New Positioning of Eosinophils in Asthma

( Takao Fujisawa ) 대한천식알레르기학회 2005 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.25 No.1

Roots Finding – PBL in the First Year Course –

Takao Hanabusa,Shoichiro Fujisawa 한국공학교육학회 2010 공학교육연구 Vol.13 No.5

Design subjects have become popular in the engineering education. In these subjects, an active learning skill was introduced to students. Students have to decide a theme and the way how to study it and to find answers by themselves.This learning method was developed in the early year courses in the University of Tokushima. The common learning curriculum among whole university adopted this design subjects from 2005 of the school year and eleven more new subjects started. “Roots finding” is one of them and the objectives are to gain abilities of self-study through the research on a particular subject, and make report then presenting them. Self-learning ability, research ability and presentation skills were enhanced through this subject.

Roots Finding – PBL in the First Year Course –

Takao Hanabusa,Shoichiro Fujisawa 한국공학교육학회 2010 공학교육연구 Vol.13 No.5

Design subjects have become popular in the engineering education. In these subjects, an active learning skill was introduced to students. Students have to decide a theme and the way how to study it and to find answers by themselves. This learning method was developed in the early year courses in the University of Tokushima. The common learning curriculum among whole university adopted this design subjects from 2005 of the school year and eleven more new subjects started. “Roots finding” is one of them and the objectives are to gain abilities of self-study through the research on a particular subject, and make report then presenting them. Self-learning ability, research ability and presentation skills were enhanced through this subject.

Roots Finding - PBL in the First Year Course -

Hanabusa, Takao,Fujisawa, Shoichiro Korean Society for Engineering Education 2010 공학교육연구 Vol.13 No.5

Design subjects have become popular in the engineering education. In these subjects, an active learning skill was introduced to students. Students have to decide a theme and the way how to study it and to find answers by themselves. This learning method was developed in the early year courses in the University of Tokushima. The common learning curriculum among whole university adopted this design subjects from 2005 of the school year and eleven more new subjects started. "Roots finding" is one of them and the objectives are to gain abilities of self-study through the research on a particular subject, and make report then presenting them. Self-learning ability, research ability and presentation skills were enhanced through this subject.

Biomarkers for Recurrent Wheezing and Asthma in Preschool Children

이용주,Takao Fujisawa,김창근 대한천식알레르기학회 2019 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.11 No.1

Wheezing is one of the characteristic symptoms of asthma, but all preschool children with wheezing are not diagnosed with asthma. Preschool children are not cooperative enough to participate in spirometry and invasive tests. Thus, there is no conventional method to diagnose asthma in preschool children. We reviewed studies on non-invasive biomarkers for assessing asthma in preschool children. Specimens that can be easily obtained by non-invasive methods are blood, exhaled breath and urine. Eosinophils, eosinophil cationic protein and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) in blood are helpful in evaluating eosinophilic inflammation of the airways. Exhaled breath contains nitric oxide, volatile organic compounds, various cytokines and mediators as analytical components. Fraction of exhaled nitric oxide has been used to assess the degree of eosinophil inflammation and has been standardized in school-age children and adults, but not yet in preschool children. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) pH and various cytokines/mediators that are detected in EBC seem to be promising biomarkers for assessing asthma, but need more standardization and validation. There are several biomarkers useful for assessing asthma, but none are ideal. Some biomarkers need standardized methods of obtaining samples from uncooperative preschool children for clinical use and require sufficient validation. Recently, another activated eosinophil marker, serum EDN, has shown promising results as a biomarker for recurrent wheezing and asthma in preschool children.

A Way to Further Understanding of Basic Engineering Principle by Supervising Junior High School Students through Sets of Science Experiment

Naim, Muhamad,Tsuzuki, Shozo,Fujisawa, Shoichiro,Hanabusa, Takao Korean Society for Engineering Education 2010 공학교육연구 Vol.13 No.5

The objective of this project is to cultivate interest among junior high school students toward Science & Technology. Six simple experiments will be introduced to the participants (junior high school students) of this project which is focusing on the basic principles of engineering including law of motion, free-fall, force, energy, friction and work. Our student team has been assigned to design six set of experiment according to the principles. The experiments are easy to understand and simple to assemble by the students of age 13 to 15. Experimental manuals were written by the members using simple words complete with figure so that all the participants can understand the procedure of each experiment. In order to make sure the manuals are practically working, the experiment sets were tested and the results were compared with actual theory. As a result, we believe that the experiments can be done by the students within less supervision. The students are able to set up the experiments by using some simple equipment around them. By doing this experiments, we can further our understanding and explain better the principles of energy, force and work.

소아의 급성 천식발작에서 아미노필린의 효능과 안전성에 대한 재조명

윤운기,최준기,고지연,김문섭,김효빈,Takao Fujisawa,김창근 대한 소아알레르기 호흡기학회 2007 Allergy Asthma & Respiratory Disease Vol.17 No.3

Purpose : Although methylxanthines (aminophylline or theophylline) have an equivalent bronchodilator effect on inhaled β2-agonists, the GINA guidelines recommend methylxanthines as an alternative to methylxanthines becamse of their side effects. The Japanese Pediatric Guidelines for the Treatment and Management of Asthma (JPGTMA 2005), however, recommends methylxanthines for the treatment of asthma attack along with systemic corticosteroids. We aimed to determine whether the addition of intravenous (IV) aminophylline with both IV corticosteroids and inhaled β2-agonists would improve asthma symptoms better and earlier without serious adverse effects. Methods : Thirty-seven children with acute asthma exacerbation were studied. Twenty patients were treated with a combination of IV corticosteroids, inhaled β2 agonists and IV aminophyllines (Group A), and 17 patients were treated with IV corticosteroids and inhaled β2 agonists only (Group B). We evaluated the changes of symptom scores, including degrees of wheezing, retraction, orthopnea, cyanosis and SpO2, before and after treatment in both groups. Results : Group A patients showed faster improvement in asthma symptom score (P<0.05) and significantly faster resolution of wheezing (P<0.05) than Group B patients. In Group B, patients with prolonged wheezing (>72 hours) resulted in need for larger dose of systemic steroids (P<0.05). Although adverse effects occurred in 20% of Group A patients, all of which them were not serious without the need for drug withdrawal. Conclusion : IV aminophylline may be a therapeutic option for children with acute asthma exacerbation. Further evidence is needed to substantiate the conclusion. 목 적 : 메틸잔틴은 흡입된 β2-항진제처럼 기관지 확장 효과가 있으나, 부작용에 대한 염려 때문에 GINA에 따르면 메틸잔틴은 대체치료로만 사용할 것을 권장한다. 하지만 이와는 다르게 일본 소아천식 치료 및 관리 가이드라인(JPGTMA 2005)에 의하면 전신적 부신피질호르몬과 함께 사용하는 것을 권장하고 있다. 본 연구는 부신피질호르몬과 흡입성 β2-항진제에 아미노필린의 추가 투여가 큰 부작용이 없이 천식증상을 더 빠르고 더 잘 완화시키는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 37명의 급성 천식발작을 보인 환아들을 대상으로 하였고, 20명의 환자들(A군)은 전신적 부신피질호르몬과 흡입성 β2-항진제에 아미노필린을 추가로 정주하였고, 나머지 17명(B군)은 전신적 부신피질호르몬과 흡입성 β2-항진제만으로 치료받았다. 치료 전후의 천명의 정도, 흉부함몰, 기좌호흡, 그리고 SpO2를 포함하는 증상점수를 평가하였다. 결 과 : A군 환아들은 B군에 비해서 천식 증상점수가 빠른 호전을 보였으며,(P<0.05) 천명이 의미있게 감소하는 것을 알 수 있었다.(Logrank test P<0.05) B군에서 72시간 이상 천명을 보이는 환자들은 72시간 이내로 천명을 보인 환아들에 비해 더 많은 전신적 부신피질호르몬을 투여받았다.(P<0.05) 아미노필린의 부작용은 A군의 20%에서 나타났지만, 모두 심각한 경우가 아니었고, 약의 투여를 중단할 정도도 아니었다. 결 론 : 아미노필린은 급성 천식발작이 있는 우리나라 천식소아에게 좋은 치료선택이 되겠다. 이러한 결론을 뒷받침하기 위해서는 더 많은 연구가 지속되어야 하겠다.

A Way to Further Understanding of Basic Engineering Principle by Supervising Junior High School Students through Sets of Science Experiment

Muhamad Naim,Shozo Tsuzuki,Shoichiro Fujisawa,Takao Hanabusa 한국공학교육학회 2010 공학교육연구 Vol.13 No.5

The objective of this project is to cultivate interest among junior high school students toward Science & Technology. Six simple experiments will be introduced to the participants (junior high school students) of this project which is focusing on the basic principles of engineering including law of motion, free-fall, force, energy, friction and work. Our student team has been assigned to design six set of experiment according to the principles. The experiments are easy to understand and simple to assemble by the students of age 13 to 15. Experimental manuals were written by the members using simple words complete with figure so that all the participants can understand the procedure of each experiment. In order to make sure the manuals are practically working, the experiment sets were tested and the results were compared with actual theory. As a result, we believe that the experiments can be done by the students within less supervision. The students are able to set up the experiments by using some simple equipment around them. By doing this experiments, we can further our understanding and explain better the principles of energy, force and work.

Agreement Between Predictive, Allergen-Specific IgE Values Assessed by ImmunoCAP and IMMULITE 2000 3gAllergy™ Assay Systems for Milk and Wheat Allergies

Al Hawi Yasmeen,Nagao Mizuho,Furuya Kanae,Sato Yasunori,Ito Setsuko,Hori Hiroki,Hirayama Masahiro,Fujisawa Takao 대한천식알레르기학회 2021 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.13 No.1

Purpose: ImmunoCAP® (ImmunoCAP) and IMMULITE® 2000 3gAllergy™ (3gAllergy) systems are major quantitative allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) assay methods. Due to the heterogeneous nature of allergenic extracts and differences in the assay format, quantitation of allergen-sIgEs is not expected to correlate well between different methods. However, we have recently reported good agreement between the methods in the diagnosis of egg allergy. This study aimed to determine and correlate the predictive values of sIgE by the two systems in the diagnosis of milk and wheat allergies. Methods: Children who had undergone oral food challenge (OFC) for the diagnosis of milk and wheat allergies were enrolled. The OFCs were performed to diagnose either true allergy in the 1-year-old group (A) or tolerance in the 2- to 6-year-old group (B). Milk, casein and β-lactoglobulin, and wheat and ω-5 gliadin sIgE values were measured using the 2 systems. The predictive accuracy of each sIgE for the OFC outcome was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The probability of a positive OFC outcome was estimated by logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 395 patients were recruited from 7 primary care clinics and 19 hospitals in Japan. Milk and wheat OFCs were performed for 87 and 102 group A patients, and 124 and 82 group B patients, respectively. ROC analysis yielded similar areas under the curve for the 2 assays (0.7–0.9). The log-transformed sIgE data showed a strong linear correlation with the estimated probabilities (R > 0.9). Conclusions: The 2 systems may be interchangeable for diagnosis of milk and wheat allergies in young children.