Complete chloroplast genome sequences of Solanum commersonii and its application to chloroplast genotype in somatic hybrids with Solanum tuberosum

Cho, K. S.,Cheon, K. S.,Hong, S. Y.,Cho, J. H.,Im, J. S.,Mekapogu, M.,Yu, Y. S.,Park, T. H. Springer International 2016 Plant cell reports Vol. No.

<P>Chloroplast genome of Solanum commersonii and S olanum tuberosum were completely sequenced, and Indel markers were successfully applied to distinguish chlorotypes demonstrating the chloroplast genome was randomly distributed during protoplast fusion. Somatic hybridization has been widely employed for the introgression of resistance to several diseases from wild Solanum species to overcome sexual barriers in potato breeding. Solanum commersonii is a major resource used as a parent line in somatic hybridization to improve bacterial wilt resistance in interspecies transfer to cultivated potato (S. tuberosum). Here, we sequenced the complete chloroplast genomes of Lz3.2 (S. commersonii) and S. tuberosum (PT56), which were used to develop fusion products, then compared them with those of five members of the Solanaceae family, S. tuberosum, Capsicum annum, S. lycopersicum, S. bulbocastanum and S. nigrum and Coffea arabica as an out-group. We then developed Indel markers for application in chloroplast genotyping. The complete chloroplast genome of Lz3.2 is composed of 155,525 bp, which is larger than the PT56 genome with 155,296 bp. Gene content, order and orientation of the S. commersonii chloroplast genome were highly conserved with those of other Solanaceae species, and the phylogenetic tree revealed that S. commersonii is located within the same node of S. tuberosum. However, sequence alignment revealed nine Indels between S. commersonii and S. tuberosum in their chloroplast genomes, allowing two Indel markers to be developed. The markers could distinguish the two species and were successfully applied to chloroplast genotyping (chlorotype) in somatic hybrids and their progenies. The results obtained in this study confirmed the random distribution of the chloroplast genome during protoplast fusion and its maternal inheritance and can be applied to select proper plastid genotypes in potato breeding program.</P>

승화법에 의한 CdS 단결성 성장

정태수,김현숙,유평렬,신영진,신현길,김택성,정철훈,이훈,신영신,강신국,정경수,홍광준 全北大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學 Vol.16 No.-

수직 2단 전기로를 제작하고 결정성장관에 꼬리관을 연결하여 seed 결정 없이 승화 방법으로 CdS 결정을 성장하였다. 이때 시료부분과 성장부분의 온도차 ΔT가 이론적인 값 14.7℃와 비교해서 실험적으로 얻은 값이 15℃로 아주 일치하는 값을 나타내었다. 이때 꼬리관의 온도를 110℃로 시간당 0.38mm 정도로 빨리 결정성장관을 끌어 올려 결정을 성장하였다. 분말법의 X-선 회절무늬와 Laue 배면 반사법의 Laue 무늬로 부터 성장된 결정이 육방정이고 결정성장관의 길이 방향으로 c축을 갖는 단결정임을 확인하였다. 또한 CdS 단결정은 상온에서 전자 이동도와 운반자 밀도는 각각 316㎠/V·sec와 2.90× 10 exp (16)cm^-3 정도이였다. We has made 2-zone vertical electric furnace and has been grown CdS single crystal by sublimation method in crystal growth tube with tail tube without seed crystal for growth. While it has been growing, temperature difference ΔT of source and growth part has nearly agreed with theoritical value 14.7℃ and experimental value 15℃. Then, crystal of best quality has been grown, when temperature of tail tube has been 110℃, in spite of quickly pulling up crystal growth tube a degree 0.38mm per hour. The grown crystal have had hexagonal structure and single crystal with c-axis to length of crystal growth tube from X-ray diffraction pattern of powder method and Laue pattern of back reflection Laue method. Also, the mobility and carrier density from Hall effect measurement have been 316㎠/V·sec and 2.90× 10 exp (16)cm^-3 at the room temperature, respectively.

Phase II study of preoperative chemoradiation with S-1 plus oxaliplatin in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer

Lee, E. M.,Hong, Y. S.,Kim, K. p.,Lee, J. L.,Kim, S. Y.,Park, Y. S.,Choi, D. H.,Kim, J. H.,Lim, S. B.,Yu, C. S. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2013 CANCER SCIENCE Vol.104 No.1

Cardiac Tamponade during Transesophageal Echocardiography in the Patient of Circumferential Aortic Dissection

Kim, C.-M Korean Academy of Medical Science 1997 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.12 No.3

삼풍사고 생존자들에서의 급성 외상후스트레스장애 : 발생빈도, 예측인자, 증상 변화에 대한 예비적 연구 A Preliminary Study on Incidence, Predictors and Pattern of Symptom Changes

김승태,김병로,홍경수,정유숙,유범희,김도관 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.3

목적 : 삼풍 백화점 붕괴 사고로 대단위 스트레스에 노출된 생존자들에서 급성 외상후스트레스장애(PTSD)의 발생빈도를 조사하고, 증상 발현에 대한 예측인자와 시간경과에 따른 증상 변화의 양상을 살펴보기 위하여 전향적 임상연구를 시행하였다. 방법 : 생존자 32명을 사고 후 1개월(1차 평가), 3개월(2차 평가) 경과 시점에, 한글 번역판 PTSD-I(DSM-III-R),을 사용하여 PTSD의 진단과 증상 정도를, Hamiltons Anxiety Scale(HAS)과 Hamiltons Depression Scale(HDS)을 사용하여 불안과 우울 증상의 정도를 평가하였다. PTSD 증상 심각도에 대한 예측인자는 단계적 선택 방법을 거친 다중회귀분석을, PTSD 증상의 변화는 paired t-test를 통해 살펴보았다. 결과 : 사고 발생 후 3개월 동안의 급성 PTSD 발생빈도는 완전한(true) PTSD가 41%, 부분성(partial) PTSD가 48%였다. 1차 평가시 HDS 점수가 PTSD-I 점수에 유의하게 기여하였고 동반자 사명여부는 HDS 점수와 부분적으로 관련되어 있었다. 2차 평가시에는 의식상실 유무가 PTSD-I, HDS, HAS 점수에 유의하게 기여하였다. 1, 2차 평가 기간 동안 PTSD-I 전체 점수는 변화가 거의 없었지만 재경험, 과각성 증상군 점수는 회피 증상군에 비해 유의하지는 않으나 상대적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 결론 : 삼풍 사고 후 급성 PTSD의 발생빈도는 매우 높았고 사고 당시 동반자의 사망, 우울증의 정도, 의식상실 경험등이 생존자의 급성기 PTSD 증상 정도에 영향을 미치고 있었다. PTSD의 회피 증상은 재경험, 과각성등의 증상들에 비해 시간 경과에 따른 변화가 적은 경향이 있었다. Objective : This is a prospective clinical study on survivors of the collapse accident of a major department store building occurred in Seoul in June 1995 to investigate the incidence of acute PTSD, to identify risk factors affecting the severity of PTSD symptoms, and to evaluate the pattern of symptom changes over time. Method : Thirty-two victims were interviewed with modified Korean version of the PTSD-I(DSM-III-R) to determine the severity of symptoms and diagnosis of PTSD. Degrees of anxiety and depression were measured with Hamilton's Anxiety Scale(HAS) and Depression Scales(HDS) respectively. Subjects were assessed in series at one month(time point 1) and three month(time point 2) from the time the accident occurred. Results : The incidence of PTSD in the subjects over the 3 months was 41% using by full criteria and 48% by partial criteria. Regression analysis at the time point 1, the HDS score, which was partially related with death of accompanied persons(friends/relatives/colleagues), contributed significantly to the PTSD-I variances. At the time point 2, loss of consciousness contributed significantly to the variance of the PTSD-I, HDS and HAS scores. Between time point 1 and time point 2, the overall severity of PTSD symptoms for all the subjects has remained almost unchanged. However, re-experience and hyperarousal symptoms were improved almost unchanged. However, re-experience and hyperarousal symptoms were improved in comparison with avoidance symptoms, although not statistically significant. Conclusions : This study results show a high risk of developing PTSD and partial PTSD among the building collapse victims. The death of accompanied person, severity of depression and loss of consciousness are all regarded as major factors affecting the severity of PTSD. Of PTSD symptom clusters, avoidance symptoms are likely to be less changeable than re-experience and hyperarousal symptoms over time.

온도 변화에 따른 BNR(Biological Nutrients Removal) 효율 특성

윤현식,홍상기,신응배,강희만,배우근,유도윤,김송기 漢陽大學校 環境工學硏究所 1997 環境科學論文集 Vol.18 No.-

우리나라는 하절기와 동절기의 기온차가 매우 크고, 특히 동절기에 중부지역 겨울철 평균기온이 영하 10。c 이하로 떨어지는 일수가 많아 겨울철 유입하수 수온이 평균 8∼9。c로 생물학적 공정의 미생물 활성도에 악영향을 미치고 저조한 처리효율로 이어져 겨울철 처리장 운전·운영의 가장 큰 문제점으로 지적되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 온도 변화에 따른 질산화 Batch실험을 통하여 질소제거 특성을 고찰하였으며 ,Batch실험 결과를 혐기-호기-무산소조가 조합된 단일반응기에 적용하여 온도 변화에 따른 유기물 및 질소. 인 제거 효율을 평가하였다. Batch 실험결과 반응조 온도가 높을수록 질산화 속도가 증가하는 것으로 평가됐으며, 이는 온도가 증가할수록 질산화 미생물의 최대성장율이 증가하기 때문으로 판단된다. 혐기-호기-무산소조가 조합된 완전혼합 단일반응기를 이용하여 온도 조건은 12±2℃, 20±2℃, 28±2℃로 변화를 주어 실험을 수행한 결과, 유기물 제거효율은 온도변화에 큰 관계없이 90% 이상의 높은 값을 나타내었으며, 총질소(T-N)제거 효율은 온도조건 12±2℃, 20±2℃, 28±2℃에서 각각 63.7%, 76.5% 82.9%를, 총인(T-P)제거 효율은 각각 70.7%, 65.3%, 52.8%를 나타내었다. 즉 질소제거 효율은 반응조 온도가 증가할수록 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 인제거 효율은 그 반대로 온도가 증가함에 제거효율이 저하되는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 고온의 조건에서 질산화 미생물의 활성 증가로 질소제거 효율은 증가하나 인 제거의 경우에는 혐기조로 유입되는 ??부하가 상대적으로 증가하여 인제거 미생물의 인방출에 악영향을 줄뿐만 아니라 인제거 미생물이 호냉성이기 때문에 고온에서 활성이 오히려 저하하기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. Discharging nutrients to surface water results in oxygen depletion and the decay of green biomass which is created in the receiver during the process of eutrophication. Because of these problems, all new treatment plants must provide for some method of nutrient removal(expressed in concentration limits)for total phosphorus, total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the nitrification rate under different temperature conditions. The results showed that the rate of nitrification increased with increasing temperature. Using the results of the batch experiments, a single reactor combining anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic zones and clarifier was tested for the continuous removal of organic substances, nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater. The removal efficiency of the above mentioned substances was evaluated under various different temperature(12±2, 20±2, 28±2。C) conditions. During a single reactor test period, high removal efficiencies for ??(over 90%) were obtained in all tests. Total Nitrogen(TN) removal efficiencies were 64%, 77% and 83% at temperatures of 12±2, 20±2 and 28±2。C, respectively, and total Phosphorus(TP) removal efficiencies were71%, 65% and 53% at temperatures of 12±2, 20±2 and 28±2。C, respectively.

Ultrahigh electrically and thermally conductive self-aligned graphene/polymer composites using large-area reduced graphene oxides

Kumar, P.,Yu, S.,Shahzad, F.,Hong, S.M.,Kim, Y.H.,Koo, C.M. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 Carbon Vol.101 No.-

<P>In this work, for the first time we fabricated highly self-aligned large-area reduced graphene oxide/poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (rLGO/PVDF-HFP) composite films through simple solution casting followed by low temperature chemical reduction process. The resulting free-standing rLGO/PVDF-HFP composite thin film revealed excellent electrical conductivity of similar to 3000 S/m and ultrahigh inplane thermal conductivity of similar to 19.5 W/mK at rLGO content of 27.2 wt %. This ultrahigh electrical and thermal conductivity were attributed to the good interfacial interaction, effective chemical reduction, high aspect ratio, and preferential orientation of graphene sheets along the film direction. We believe that our new fabrication procedure can be effectively used for large-scale production and commercialization of conductive composite materials for many thermal and electrical conduction applications. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

식용닭을 이용한 장내세균 분리시도

서정은,양명자,유선영,이진희,홍동선 이화여자대학교 의과대학 1978 梨花醫學誌 Vol.- No.10

The authors made an attempt to isolate enteric pathogens, possibly Salmonella, from chicken intestines sold in common markets of Seoul, but no Salmonella organisms were possible to be identified from 80 specimens collected and tested. In view of the more strict hygienic control on the food stuffs particularly meat and meat products, continuous and consistent surveillance system on them are discussed and emphasized for the further protection of human health suffering from food poisoning and gastrointestinal infections.

Frontispiz: A Cytoprotective and Degradable Metal–Polyphenol Nanoshell for Single‐Cell Encapsulation

Park, Ji Hun,Kim, Kyunghwan,Lee, Juno,Choi, Ji Yu,Hong, Daewha,Yang, Sung Ho,Caruso, Frank,Lee, Younghoon,Choi, Insung S. WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2014 Angewandte Chemie Vol.126 No.46

<P><B>Nanoschalen</B> F. Caruso, Y. Lee, I. S. Choi und Mitarbeiter beschreiben in ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 12628 ff., dass einzelne Hefezellen durch die Bildung einer Nanoschale aus Gerbsäure und Fe<SUP>III</SUP>‐Ionen geschützt werden können.</P>

정신분열병의 약물 유지치료 현황 : 서울, 경기 일원의 정신과 임상의들의 의견 A Survey on the Psychiatrists' Practice in Extended Seoul Metropolitan Areas

김병로,강윤형,홍경수,유범희,김승태 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.1

정신분열병 환자의 항정신병 약물 유지치료에 관한 임상의들의 의견을 통해 실제 치료 현황을 살펴보고자, 서울, 경기 일원에서 진료에 종사하는, 임상 경험이 최소한 2년 이상이고 50세 이하인 정신과 의사들을 대상으로 우편 조사를 시행하였다. 대상자 453명에게 설문지를 보내어 215명으로 부터 유효한 응답을 얻었다(응답률 47%). 응답자들은 유지치료 전략 가운데 약물치료에 가장 큰 비중(58%)을 두고 있었다. 응답자 대다수(79%)가 Halo-peridol을 가장 선호하였고 전체적으로 일일 상용 유지 용량은 Chlorpromazine 치환량으로 383±229(75∼1250)mg이었으며 유지 기간은 첫 발병인 경우 1.8±1.0(0.25∼7.5)년, 두 번 이상의 발병인 경우 3.9±1.8(0.5∼10)년으로 개인적 변이가 컸다. 치료 비중도에서 전공의군이 전문의군에 비해 정신치료에 대한 비중이 높았고 진료기관 유형에 따라 치료 비중도, 유지 용량및 유지 기간 등에서 차이를 보였다. 유지치료 방침에 대해서는 대다수(93%)가 '일정 용량을 장기적으로 유지한다'는 의견을 보였다. 약물 유지치료에 대한 기존 지침에 만족하는 경우(4.3%)는 매우 적었다. 정신분열병의 약물 유지치료에 관한 내용과 방법은 임상의마다 다양하였고 진료 환경이나 임상의의 연한이 이에 영항을 미치고 있었다. 향후 임상가들 마다 상이한 의견 차이를 좁히고 임상에서 유용한 치료 지침을 마련하기 위해서는 임상 연구와 함께 약물 역학적(pharmaco-epidemiological) 연구가 절실히 필요하다. We investigated the actual status of antipsychotics maintenance therapy(AMT) for schizophrenic patients through a mail survey sent to psychiatrists practicing in Seoul and Kyonggi province who had no less than two years of psychiatric expertise and who were below fifty years of age. Out of 453 questionnaires sent, 215 completed questionnaires were returned (response rate 47%). The majority of respondents considered pharmacotherapy as the most important longterm treatment strategy for schizophrenia. Haloperidol was selected by the majority as their first choice neuroleptics. The proposed mean daily maintenance dosage was 383±229(75-1250)mg in chlorpromazine equivalent. The mean duration of AMT was 1.8±1.0(0.25-7.5)years after the first episode and 3.6±1.8(0.5-10)years after multi-episodes. Psychotherapy was regarded as more important by the resident psychiatrists group than by the certified psychiatrists group. There were preferential differences for a particular treatment strategy, dosage and duration of AMT among the different clinics. A great number of respondents(93%) regarded long-term continuous maintenance as their major AMT policy. Only a few respondents(4.3%) were satisfied with the established guidelines for AMT in treatment of schizophrenia. The results show considerable variations in psychiatrists opinions on AMT which was influenced by grades of expertise of the clinician and the working environment of the clinic or the hospital. To decrease these variabilities and make clinically useful guidelines, it will be necessary to do further pharmacoepidemiological studies as well as other types of related clinical research.