이동 애드 혹 네트워크에서 QoS를 지원하는 AODV 라우팅 프로토콜

吳世德,趙榮泰,丁燦赫,金玄郁,李光培,姜景仁,朴京培,文泰洙,郭承郁,河載承 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 2003 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.22 No.-

Abstract - In this paper, we propose a bidirectional mobile Ad Hoc routing protocol based on AODV(ad-hoc on-demand distance victor routing) with QoS(quality of service) support. At presence, wireless mobile communication focuses on how to efficiently support mobility of users more than QoS guarantee. However, in order to satisfy requirement of various applications which have been or will be served, QoS guarantee between end point is a very important issue. The existing AODV routing protocol is implemented to use only BE (Best Effort) service. However, actual wireless mobile environment requires to reduce a waste of communication resources and meet with the real-time change of data paths by setting up routes with QoS support, considering available communication resources at each node in advance. Therefore, in this thesis, we propose an adaptive QoS support method using hello message in order to rapidly meet with the change of available communication resources and to smoothly perform route maintenance. For performance evaluation, we analyzed the average date reception rate. At that time, we used evaluation parameters such as node's mobility -stop time, hello message period, and packet priority, considering the node's mobility and the number of best effort/QoS data flows. As results, we found that with our proposed method the average data reception rate was increased 16.3% for 0 mobility-stop second case and 4.7% for 300 mobility-stop second case.

2-셀 간섭 모델을 이용한 MLC 낸드플래시의 신뢰성 개선

오현수, 전중남 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신연구소 2013 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.21 No.1

한 셀에 여러 비트의 정보를 저장하는 MLC 낸드플래시는 한 셀에 한 비트만 저장하는 SLC보다 비트 에러율이 더 높다. 에러를 유발하는 주요 요인은 CCI(Cell-to-Cell Interference)이다. 이 논문은 CCI를 보정할 목적으로 2-셀 간섭 모델을 기반 으로 하는 신뢰성 개선 알고리즘을 제안한다. MLC 낸드플래시의 피해자 셀의 전압은 여덟 개의 주변 셀의 전압에 영향을 받 는다. 그 중에서 아래와 오른쪽 인접 셀의 전압으로 인한 피해자 셀의 전압 변화가 가장 크고, 아래의 인접 셀은 홀수 페이지 의 셀의 전압 변화에 가장 큰 영향을 준다. 이 논문은 주변 셀의 전압에 따른 피해자 셀의 전압 변화량을 LUT(Lookup Table)로 관리하고, 이에 따라 피해자 셀의 전압을 보상함으로써 오류 발생률을 개선하는 전압 레벨 등화기를 구현한다. 이 방법은 기존에 사용되던 방법에 비하여 구조가 간단하여 실제 디바이스에 적용이 가능하다. 채널분석기를 이용하여 제안한 방 법의 성능을 분석한 결과 평균적으로 23.5806% 오류 발생률이 감소하였다. MLC (Multi-Level Cell) NAND flash chips have a tendency to generate more bit errors than SLC (Single Level Cell). The primary source of error is CCI (Cell-to-Cell Interference). This paper proposes a reliability enhancement algorithm of MLC NAND flash based on two-cell interference model to compensate the CCI. The voltage level of a victim cell in NAND flash is influenced by the voltage level of its eight neighbor cells. It is known that the bottom and right cells importantly affect the voltage level of its victim cell resulting in voltage shifting. Due to the programming sequence of NAND flash cells, the voltage level of even page cells are mainly affected by bottom and right neighbor cells, and that the voltage level of odd page cells are mainly affected by their bottom cells. This paper proposes a voltage level equalizer using LUT (Look-Up Table) that stores the amount of voltage changes and compensates the voltage level of victim cells. The proposed algorithm is verified using the block test data of 20n, 26n, and 32n MLC NAND flash. The experiment result shows that the bit error rates are reduced 23.58 % compared to the original data.

치과용 심미 수복 재료들의 색상 연구를 통한 새로운 치과용 색체계의 제안

오윤정,박수정,김동준,조현구,황윤찬,오원만,황인남 대한치과보존학회 2007 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.32 No.1

본 연구는 새로운 치과용 색체계 개발을 목적으로 현재 치과에서 사용되고 있는 Vita shade를 사용하는 9 제조사의 12종의 광중합형 복합레진과 1종의 치과용 도재의 색상을 diffuse/8° 수광 방식을 사용하는 분광색체계 (MiniScan XE plus, Model 4000S, Hunter Lab, USA)를 이용해 D65 표준광과 10도 관찰자 시야 하에서 CIE L^(*)a^(*)b^(*) 값을 측정하고 색상 범위를 분석하였다. 분석한 정보를 color sorting system을 응용한 CNU Cons Dental Color Chart의 색상 표현 방식인 T###에 치과용 수복 재료들의 범위를 적용하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 측정된 L^(*)a^(*)b^(*)값의 분포를 분석해 보면 L^(*)값은 80.40과 52.70 사이에, a^(*)값은 10.60과-3.60 사이에, 그리고 b^(*)값은 28.40과 2.21 사이에 분포한다. L^(*)값의 평균값은 67.40, 중앙값은 67.30이며, a^(*)값은 2.89와 2.91, b^(*)값은 14.30 과 13.90 이다. 이러한 분석을 토대로 CNU Cons Dental Color Chart의 T###의 첫 번째 숫자에 해당하는 L^(*)값의 각 숫자간의 차이는 2.0으로, 그리고 2번째 숫자인 a^(*)값의 각 숫자간의 차이는 1, 그리고 세 번째 숫자인 b^(*)값의 각 숫자간의 차이는 2로 정하였다. T555에 해당하는 L^(*)값의 범위는 66.0이상, 68.0미만으로, a^(*)값의 범위는 3이상 4미만으로, b^(*)값의 범위는 14이상 16미만으로 결정하였다. The purpose of this study is to develope new dental color-space system. Twelve kinds of dental composites and one kind of dental porcelain were used in this study. Disk samples (15 ㎜ in diameter, 4 ㎜ in thickness) of used materials were made and sample’s CIE L^(*)a^(*)b^(*) value was measured by Spectrocolorimeter (MiniScan XE plus, Model 4000S, diffuse/8° viewing mode, 14.3 ㎜ Port diameters, Hunter Lab. USA). The range of measured color distribution was analyzed. All the data were applied in the form of T### which is expression unit in CNU Cons Dental Color Chart. The value of L^(*) lies between 80.40 and 52.70. The value of a^(*) are between 10.60 and 3.60 and b^(*) are between 28.40 and 2.21. The average value of L^(*) is 67.40, and median value is 67.30. The value of a^(*) are 2.89 and 2.91 respectively. And for the b^(*), 14.30 and 13.90 were obtained. The data were converted to T### that is the unit count system in CNU-Cons Dental Color Chart. The value of L^(*) is converted in the first digit of the numbering system. Each unit is 2.0 measured values. The second digit is the value of a^(*) and is converted new number by 1.0 measured value. For the third digit b^(*) is replaced and it is 2.0 measured unit apart. T555 was set to the value of L^(*) ranging from 66.0 to 68.0, value of a^(*) ranging from 3 to 4 and b^(*) value ranging from 14 to 16.

<逸周書> 「王會解」篇의 성서 시기 연구:「王會解」篇 中 ‘成周之會’ 관련 원전의 성서 시기

오현수 釜山大學校 韓國民族文化硏究所 2013 한국민족문화 Vol.46 No.-

The research conducted until now considered only WanghuiJie, Yizhoushu, in a point of view that it is a tribe of the Gojoseon which is the Weimo. But because Shanrong and donghu were mentioned in this chapter, I can not relate it to the Gojoseon before 1100 B.C. Yet in other parts, the Wei tribe and the Mo tribe existed in Western Zhou, this is why the Wei and the Mo are found in the gold letters of Western Zhou. Additionally, the Hanhu ruled the Wei tribe and the Mo tribe in Hebei during the Western Zhou dinasty. At that time, the Wei tribe and the Mo tribe were probaly unified but we can not call them "Gojoseon". Zhaogong Shi received Yan as a fief in the early Western Zhou dinasty, since then Yanhu considered the Wei tribe and the Mo tribe as a part of the north-eastern area of the Yan State. Therefore the Yan State understood northeastern state as a part of the Wei and the Mo tribe. Since then China expanded its realm to the northeast, they recognized the Liaoning as a part of the Weimo tribe. 『일주서』는 서주~한대에 걸쳐 광범위한 시간 범위속에서 성서되었다. 특히 「왕회해」편은 서주 성왕 시기 서주가 주최한 회합에 예와 맥이 독자적으로 참가하고 있는 듯이 기재하였다. 고조선의 종족적 실체가 예맥이라는 전제하에서, 서주대의 예족과 맥족을 언급하는 「왕회해」편의 ‘성주지회’ 조문은 오랜 주목을 받아 왔다. 그러나 「왕회해」편에 대한 사료 맥락적 분석을 시도한 바, 이는 서주대의 역사적 사실이 아니라, 전국시대 초반의 상황을 서주대로 소급시켜 적용한 결과로 볼 수 있게 되었다. 그러한 근거로 성주지회에 참가하는 북방 외족들이 역사적으로 등장하는 시기가 서주대보다 훨씬 후대라는 점을 제시할 수 있다. 산융ㆍ영지ㆍ고죽ㆍ도하 등은 춘추시대에, 동호는 전국시대 연나라의 동북쪽에 존재했던 외방 세력이었다. 그러므로 성주지회 조문은 서주대의 역사적 사실의 기록이라기 보다는 후대의 윤색된 창작물일 가능성이 높다. 특히 동호의 예는 「왕회해」편의 성서 연대가 최소 전국시대 개시 이후라는 것을 말해 준다. 한편 예족은 산동성~하북성~요령성 등, 환발해의 연안에서 존재했던 고대 동방 종족의 한 갈래였다. 그리고 맥족은 섬서성ㆍ산서성의 북쪽 지역과 하북성ㆍ요령성 등에 거주했던 북방 세력에 대한 범칭이었다. 서주 초기 소공 석은 하북성 남부 지역을 연나라로 분봉받는데, 이후 연나라는 동북방 세력인 예족과 맥족이 한후에 의해 통치되던 상황과 맞딱뜨렸을 것이다. 그러므로 서주 연나라는 동북방 외족으로 예와 맥을 관련된 종족으로 보고, 이러한 과정에서 서주의 동북방 비중원계 외족에 대한 관념이 예맥으로 고정되었을 것이다. 이후 중원 세력이 하북성 지역을 강역화하면서, 동북쪽의 외방인들이었던예ㆍ맥에 대한 관념 또한 동북쪽으로 더 확대되어 예맥족으로 고정되었을 것이다. 이러한 점은 ‘예맥’의 용례가 전한대를 시대 배경으로 하여 요동 지역의 종족에 대응하여 등장하는 상황과 정확히 일치한다. 그런데 성주지회 조문에는 서주대에 예인(예족)과 발인(맥족)이 분립되어 나온다. 그리고 예맥 연칭의 관념은 전국시대 후기 연장 진개의 동북방 정벌 이후에 생겨난 것으로 보인다. 그러므로 성주지회 조문의 성서 시점은 대체로 전국시대 초반, 즉 기원전 5~4세기 경으로 한정할 수 있다. 이에 따라서 『일주서』 「왕회해」편을 기초로 하여 서주 초기 고조선의 역사성 혹은 고조선의 종족적 실체로 간주되는 예맥족을 논한 기왕의 견해들은 재고의 필요가 있다.

흰쥐 망막의 신경원에서 GABA와 Glycine의 공존

손욱현,오수자,김인범,천명훈,정진웅 대한해부학회 1997 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.30 No.6

SSD 제어기를 위한 MLC NAND 플래시 테스트 베드 구현

오현수, 전중남 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신연구소 2012 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.20 No.1

MLC (Multi-Level Cell) NAND flash chips are used in implementing the high-capacity SSD (Solid State Drive) and the research to overcome the instability of MLC type NAND flash is ongoing. A test bed to analyze the stress characteristics of NAND flash can help to increase the stability of SSD. This paper discusses the implementation of an MLC NAND Flash test bed. This test bed is composed of internal registers, timing generators, state machines, signal generators and NAND Flash interface. The developed NAND Flash test bed can be utilized to analyze the error patterns and to invent the error correction algorithm to improve performance of SSD controller. keywords : NAND flash, Cell-to-cell interference, State machine

소요동력 절감을 위한 트랙터용 로타리 커버의 개발

오종진,김기대,이현동,김찬수,김성환,나건영 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2002 농업과학연구 Vol.29 No.2

본 연구에서는 로타리 경운작업시 흙 부착이 가장 많이 되고 소요동력에 큰 영향을 미치는 로타리 커버 내측에 흙이 부착되는 것을 방지하여 경운 소요동력의 절감에 기여할 수 있는 로타리 커버를 개발하는데 목적이 있으며, 그 구체적인 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 본 연구의 수행을 위하여 트랙터의 로타리 경운소요동력을 측정하고자 트랙터 PTO축과 로타리 동력 입력축을 연결하는 PTO 동력 전달축을 이용하여 로타리 경운 소요동력 측정장치를 설계, 제작하였다. 2. 로타리에 장착한 흙부착 방지장치의 재질로는 스테인리스 스틸, 고무, PE 등을 사용하였다. 흙부착 방지장치 장착 로타리를 이용하여 로타리 경운시험을 통한 경운 소요동력을 측정한 결과 평균 일반 로타리는 52.18ps, 스테인리스 스틸재질 장착 로타리는 52.44ps, 고무재질 장착 로타리는 49.01ps, 그리고 PE재질 장착 로타리는 46.34ps의 소요동력을 나타냈다. 3. 흙부착 방지장치 장착 로타리를 이용하여 로타리 경운시험 후 부착된 흙의 양을 조사한 결과 평균 일반 로타리는 5.6㎏, 스테인리스 스틸재질 장찰 로타리는 5.7㎏, 고무재질 장착 로타리는 3.1㎏, 그리고 PE재질 장착 로타리는 2.7㎏으로 나타났다. 4. 실험결과를 토대로 유의수준 5%의 모평균 차에 의한 검정으로 분석해본 결과 스테인리스 스틸재질의 경우 흙부착 방지효과가 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 고무와 PE재질의 경우에 방지 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그 중 PE 재질이 소요동력과 흙부착 방지에 각각 11%, 52%의 감소효과가 있어 소요동력 감소 및 흙부착 방지 효과가 탁월한 것으로 나타났다. This study aims at investigating the realities of tractor rotary tilling and paving operations performed by farm families in the central part of the country, measuring the power requirement so as to find the energy-saving factors for tractor rotary tilling, and designing a device to prevent soil adherence to the inside of the rotary cover-this part is the most subject to soil adherence and affects the power requirement. As a result of rotary tilling tests using rotaries equipped with a soil adherence preventer, the power requirement values were measured to be 52.18, 52.44, 49.01 and 46.34 PS for general, stainless steel, rubber and PE rotaries, and as a results of measurement of the quantities of the sod adhered to rotaries after their tilling tests, on the average, the quantities were measured to be 5.6, 5.7, 3.1 and 2.7㎏ for general, stainless steel, rubber and PE rotaries, respectively. The PE rotary cover reduced the power requirement and soil adherence by 11 and 52%, respectively.

주거지역에 따른 남·여 중학생의 체격 및 체력 발달추이

최현주,오수일 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所 2004 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.27

The purpose of this study was to provide basic information to physical educators. at fields by investigating developmental change at physique and physical fitness of male/female middle school from 1st grade to 3rd grade students from 4 type of residential areas at Gangwondo (urban/rural/sea/mine area), and by confirming the reasons of change through analysis of BMI tendency. The subject was selected as appointing each 100 persons of male/female middle school 3rd students randomly from 4 areas, and performed analysis about the developmental difference according to subject's residential area and the increase ratio according to grades based on data from health record, then also examined BMI. Average/standard deviation of male/female physique & physiacal fitness was calculated respectively as well as in creased amount with collected data, and two-way ANOVA analysis was performed to compare physique and physical fitness. one-way ANOVA analysis was also performed to examine difference per residential area according to grades in case a correlation was observed between grades and residential area. The conclusions is as follows; 1. In the matter of male students, height , weight, chest, sitting height and fatness at urban area showed the highest value, and weight of rural area, height of sea area, chest of mine area showed lower value respectively. Amount of annual increase of height and weight was observed significantly from 1st grade to 2nd grade than from 2nd grade to 3rd grade, and male students of urban area showed highest value among overall school years. Chest of rural area showed the highest increase degree from 2nd grade to 3rd grade th from 1st grade to 2nd grade while no significance was onserved among school years at sitting height except slight decrease tendency as promotion to higher school year. Fatness in urban area showed the highest value for all school years with many cases of over-weight among 4 areas that indicates fatness is arising according to increase of weight and height. 2. In the matter of female students, no significance was observed at heigh, weight, chest according to their residential area, and amount of increase of weight and sitting height even decreased as promotion while mine area showed the highest degree of increase. No significant different was also found at fatness according to residential areas while 1st grad at sea are, 2nd grade at mine area and 3rd grade at urban/mine area showed higher frequency at over-weight case. 3. In the matter of male students, much higher record of 50m sprint was observed at rural/mine area, and the record of mine area increased most significantly as promotion. Overall tendency of increase was found as promotion at total area, and annual development decreased as being 2nd grade except urban area in which high improvement was observed. Similar feature was found at sit-up and urban area showed higher improvemendt of 2nd grade and 3rd grad. Mine area showed high record of standing long jump at 1st grade and 2ne grade while rural area shoued the highest impromement from 1st grade to 3rd grade. 1st grade of urban area, 2nd grade of rural area and 3rd grade of mine area showed high record at sit-stretching, and the highest improvement was observed at mine area from 1st grade to 3rd grad. Continuous improvement was found at running/walking long according promotion as 1st grade/3rd grade at sea area and senior at mine area showed the highest record respectively. 4. In the matter of female students, there was no significance at 50m sprint according to residential area as well as at degree of improvement by promotion. 1st grade of urban area, 2nd grade of sea area and 3rd grade of mine area showed the greatest record at 50m sprint. Hang-down record of rural area and sit-up record of urban area showed the highest one among whole school years respectively. The highest improvement degree from 1st grade to 3rd grade at standing long jump was found at ural/mine area. General improvement as promotion at sit-stretfhing was record at running /walking long while 3rd grade of rural area showed high one. It was observed that the record is decreasing according to promotion.

油菜의 酸處理에 따른 脂肪組成의 變化

朴賢洙,吳成基 慶熙大學校 1987 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

Rapeseed was treated with sulfuric acid solution for the purpose of removing glucosinolates, and changes in the fats and other compositions were examined. Four varieties of rapeseed were ground to 20-mesh, and each of those ground and intact varieties was treated with each of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 N-sulfuric acid solutions at 99±1℃ for 9 hours. Changes in the amounts of glucosinolates, total lipids, fatty acids and other compositions such as crude ash, crude protein, crude fiber and carbohydrates were measured. The recovery ratio of materials before ad after the acid treatment was 90%. The higher the acid concentration, the lower the recovery ratio. The content of glucosinolates and other compositions was significantly decreased with an increase of acid concentration, and the optical density of ground material was higher than that of the intact. Polar and nonpolar lipid contents were distinctively decreased when treated with 0.5N acid solution. Acid treatment did not give significant change in the fatty acid contents of crude oils and nonpolar lipids, whereas it slightly increased the content of desirable fatty acids.

교사와 지역주민의 의식조사를 배경으로 한 초등학교 복합화 계획방향에 관한 연구

이현수,오세규 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.19 No.11

This study aimes to suggest the validity and the basis of complex facilities in the elementary schools, and to propose the direction of effective complex facilities considering the requirements of residents, and necessities for education of students. As contents of analysis in this study, the conclusion obtained is as follows. In positiveness about complex, There are significant differences according to the density of population, earning, an age group, and existence/non-existence of regional facilities. As a result of investigation about validity, it agreed in low rate on the negatives about non-effectiveness of work and cost of maintenance, but it was totally positive in the complex effect. In a summery on a basis of contents on research analysis, the present elementary schools were not recognized as central facilities in the community. And as a solution about that, the plan of complex in the school facilities was considered as a method to increase the quality of students' lesson, to elevate the level of residents' welfare, and executing the lifelong education.