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최인창,김회서 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.19 No.2
This study is compared and analyzed to vertical diffusion appearance of an externally venting flame. An installed balcony of one meter length is also applied to fire test 4.0MW class to analyze about effect of an awning or a balcony. The test is progressed to four case of 1.0MW, 2.0MW, 3.0MW, and 4.0MW class by heat release rate. The result of test is as following. -A neutral zone position of window where is emitted gas and flame is originated under one of three point of window height. -The venting flames from opening was seen a sticking phenomenon from an upper story to wall, and appeared to rising temperature of an upper spandrel and window. -In the case of establishment balcony, the exterior wall's surface temperature of upper story is seized rising phenomenon. The experimental data will be compared with simulation result later on, and appropriate counterproposal will be presented when the opening of building's exterior wall is designed.
이평강,최인창,김회서 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.19 No.1
The purpose of this study is to survey the Fire Load Energy Density depending on occupancy. The paper outlines the work carried out in surveying the fire load for different types of building occupancies such as dwellings, hospitals, hotels, library, offices, classroom of school, restaurants, shopping shops, and theatre. Twenty-nine different types of buildings with a total floor area of about 4.578㎥ were surveyed. Details of the inventory method which was used in the present survey are given. It is found that room use are major parameters affecting the fire loads in a room. An attempt is made to calculate the composition of fire loads in the building surveyed, wood and plastic materials contribute to a substantial portion of the total fire load in all building. The movable contents contribute to about 81% of the total fire load. The fire load obtained from the survey have been compared with those of Performance-Based Building Codes of Eurocode1 and the Building Standard Law in Japan. An accurate prediction of the possible fire load in a certain building occupancy will assist the engineer to better estimate the likely fire severity, and thus help to provide adequate and cost-effective fire protection.
Al Hawi Yasmeen,Nagao Mizuho,Furuya Kanae,Sato Yasunori,Ito Setsuko,Hori Hiroki,Hirayama Masahiro,Fujisawa Takao 대한천식알레르기학회 2021 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.13 No.1
Purpose: ImmunoCAP® (ImmunoCAP) and IMMULITE® 2000 3gAllergy™ (3gAllergy) systems are major quantitative allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) assay methods. Due to the heterogeneous nature of allergenic extracts and differences in the assay format, quantitation of allergen-sIgEs is not expected to correlate well between different methods. However, we have recently reported good agreement between the methods in the diagnosis of egg allergy. This study aimed to determine and correlate the predictive values of sIgE by the two systems in the diagnosis of milk and wheat allergies. Methods: Children who had undergone oral food challenge (OFC) for the diagnosis of milk and wheat allergies were enrolled. The OFCs were performed to diagnose either true allergy in the 1-year-old group (A) or tolerance in the 2- to 6-year-old group (B). Milk, casein and β-lactoglobulin, and wheat and ω-5 gliadin sIgE values were measured using the 2 systems. The predictive accuracy of each sIgE for the OFC outcome was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The probability of a positive OFC outcome was estimated by logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 395 patients were recruited from 7 primary care clinics and 19 hospitals in Japan. Milk and wheat OFCs were performed for 87 and 102 group A patients, and 124 and 82 group B patients, respectively. ROC analysis yielded similar areas under the curve for the 2 assays (0.7–0.9). The log-transformed sIgE data showed a strong linear correlation with the estimated probabilities (R > 0.9). Conclusions: The 2 systems may be interchangeable for diagnosis of milk and wheat allergies in young children.
El-Hawy Mahmoud A.,Saleh Nagwan Y. 대한소아청소년과학회 2022 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.65 No.8
Background: Osteopenia and osteoporosis represent a prominent cause of morbidity in children with thalassemia. Multiple factors are responsible for the pathogenesis of bone loss in thalassemia, including diabetes, hypothyroidism, parathyroid gland dysfunction, accelerated hemopoiesis, direct iron toxicity of osteoblasts, iron chelators, and deficiencies of growth hormone or insulin growth factors.Purpose: To assess the effect of pamidronate administration on β-thalassemia major-induced osteoporosis in children.Methods: This study assessed the effects of different treatments (calcium and vitamin D versus calcium, vitamin D, and pamidronate) on patients with β-thalassemia major and osteoporosis. Bone mineral density (BMD) and z scores were measured at baseline and after 1 year of treatment using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.Results: The mean baseline BMD values of the lumbar spine were 0.71±0.07 (g/cm²) and 0.74±0.07 (g/cm²), respectively, while those at the end of the study were 0.81±0.07 (g/cm²) (<i>P</i><0.001) and 0.78±0.07 (g/cm²) (<i>P</i>>0.05), respectively. The mean baseline z scores of the lumbar spine were -3.53±0.55 and -3.17±0.61, while those after treatment were -2.1±0.32 (<i>P</i>=0.001) and -3.11±0.67 (<i>P</i>>0.05), respectively. The baseline alkaline phosphatase levels were 351.5±86.07 μg/dL and 357.6±89.7 μg/dL, while those after treatment were 220.4± 59.26.07 μg/dL (<i>P</i><0.001) and 320.3±83.99 μg/dL (<i>P</i>>0.05), respectively.Conclusion: Pamidronate administration effectively increased the BMD and z scores of children with β-thalassemia major. Pamidronate had a favorable safety profile with no related serious adverse events during the study period.
El-Gendy Fady Mohamed,Shehata Amira M.F.,El-Kawy Esam Awad Abd,El-Hawy Mahmoud Ahmed 대한소아청소년과학회 2023 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.66 No.3
Background: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disease characterized by abnormalities of T cells subsets. Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a co-signaling inhibitory molecule in T cells that is involved in many autoimmune diseases.Purpose: Here we aimed to measure changes in PD-1 expression and serum interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels before and 1 month after treatment in pediatric patients with newly diagnosed ITP.Methods: We measured PD-1<sup>+</sup> CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells percentages using flow cytometry and the serum IFN-γ levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 40 pediatric patients with ITP and 20 healthy controls.Results: Compared with healthy controls, the PD-1<sup>+</sup> CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells percentages and serum IFN-γ levels were significantly higher in ITP patients before and 1 month after therapy. A correlation study revealed that PD-1<sup>+</sup> CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells percentage was negatively associated with platelet count and positively associated with IFN-γ level in patients with ITP. Furthermore, serum IFN-γ levels were significantly decreased in patients after treatment, but no significant change was detected in the percentage of PD-1<sup>+</sup> CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells before or 1 month after therapy.Conclusion: PD-1<sup>+</sup> CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells expression and IFN-γ levels were increased in patients with ITP. These preliminary data suggest a potential role of PD-1<sup>+</sup> CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells as mediators of ITP. We also found a correlation between PD-1<sup>+</sup> CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and both platelet counts and IFN-γ levels. These findings suggest a potential role of PD-1<sup>+</sup> CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and IFN-γ in the pathogenesis of ITP. Further studies investigating PD-1 expression in different T-cell subsets, serum IFN-γ concentrations, and antiplatelet antibodies levels over a longer duration after therapy initiation could delineate the precise role of PD-1 in ITP pathogenesis. Consequently, novel nontraditional therapeutic strategies for ITP patients may become available.
Kim, Bung-Nyun,Kim, Jae-Won,Cummins, Tarrant D.R.,Bellgrove, Mark A.,Hawi, Ziarih,Hong, Soon-Beom,Yang, Young-Hui,Kim, Hyo-Jin,Shin, Min-Sup,Cho, Soo-Churl,Kim, Ji-Hoon,Son, Jung-Woo,Shin, Yun-Mi,Chun Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2013 JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY Vol.33 No.3
ABSTRACT: Noradrenergic dysfunction may be associated with cognitive impairments in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), including increased response time variability, which has been proposed as a leading endophenotype for ADHD. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between polymorphisms in the α-2A-adrenergic receptor (ADRA2A) and norepinephrine transporter (SLC6A2) genes and attentional performance in ADHD children before and after pharmacological treatment.One hundred one medication-naive ADHD children were included. All subjects were administered methylphenidate (MPH)–OROS for 12 weeks. The subjects underwent a computerized comprehensive attention test to measure the response time variability at baseline before MPH treatment and after 12 weeks. Additive regression analyses controlling for ADHD symptom severity, age, sex, IQ, and final dose of MPH examined the association between response time variability on the comprehensive attention test measures and allelic variations in single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the ADRA2A and SLC6A2 before and after MPH treatment.Increasing possession of an A allele at the G1287A polymorphism of SLC6A2 was significantly related to heightened response time variability at baseline in the sustained (P = 2.0 × 10) and auditory selective attention (P = 1.0 × 10) tasks. Response time variability at baseline increased additively with possession of the T allele at the DraI polymorphism of the ADRA2A gene in the auditory selective attention task (P = 2.0 × 10). After medication, increasing possession of a G allele at the MspI polymorphism of the ADRA2A gene was associated with increased MPH-related change in response time variability in the flanker task (P = 1.0 × 10).Our study suggested an association between norepinephrine gene variants and response time variability measured at baseline and after MPH treatment in children with ADHD. Our results add to a growing body of evidence, suggesting that response time variability is a viable endophenotype for ADHD and suggesting its utility as a surrogate end point for measuring stimulant response in pharmacogenetic studies.