정문(程門) `중용학(中庸學)`의 별전(別傳) ― 주자(朱子)와 비교하여 본 곽충효(郭忠孝)의 『중용(中庸)』 해석

곽효동 ( Guo Xiao-dong ),김효동(번역) 퇴계학연구원 2016 退溪學報 Vol.140 No.-

郭忠孝는 程?의 易學과 中庸學을 계승한 만년의 제자이다. 곽충효의 『中庸』 주석서는 이미 일실되었으나, 본고에서는 輯佚된 자료를 근거로 그의 중용학의 대강을 구성해고자 한다. 곽충효가 전승한 중용학은 후대에 程門의 正宗으로 인식되었던 주자의 중용학과 차이점을 보인다. 그의 중용학의 특색은 두 가지로 볼 수 있으니, 하나는 `體用`의 관점에서 중용을 이해했다는 것이고, 하나는 『周易』과 『中庸』을 하나로 보았다는 것이다. 주자는 곽충효의 중용설에 대해 매우 불만족 했다. 그러나 곽충효의 제자 黎立武는 곽충효의 설이 정자 만년의 정론이라고 보았다. 어떤 의미에서 곽충효의 학문에 대한 주자의 비판은 너무 지나쳤다고 할 수 있고, 黎立武의 주장 또한 지나치게 스승을 추존한 것이라고 할 수 있다. 그렇다면 우리는 곽충효 중용학의 위상을 정자 문하 `中庸學`의 別傳 정도로 이해하면 될 것이다. Guo Zhongxiao was the later disciple of Cheng Yi, whom had succeeded Cheng Yi`s thought about Book of Changes and The Doctrine of Mean. However, Guo`s interpretation on The Doctrine of Mean had been lost. According to his incomplete articles, this article is trying to describe his thought on The Doctrine of Mean broadly. His thought is different from Zhu Xi`s understanding of The Doctrine of Mean. There are two features: one is talking about The Doctrine of Mean with TI&YONG; another is taking Book of Changes and The doctrine of Mean as the whole. Zhu Xi was critical of his ideas very much, but Guo`s disciple Li Liwu just took it as the final conclusion of Cheng Yi`s later years. In a certain sense, Zhu Xi criticized the ideas of Guo severely, and Li Liwu`s words were overpraise on Guo`s. We can view Guo`s thought on The Doctrine of Mean as the supplementary material of the School of Cheng Yi.

4-레벨 인버터를 이용한 고속 SRM 구동시스템

이동희,이진국,안진우 경성대학교 공학기술연구소 2005 공학기술연구지 Vol.12 No.-

This paper proposes high speed SRM drive system for blower with a novel 4-level inverter and precise excitation position generator. In order to get a fast build-up and a demagnetization of excitation current, 4-level inverter system is proposed. The proposed 4-level inverter has additional charge capacitor, power switch and diode in the conventional asymmetric converter. The charged high voltage is supplied to the phase winding for fast current build- up, and demagnetization current is charged to additional capacitor of 4-level inverter. In addition, a precise excitation position generator can reduce turn-on and turn-off angle error according to sampling period of digital control system. The proposed high speed SRM drive system is verified by computer simulations and experimental results.

호이스트용 SRM의 구동시스템의 특성해석

이진국,이동희,안진우 경성대학교 공학기술연구소 2005 공학기술연구지 Vol.12 No.-

This paper presents a development of Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) drive system for a hoist application. In the hoist system, smoothing start-up and braking are very important for a protection of goods. In order to improved a start-up and a stop performance of hoist system, the smoothing operation sequence of SRM using direct instantaneous torque control is proposed. The proposed Direct Instantaneous Torque Control (DITC) the instantaneous torque of SRM according to the switching sequence and hysteric band. In order to compare the reference and actual torque of SRM, pre-measured flux and torque look-up table are regulate used. The proposed SRM Drive system is verified by the simulation result.

맥반석의 용출시험 및 중금속 흡착특성

김종부,신명국,성낙환,최문정,김경주,이동석 강원대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 産業技術硏究 Vol.20 No.A

This experiment was done to investigate the leaching and adsorption properties of heavy metals on porphyry. The comparison with respect to the leachability of heavy metals from porphyry between the Korea Standard Leaching Test (KSLT) and the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) was carried out. The fractional composition of leachate and the total concentration of heavy metal of porphyry were studied through Sequential Extraction Procedure (SEP) and EPA Method 3050. Adsorption experiment of porphyry has pointed out that the optimum dosage of porphyry for 50ppm Pb was over 10g/L, the effective particle size for absorption was below 200 mesh and the optimum pH was about 7. From the Freundlich' adsorption equation, l/n was 1.0722, and k was 0.0041. After adsorption, the fractional composition of Pb was changed. The exchangeable, carbonate, reducible fractions were increased, and the organic fraction was not changed, and the residual fraction was decreased.

중환자실 병원감염에 대한 다기관 공동 조사연구

박은숙,박미라,진혜영,김정은,최정실,송영구,최영화,이위교,홍성관,허애정,양동규,김준명 대한병원감염관리학회 2003 의료관련감염관리 Vol.8 No.1

Influence of Kluyveromyces marxianus on proteins, peptides, and amino acids in Lactobacillus-fermented milk

Dong-Dong Zhang,Jing-Lan Liu,Tie-Min Jiang,Lu Li,Guo-Zhen Fang,Yan-Pin Liu,Li-Jun Chen 한국식품과학회 2017 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.26 No.3

With increasing application of yeast in fermented milk, in order to study the effect of yeast on milk protein during the fermentation process, the effects of the presence of Kluyveromyces marxianus in milk fermented by Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus were investigated. After fermentation, the amino acid, protein, and peptide contents were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, respectively. After the addition of K. marxianus for fermentation, 25 protein spots changed significantly. These were mostly caseins and bovine serum proteins, and the content of total free amino acids increased by 16.30%; ten types of bioactive peptides were identified. Furthermore, the number of peptide types in milk fermented by K. marxianus increased significantly compared with milk fermented by Lactobacillus. K. marxianus is considered to promote proteometabolism in milk when added with Lactobacillus, generate flavor compounds, and improve the digestion and absorption character of milk.

The Spectral Analysis and Exponential Stability of a 1-d 2x2 Hyperbolic System with Proportional Feedback Control

Dong-xia Zhao,Dong-xia Fan,Ya-ping Guo 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2022 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.20 No.8

In this paper, the well-posedness and stability of a 1-d 2×2 hyperbolic system under proportional feedback control is addressed. The semigroup approach and norm equivalence theorem is adopted to obtain the explicit dissipative condition for control parameters. The asymptotic spectral analysis of the system is presented. It is shown that the real part of the eigenvalues goes to some negative constant as the modulus of eigenvalues goes to +∞. Moreover, we find that there is a group of generalized eigenfunctions which forms a Riesz basis of the Hilbert state space. Hence, the spectrum determined growth condition holds, and then the exponential stability is established.

Formation Control Strategy for Underactuated Unmanned Surface Vehicles Subject to Unknown Dynamics and External Disturbances with Input Saturation

Dong-Dong Mu,Guo-Feng Wang,Yun-Sheng Fan 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2020 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.18 No.11

This paper addresses the formation tracking control problem of multiple underactuated unmanned surface vehicles. Considering many actual situations, a practical formation control scheme, which is performed by using a leader-follower approach, minimum learning parameter technique, adaptive technology and so on. Firstly, a virtual unmanned surface vehicle is designed according to the location information of the leader unmanned surface vehicle to estimate the leader’s speed information while reducing the communication bandwidth. Secondly, a formationcontrol law is designed to make the follower underactuated unmanned surface vehicles track the leader. Unknown dynamics and external disturbances are regarded as a whole and compensated by the minimum learning parameter technique instead of multi-layer neural network and the neural shunt model can handle multiple derivation problems of virtual control laws. Meanwhile, the robustness of the controlled system is improved through adaptive technology. Besides, an auxiliary design system is employed to constrain the output range of the control law. Finally, numerical simulations are implemented to prove the feasibility of the formation tracking control strategy.

On the uniform consistency of frequency polygons for ψ-mixing samples

Guo-dong Xing,Shan-chao Yang,Xin Liang 한국통계학회 2015 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.44 No.2

In this article, the frequency polygon investigated by Scott (1985) is studied as a nonparametric estimator for ψ-mixing samples. Under mild conditions, we prove the uniformly strong consistency of the estimator and obtain the corresponding rate of convergence which is nearly equal to the one obtained by Carbon et al. (1997) and, our results weaken the relevant conditions used by Carbon et al. (1997). In addition, the uniformly weak consistency is also given.

Tracking Control of Podded Propulsion Unmanned Surface Vehicle with Unknown Dynamics and Disturbance Under Input Saturation

Dong-Dong Mu,Guo-Feng Wang,Yun-Sheng Fan 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2018 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.16 No.4

This paper addresses two interrelated problems concerning the tracking control of podded propulsion unmanned surface vehicle (USV), namely, the modeling of podded propulsion USV, and trajectory tracking controller design. Based on the force analysis, the separation model of podded propulsion USV is established. Furthermore, a practical adaptive neural tracking controller is proposed by backstepping technique, neural network minimum parameter learning method, neural shunting model and auxiliary dynamic system without the exact information of hydrodynamic damping structure and the sea disturbances. Using Lyapunov stability analysis theory, it is proven that all error signals in the system are uniformly ultimately bounded. The advantages of the paper are that first, the underactuated characteristic of podded propulsion USV is demonstrated; then, neural shunting model and neural network minimum parameter learning method are introduced to cope with the problem of "explosion of complexity" and uncertainty factors, respectively; third, auxiliary dynamic system is introduced into controller design to reduce the risk of actuator saturation. Taking into account the above practical problems is helpful to engineering implementation in the marine practice. Finally, numerical simulation has been given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.