만성정신질환자의 계속입원치료 심사에 관한 연구

정인원,박환규,정연복,김수일,원구연,김교형,신철진 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.6

연구목적: 정신보건법에 근거하여 매월 정기적으로 개최된 충청북도 정신보건심판위원회를 통하여 정신질환자의 계속입원치료 청구 심사의 현황과 문제점을 파악하고 개선사항을 지적함으로써 정신질환자의 효율적인 관리를 유도하고 인권남용의 여지를 차단하고자 한다. 방 법: 충청북도 내의 정신의료기관에서 계속입원치료 심사청구서 및 진단서, 보호의무자의 동의서 등을 제출한 정신질환자들을 대상으로 계속입원치료 청구에 대한 승인 여부를 매달 정기적으로 심사하였다. 1년 6개월여동안 심사한 자료를 정리하여 진단 및 보호의무자, 의료보장별 특성과 불승인률 등을 분석하였다. 결 과: 충청북도 심판위원회에 계속입원치료를 청구한 정신질환자는 21차례의 위원회 동안 총 7,981명이었으며, 진단별로 정신분열병은 80.9%, 알콜중독은 8.1%, 치매 등 기타는 11.0%이었다. 또한 보호의무자는 시장 또는 군수가 29.8%, 부모가 26.9%, 형제가 26.1%, 부부가 6.3%, 자녀가 5.9%, 기타가 5.0%로 나타났으며, 의료보장은 의료보호가 73.0%, 의료보험이 27.0%이었다. 이들 중에서 196명이 계속입원치료를 불승인받아서 전체 불승인률은 2.46%이었으며 정신분열병과 알콜중독 환자의 진단별 불승인률은 각각 0.73%와 17.6%이었다. 결 론: 정신과 병상의 대부분이 장기적으로 입원하는 만성 정신질환자들로 구성되어 있어서 이들에 대한 별도의 대책이 시급하다. 또한 계속입원치료가 불승인되어 퇴원한 환자들의 재활 및 사회적응을 위한 사회적 지지 체계가 부족하며, 특히 환자의 인권보호를 위한 구체적인 기준 등이 필요하다. Objectives: This study was to develop effective managements and to avoid the abuse of human rights in mentally-ill patients. The Mental Health Judgement Board of Chungchongbuk-do province has been held monthly since August, 1997 according to the Mental Health Act. In this study, the procedures and the problems of judging continuing hospitalization of chronic mentally-ill patients were reviewed. Methods: The mentally-ill patients who submitted the request for continuing hospitalization with the certificate of charged doctor and the agreement of caregiver were reviewed by the Mental Health Judgement Board of Chungchongbuk-do province. The analysis of the diagnoses, caregivers, medical care systems, and rejection rate for the patients were done. Results: Total mumber of mentally-ill patients who requested for continuing hospitalization were 7,981 from twenty-one monthly meetings. The diagnostic distributions were 80.9% for schizophrenic patients, 8.1% for alcoholics and 11.0% for others including dementia. As for the caretakers, the rate of majors was 29.8%, parents 26.9%, sibling 26.1%, spouse 6.3%, offspring 5.9%, and others 5.0%. And 73.0% of the patients were on Medicaid and 27.0% were insured. The patients who got the rejection for continuing hospitalization were 196 at the rate of 2.46%. And the rejection rates of schIzophrenic and alcoholic patients were 0.73% and 17.6%, respectively. Conclusions: New policies for decreasing longterm hospitalization of chronic mentally-ill patients are required. And the social support systems for psychiatric rehabilitation and readjustment are presently insufficient for the already discharged mentally-ill. Moreover, the practical guidelines for human rights of patients remains to be suggested.

미소원공결함을 갖는 자동차 전륜구동 축재의 피로수명 예측

이동길,오환교,정재강 朝鮮大學校 機械技術硏究所 1998 機械技術硏究 Vol.1 No.1

본 연구에서는 현재 생산되고 있는 자동차의 전륜 구동축재료 S43C와 S50C를 대상으로 회전굽힘피로시험을 통해 고주파열처리와 온도조건에 따른 피로크랙 전파거동을 고찰하고, Nisitani가 제안한 역학적 변수에 의해 재료상수를 구한 후 그 적용성을 검토해 보았다. 비열처리재 S43C 및 S50C의 피로한도는 각각 98.1MPa, 107.9MPa이었으며, 열처리재는 각각 147.1MPa, 156.9MPa로서 열처리 후 두 재료 모두 피로한도가 약 49MPa씩 증가하였으며, 저온(-30℃)에서의 피로수명은 상온(25℃)에서보다 두 재료 모두 비열처리재는 약 110%, 열처리재는 약 120% 증가하였다. 또한 본 재료에 실험으로부터 얻어진 재료상수를 Nisitani의 피로크랙전파속도 예측식에 적용하여 피로수명을 예측한 결과 고주파 열처리 여부와 실험온도 조건에 관계없이 약 5% 내외의 낮은 오차를 보이며 잘 일치함을 알았다. In this study, the rotary bending fatigue test was carried out with two kinds of materials, S43C and S50C, using in the front engine and front drive shaft of vehicle. The specimens were heat-treated by high frequency induction method and tested at +25℃ and -30℃ in order to look over the influence of the heat treatment and the temperatures. The mechanical factor, C(2a)p, proposed by Nisitani was employed in the present study to compare the results of fatigue life obtained from experiment and prediction. The fatigue limit of the as-received specimens S43C and S50C were 98.1MPa and 107.7MPa, and that of the heat-treated S43C and S50C were shown 147.1MPa and 156.9MPa respectably. It means that the fatigue limit was increased about 49MPa by high frequency heat treatment. Fatigue lifes of the specimens tested at low temperature(-30℃) showed about 110% for as-received, 120% for heat-treated higher than at room temperature(25℃). It was found the crack length at onset or final fracture tested at low temperature was shorter than the crack length at room temperature(+25℃). The fatigue lifes were predicted with an equation of the fatigue crack propagation proposed by Nisitani, d(da/dN)=C(2a)p, the results were found to be within 5.0% error by comparison with experimented results.

Vibrio vulnificus 감염증 4예

정환교(Hwan Gyo Chung),이종승(Chong Seong Lee),김광중(Kwang Joong Kim),이종주(Chong Ju Lee) 대한피부과학회 1986 대한피부과학회지 Vol.24 No.6

We recently noticed four cases of Vibrio(V.) vulnificus infection from July, 1985 to September, 1985. The V. vulnificus was isolated by culture from the necrotizirig skin bullae in three cases, blood culture in two cases, and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) in one case. The clinical characteristics of V. vulnificus infection in our cases was as follows: 1)All patients were men with their age over forties and the outbreak of the disease was during the summer season. 2) It was suspected that all patients had the previous hepatic problems. 3) The skin lesions showing bullae in three patients and subcutaneous nodules in one patient were noticed. 4) Two patients were showed positive in blood culture and one of thern also showed positive in lesional skin, urine and CSF. Lesional skin culture showed positive in three patients. 5) The isolated v. ulnificus was sensitive to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamycin, kanamycin and cefobid. 6) Two patients died due to sepsis within 48 hours after liospitalization and one patient died due to hepatic failure.

토끼에서 Etofenprox와 Spinosad 합제의 국소자극성 시험

황윤환,김명석,송인배,박병권,양승호,임용현,송치용,안성한,남현수,임정교,정상일,명노일,윤효인 忠南大學校 獸醫科大學 附設 動物醫科學硏究所 2008 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.15 No.1

This study was performed to evaluation the skin and eye irritation of etofenprox 8% and spinosad 4% combination in male New Zealand White rabbits. In skin irritation test, the combination of etofenprox and spinosad did not showed any change of body weight but caused slight skin irritation with the P.I.I. (primary irritation index) value 0.25. The etofenprox and spinosad combination showed severe eye irritation 1 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after ocular treatment, having the A.O.I. (acute ocular irritation) value of 37.3. Therefore, these result indicated that the combination of etofenprox and spinosad might be irritant formulation on eye and skin.

Theoretical Studies of Gas-Surface Diffusion Dynamics

Chun Gyo Chung,Seung Chul Park,Chang Hwan Rhee 강원대학교 기초과학연구소 1989 기초과학연구 Vol.6 No.-

We present theoretical studies of gas-surface diffusion dynamics. Model Ar-LiF (001) system is employed to investigate diffusion behavior of gas-surface system. Monte-Carlo sampling and classical trajectory methods are employed to calculate diffusion constants for the temperature range 50 K to 250 K. For a given temperature, 1000 trajectories are calculated. We have computed diffusion constants and the activation energy by Einstein's mean square displacement relationship and GreenKudo's the equation of velocity autocorrelation function. We find that the calculated diffusion constants exhibit Arrhenjus behavior with respect to temperature. In our study, we discussed the theory and results of diffusion dynamics on Ar- LiF (001) interaction system.

선단 하부지반 그라우팅된 개단강관말뚝의 연직 지지력에 관한 연구

정두환(Doo Hwan Jeong),최용규(Yong Kyu Choi),정성교(Sung Gyo Chung) 한국지반공학회 1999 지반 : 한국지반공학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor associated with an unerupted mandibular lateral incisor: a case report

Seo, Won-Gyo,Kim, Chul-Hwan,Park, Hae-Seo,Jang, Jong-Won,Chung, Woo-Yeol The Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial S 2015 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.41 No.6

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is a rare, benign odontogenic tumor that predominantly appears in the second decade of life in female patients. Most AOTs occur in the anterior part of the maxilla and are usually associated with impacted anterior teeth. There are three types of AOT, follicular, extrafollicular, and peripheral, which are classified based on the location of the lesion and its association with the impacted tooth. We report a rare case of AOT associated with an impacted right mandibular lateral incisor in an 11-year-old female patient.

TBM 터널 굴진시 Jamming이 발생되는 지반의 공학적 특성에 대한 연구

유길환(Yoo Kil Hwan),황대영(Hwang Dae Young),정성교(Chung Sung Gyo) 대한토목학회 2007 대한토목학회논문집 C Vol.27 No.6

20여 년 전부터 TBM 등에 의한 기계화 터널공법이 국내에서도 보편적으로 적용되고 있음에도 그들의 적용에 따른 시공상 문제점들이 거의 보고되고 있지 않다. 이는 NATM 터널에서와는 달리 해외에서도 불량한 지반조건에서 기계화 터널시 공중에 발생하였던 사고사례에 대한 연구는 희귀한 편이다. 본 연구에서는 먼저 화산쇄설암류의 지층 경계부에서 심하게 변질된 연약 암반대에서 발생된 터널붕락 사례를 소개하며, 그 붕괴원인을 분석하기 위한 일환으로 실시된 체계적인 지반조사를 통하여 연약 암반의 특성을 규명하였다. 또한 그 연약암반대에 대한 실험결과와 일반 암반에서의 측정범위를 비교하여, 터널붕괴 위험성을 판단할 수 있는 지표를 설정하였다. Mechanized tunnelling by TBMs has been extensively adopted for last two decades. Nevertheless, only few case histories have been reported. Unlike NATM tunnels, the case histories of the weak zone have been seldom reported for the mechanized tunnelling, even in the other countries. In this study, a collapse of TBM tunnel occurred in the severely altered weak rock zones between volcaniclastic rocks and granitic rocks was briefly described. A systematic geotechnical investigation, which was performed to examine the cause of the collapse, was carried out at the site and then characteristics of the rocks in the zones were evaluated. Moreover, This study propose a guide line of estimateing the possibility of collapse in TBM tunnels through comparing experimental results with surveying results of general rocks.

Quantitative Assessment of Foot Blood Flow by Using Dynamic Volume Perfusion CT Technique: A Feasibility Study.

Hur, Saebeom,Jae, Hwan Jun,Jang, Yeonggul,Min, Seung-Kee,Min, Sang-Il,Lee, Dong Yeon,Seo, Sang Gyo,Kim, Hyo-Cheol,Chung, Jin Wook,Kim, Kwang Gi,Park, Eun-Ah,Lee, Whal Radiological Society of North America 2015 Radiology Vol. No.

<P>Purpose: To demonstrate the feasibility of foot blood flow measurement by using dynamic volume perfusion computed tomographic (CT) technique with the upslope method in an animal experiment and a human study. Materials and Methods: The human study was approved by the institutional review board, and written informed consent was obtained from all patients. The animal study was approved by the research animal care and use committee. A perfusion CT experiment was first performed by using rabbits. A color-coded perfusion map was reconstructed by using in-house perfusion analysis software based on the upslope method, and the measured blood flow on the map was compared with the reference standard microsphere method by using correlation analysis. A total of 17 perfusion CT sessions were then performed (a) once in five human patients and (b) twice (before and after endovascular revascularization) in six human patients. Perfusion maps of blood flow were reconstructed and analyzed. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to prove significant differences in blood flow before and after treatment. Results: The animal experiment demonstrated a strong correlation (R2 = 0.965) in blood flow between perfusion CT and the microsphere method. Perfusion maps were obtained successfully in 16 human clinical sessions (94%) with the use of 32 mL of contrast medium and an effective radiation dose of 0.31 mSv (k factor for the ankle, 0.0002). The plantar dermis showed the highest blood flow among all anatomic structures of the foot, including muscle, subcutaneous tissue, tendon, and bone. After a successful revascularization procedure, the blood flow of the plantar dermis increased by 153% (P = .031). The interpretations of the color-coded perfusion map correlated well with the clinical and angiographic findings. Conclusion: Perfusion CT could be used to measure foot blood flow in both animals and humans. It can be a useful modality for the diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease by providing quantitative information on foot perfusion status. (C) RSNA, 2015</P>

찜질방 이용행태에 따른 생리적 변화와 건강위험 요인

이주영,석수지,강교신,권태호,김경복,한석재,심재훈,정찬경,정일한,노영호,민영선,정철,정해관,임현술,권태환,배근량 東國大學校醫學硏究所 2004 東國醫學 Vol.11 No.2

최근 서민들의 여가 공간으로 찜질방이 널리 애용되고 있다. 이에 밀폐된 고온의 공간이 인체에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 20대 남녀 14명을 대상으로 찜질방에서 안정, 식사 후, 음주 후, 운동 후의혈압, 맥박, 체온, 체중의 변화를 20분 간격으로 3회 측정하였고 각 실험이 끝날 때마다 자각증상설문을 실시하였다. 그리고 찜질방 이용 경험자 108명을 대상으로 일반적 사항과 이용 횟수, 찜질방 이용시 자각증상 등을 설문하였다. 각 분석에서 유의수준 P<0.05일 경우 유의하다고 판정하였다. 실험결과 고온에 노출된 후 체온, 맥박은 증가하고 혈압은 감소하였다. 각 상태에서의 실험이 끝나고 조사한 자각증상에서 음주 후에는 자각증상이 6명(85.7%)에서 약한 자각증상을 호소하여 다른 조건보다 약한 자각증상을 많이 호소하였다. 찜질방 이용 경험자 설문조사 결과 고온에 대한 자각증상 정도에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 연령, 평소 더위를 느끼는 정도 등이 있었다. 고온에 대항하는 인체의 항상성 기전은 심혈관계에 부담을 줄 수 있으므로 심혈관계 기능이 저하된 노약자, 심장 질환자, 혈압 이상자는 장시간의 노출을 금하여야 한다. 인체는 고온에 의한 체온 상승을 완화하기 위하여 발한량이 증가하므로, 적절한 수분 공급을 통해 체액을 보충하는 것이 필요하다. 음주 후에는 신체 변화에 대한 자각 능력이 감소하므로 극한의 환경에 폭로되는 상황에 더 주의하여야 한다. 'Jjimjilbang' (Dry sauna) has been the popular place of leisure in recent years. This study was carried out to find out the effects of high temperature to human body at Jjimjilbang. Nine male and five female people, who are in their twenties, had their body temperature, pulse rate, blood pressure and weight changes measured on every 20 minutes for three times, all in a steady state, after a controlled meal, after exercise and after alcohol drinking. Also, the authors conducted a questionnaire survey among 108 people that experienced Jjimjilbang in Gyeongju-si. For statistical analysis showing less than P<0.05 was proven to be significant. When exposed to high temperature, body temperature, blood pressure and pulse rate are likely to be increased. Alcohol consumption get participants' consciousness altered substantially in respect to the same situation of the previously achieved experiment. In questionnaire survey, factors that influenced the recognition of subjective symptoms are age and degree of sensitive to the heat at ordinary times. The homeostatic mechanism of the human body applied pressure on the cardiovascular system when confronting high temperature. But, old or weak people whose cardiovascular function has deteriorated, people with heart complications or abnormal blood pressure should avoid being exposed to high temperatures for long periods. To relive the rise of body temperature at high temperatures, perspiration must be increased, body fluids must be replenished appropriately. Alcohol drinking deceased seif consciousness about the body changes. So, Some cautions are required for using Jjimjilbang after alcohol drinking.