting major functional psychosis on the 1st psychiatric interview should have blood serological test as a routine examinations.

Halothane의 骨格筋收縮作用

郭一龍 全南大醫大 1968 전남의대학술지 Vol.5 No.1

응급실로 내원한 자살 시도자의 혈청 콜레스테롤 농도와 자살 심각도의 상관성

김용구,이헌정,이민수,곽동일 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.5

연구목적 : 혈청 콜레스테롤 농도의 저하 혹은 이의 치료가 자살, 폭력적 행동, 그리고 우울증과 관련이 있다는 역학적, 임상적 보고들이 대두되었다. 본 연구에서는 첫째, 자살시도후 응급실로 내원한 정신과 환자의 혈중 콜레스테롤 농도가 자살시도가 없었던 정신과 입원환자 혹은 정상대조군에 비하여 감소되어 있는지, 둘째, 진단별로 분류하였을 때 우울증, 정신분열증, 인격장애 환자사이에 유의한 차이가 있는지, 셋째, 자살 심각도와 혈청 콜레스테롤 농도간에 유의한 상관관계가 있는지를 알아보았다. 연구방법 : 1994년 1월부터 1997년 7월까지 자살시도후 응급실로 내원한 정신과 환자 102명을 연구대상군으로 하였으며, 동 기간에 본원 정신과에서 입원 치료를 받은 자살시도가 없었던 환자 중 대상군과 나이, 성별, 진단을 일치시킨 102명의 환자대조군과 무작위로 102명의 정상 대조군을 선택하였다. 자살시도자는 자살의 심각도에 따라 5단계군으로 분류하였다. 혈청 콜레스테롤 농도는 효소법에 의한 자동분석기로 측정되었다. 연구결과 : 자살시도 환자군이 자살시도가 없었던 환자군과 정상대조군에 비해 콜레스테롤 농도의 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. 진단적으로 구분해서 살펴보면, 우울증에서는 이런한 차이가 유의하였으나, 정신분열병과 인격장애에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 낮은 콜레스테롤 농도는 자살시도의 심각도와 유의한 상관관계를 나타내었다. 결 론 : 본 연구의 결과는 콜레스테롤 농도의 저하가 자살시도의 위험을 증가시킨다는 이전의 주장들을 지지 해주는 결과로 사료된다. 이러한 관련성이 정신분열병이나 인격장애에서는 없었으나, 우울증에서만 있었다. 이는 낮은 콜레스테롤 농도와 자살행동사이의 연관성이 우울증에서 보이는 생물학적 기전과 관련이 있을 가능성을 제기하고 있다. 우울증에서 콜레스테롤 농도의 저하는 세로토닌, 인터루킨-2 그리고 멜라토닌 대사와 관련될 수 있다. Objectives : Epidemiological and clinical studies have suggested that low cholesterol levels or clinical trials to reduce cholesterol concentrations may be associated with suicide, violent behavior or depression. The aim of the present study was to determined ⅰ) whether suicidal psychiatric patients is characterized by decreased serum cholesterol concentration ;ⅱ) whether significant difference of cholesterol levels might be present according to the psychiatric diagnosis, and ⅲ) whether significant association between suicide severity and cholesterol levels might be present. Method : The subjects were 102 psychiatric patients who were admitted to emergency ward following an attempted suicide during the period from January 1994 to July 1997 and 102 age, and sex matched psychiatric controls who were consecutively admitted to a psychiatric ward during the same period, and 102 age, sex matched healthy normal controls. The suicide attempters were divided into 5 grades according to the suicide severity. Serum cholesterol concentrations were measured by a enzymatic method. Results : The serum cholesterol level in suicidal attempters were found to be significantly lower compared with both psychiatric and normal controls. This significant relationship between suicidal attempt and low cholesterol level was observed only in depressive patients, but not in schizophrenics or personality disorder patients. Low cholesterol was significantly associated with the severity of the suicide. Conclusions : These results support the previous finding that low cholesterol level might be associated with an increased risk of suicide. The fact that the significant relationship was observed only in depressive disorder, but not in schizophrenia or personality disorder raises the possibility that the association between low serum cholesterol and suicidal behavior may have relevance to biological mechanisms in depression. It is hypothesized that low cholesterol levels would be associated with depression by modifying the serotonin, the production of interleukin-2 and melatonin metabolism.

21個 非對稱中心點群의 等價逆格子點

徐日煥,秋錦洪,李珍昊,朴晶蘭,郭相姬,金文執,李正秀,申容賢 충남대학교 자연과학연구소 1994 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.21 No.2

32개 點群은 中心對稱(centrosymmetric)을 갖는 11가지 點群(Laue群)과 21個의 非對稱中心(noncentrosymmetric)點群으로 이루어졌다. 本 硏究에서는 21個 非對稱中心點群 各各의 等價回折面(等價逆格子點)들을 誘導하였다. The thirty two point groups consist of eleven Laue groups (centrosymmetric point groups) and twenty one noncentrosymmteric point groups. In this paper, the reciprocal lattice points equivalent under the operations of 21 noncentrosymmetric point groups are derived.

THE EFFECT OF CONTROLLED RESPIRATION (POSITIVE-ATMOSPHERIC AND POSITIVE-NEGATIVE) UPON THE INTRACTANIAL PRESSURE

KWAK, IL YONG 醫藥係社 1962 綜合 醫學 Vol.7 No.2

Cytoprotective Effects of Docosyl Cafferate against tBHP-Induced Oxidative Stress in SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cells

( Yong Jun Choi ),( Eun Bee Kwak ),( Jae Won Lee ),( Yong Suk Lee ),( Il Young Cheong ),( Hee Jae Lee ),( Sung Soo Kim ),( Myong Jo Kim ),( Yong Soo Kwon ),( Wan Joo Chun ) 한국응용약물학회 2011 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.19 No.2

Neuronal cell death is a common characteristic feature of a variety of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer`s disease and Parkinson`s disease. However, there have been no effective drugs to successfully prevent neuronal death in those diseases. In the present study, docosyl cafferate (DC), a derivative of caffeic acid, was isolated from Rhus verniciflua and its protective effects on tBHP-induced neuronal cell death were examined in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Pretreatment of DC signify cantly attenuated tBHP-induced neuronal cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. DC also significantly suppressed tBHP-induced caspase-3 activation. In addition, DC restored tBHP-induced depletion of intracellular Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family. Furthermore, DC signifi cantly suppressed tBHP-induced degradation of IKB, which retains NF-kB in the cytoplasm, resulting in the suppression of nuclear translocation of NF-kB and its subsequent activation. Taken together, the results clearly demonstrate that DC exerts its neuroprotective activity against tBHP-induced oxidative stress through the suppression of nuclear translocation of NF-kB.