FPGA를 이용한 전파천문용 디지털 필터 설계에 관한 기본연구

정구영,노덕규,오세진,염재환,강용우,이창훈,정현수,김광동,Jung, Gu-Young,Roh, Duk-Gyoo,Oh, Se-Jin,Yeom, Jae-Hwan,Kang, Yong-Woo,Lee, Chang-Hoon,Chung, Hyun0Soo,Kim, Kwang-Dong 한국융합신호처리학회 2008 융합신호처리학회 논문지 (JISPS) Vol.9 No.1

본 논문에서는 전파천문용으로 사용하기 위한 대칭형 디지털 필터 코어의 설계를 제안한다. 본 논문에서는 Xilinx사의 Virtex-4 SX55 모델의 FPGA칩을 기반으로 한국우주전파관측망(Korean VLBI Network; KVN)의 자료획득시스템에서 요구하는 FIR 필터 코어의 기능을 VHDL 코드로 설계하였다. 본 논문에서 설계한 디지털 필터는 디지털 필터계수를 공유하여 시스템의 효율을 증대시킨 대칭형 구조(Symmetric Structure)를 갖는다. 대칭구조의 디지털 필터(Symmetric FIR Filter Unit; SFFU)는 제한된 시스템 클록을 이용하여 데이터의 처리를 효과적으로 수행하기 위해 병렬처리 방법을 사용한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 SFFU의 효율적인 설계를 위해 전체적인 IP core의 합성 및 실험에는 통합 합성 소프트웨어 ISE Foundation을 사용하였으며, GUI 환경이 뛰어난 core generator를 활용하였다. 설계한 디지털 필터 코어의 합성 결과, 최대 동작 주파수는 260MHz를 약간 상회하는 수준까지 달성하였으며, 슬라이스, LUT 등의 리소스 사용량은 40% 이하임을 확인하였다 또한 Mentor Graphics사의 Modelsim 6.la 버전을 이용하여 SFFU(Symmetric FIR Filter Unit)의 시뮬레이션을 수행한 결과, 오류 없이 작동하는 것을 확인하였다. SFFU의 기능을 확인하기 위하여 추가적으로 Matlab을 이용하여 의사 신호를 이용한 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 시뮬레이션과 설계한 디지털 FIR 필터의 비교실험결과에서 FIR 필터의 기능을 수행하고 있음을 확인할 수 있어 본 논문에서 FPGA와 VHDL을 이용하여 설계한 대칭구조의 디지털 FIR 필터의 유효성을 확인할 수 있었다. In this paper, we would like to propose the design of symmetric digital filter core in order to use in the radio astronomy. The function of FIR filter core would be designed by VHDL code required at the Data Acquisition System (DAS) of Korean VLBI Network (KVN) based on the FPGA chip of Vertex-4 SX55 model of Xilinx company. The designed digital filter has the symmetric structure to increase the effectiveness of system by sharing the digital filter coefficient. The SFFU(Symmetric FIR Filter Unit) use the parallel processing method to perform the data processing efficiently by using the constrained system clock. In this paper, therefore, for the effective design of SFFU, the Unified Synthesis software ISE Foundation and Core Generator which has excellent GUI environment were used to overall IP core synthesis and experiments. Through the synthesis results of digital filter core, we verified the resource usage is less than 40% such as Slice LUT and achieved the maximum operation frequency is more than 260MHz. We also confirmed the SFFU would be well operated without error according to the SFFU simulation result using the Modelsim 6.1a of Mentor Graphics Company. To verify the function of SFFU, we carried out the additional simulation experiments using the pseudo signal to the Matlab software. From the comparison experimental results of simulation and the designed digital FIR filter, we confirmed the FIR filter was well performed with filter's basic function. So we verified the effectiveness of the designed FIR digital filter with symmetric structure using FPGA and VHDL.

Coincidental Congenital Absence of the Posterior Arch of the Atlas and the Unilateral Lumbosacral Articular Process

Chang Hoon Jeon(전창훈),Gu Young Chung(정구영),Nam Su Chung(정남수),Un-Seup Jeoung(정운섭),Dong-hyun Lee(이동현),Jae-Hyun Jo(조재현) 대한정형외과학회 2007 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.42 No.4

본 저자들은 편측성 요천추부 후관절의 선천성 형성 부전과 동시에 발견된 환추 후궁의 선천성 완전 형성 부전의 증례를 경험하였다. 수영 코치인 21세 남자 환자가 요통과 우측 둔부 통증을 주소로 내원하였다. 단순 촬영과 컴퓨터 단충 촬영, 자기 공명 영상 촬영상 편측성 요천추부 후관절의 선천성 형성 부전이 관찰되었다. 6개월 후, 그는 신경학적 증상을 동반하지 않는 중증의 경부 통증과 후두하 두통을 호소하였다. 단순 촬영과 컴퓨터 단순 촬영상에서는 환추 후궁의 선천성 완선 형성 부전이 관찰되었다. 자기 공명 영상 촬영상에서 후측 척수의 비정상적 징후들은 발견되지 않았다. 척추 분절 불안정은 없었다. 본 증례의 환자는 요통과 경부 통증을 보전적 치료로 조절하였다. 본 증례는 편측성 요천추부 후관절의 선천성 형성 부전과 동시에 발견된 환추 후궁의 선천성 완전 형성 부전의 첫 번째 보고이다. We encountered a case of coincidental congenital complete absence of the posterior arch of the atlas and the unilateral lumbosacral articular process. A 21-year-old man presented with pain in the lower back and right buttock. The patient was a swimming coach. On plain radiography, computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, the congenital absence of the unilateral lumbosacral articular process was noted. Six months later, the patient developed severe neck pain and suboccipital headaches without neurological signs. On plain radiography and computerized tomography, the congenital complete absence of the posterior arch of the atlas was noted. Magnetic resonance imaging showed no abnormal signs originating from the posterior spinal cord. There was no segmental instability. For this case, the lower back pain and neck pain were managed by conservative treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of a coincidental congenital complete absence of the posterior arch of the atlas and the unilateral lumbosacral articular process.

Safe Triangle Within Dangerous Femoral Triangle For the Potential Space of True Anterior Hip Approach

Jae Ho Cho(조재호),Gu Young Chung(정구영),Min Suk Chung(정민석),Ye Yeon Won(원예연) 대한정형외과학회 2004 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.39 No.5

목적: 위험한 대퇴 삼각 부위에서 안전한 부위를 알아내 진정한 고관절 전방 도달 공간을 알아보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 사체 해부 연구를 통해 14사체 28부위의 대퇴 삼각 부위를 관찰하였다. 전하장골극에서 슬개골 상부 중심까지의 거리로 대퇴 직근의 길이를 측정하였으며, 전하장골극에서 서혜 인대와 평행하게 대퇴 신경까지의 거리를 측정하였다. 또한 전하장골극에서 대퇴 직근으로 분포하는 대퇴 신경 가지에 이르는 거리와 대퇴 직근으로 분포하는 혈관까지의 거리를 측정하고 그 해부학적 변이를 관찰하였다. 해부를 통해 알아낸 안전한 공간을 대퇴 골두 골절과 급성 세균성 고관절염 환자에 적용하였다. 결과: 대퇴 직근으로 가는 대퇴 신경의 가지는 주로 3개였다. 첫번째 가지는 전체 대퇴 직근 길이의 근위 20.0-28.9% 부분에서 근육에 들어갔고, 두번째 가지는 근위 22.5-37.5%, 세번째 가지는 24.9-41.0%, 혈관은 21.4-37.3% 부위로 근육에 분포되었다. 전하 장골극에서 대퇴 신경의 외측까지의 길이는 3.5-8.0 ㎝였다. 이 공간을 이용해 2예에서 기존의 방법(Smith-Peterson)에 더하여 보다 용이하게 수술이 시행되었다. 결론: 대퇴 삼각 부위 가장 중요한 구조물인 대퇴 직근 운동 신경의 위치로, 대퇴 직근 근위 20% 영역과 전하장골극에서 대퇴 신경 외측까지의 적어도 3.5 cm의 삼각형 공간, 특히 대퇴 직근과 장요근 사이의 공간은 고관절의 진정한 전방도달 수술 즉 대퇴 골두 골절, 소아 세균성 고관절염, 고관절 관절경의 수술 시 사용 가능한 공간으로 사료된다. Purpose: To evaluate the safe triangle within the femoral triangle for the potential space of the true anterior hip approach. Materials and Methods: Cadaveric dissections were carried out on 28 femoral triangles from 14 cadavers. This study measured the length of the direct head of the rectus femoris from the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) to the patella upper pole, the AIIS to the lateral border of the femoral nerve, and the entry point of the femoral nerve and vessel branches to the rectus. The safe portion within the risky femoral triangle was analyzed and applied to two clinical situations, a femoral head fracture and septic hip arthritis. Results: The examination showed that there were three terminal branches to the rectus femoris from the femoral nerve. The entry point of the first branch was at the proximal 20.0-28.9% portion of the rectus femoris. The second and the third branch entered at the proximal 22.5-37.5% and 24.9-41.0%, portion, respectively. The vessel entry was at 21.4-37.3%. The length from the AIIS to the femoral nerve was 3.5-8.0 ㎝. Using this space, the procedure was easier to perform in the two situations mentioned above. Conclusion: The space within the femoral triangle between the proximal 20% of the rectus femoris and iliacus can be used as one of the potential spaces for femoral head fracture fixation and septic hip irrigation in children, and as an arthroscopy portal.

The Recurrent Psoas Abscess Caused by Two Different Pathogens

Chang-Hoon Jeon(전창훈),Un-Seup Jeoung(정운섭),Gu-Young Chung(정구영),Sang-hwan Kim(김상환) 대한정형외과학회 2007 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.42 No.4

서로 다른 병원균에 의한 재발성 요근 농양에 대한 경험을 보고하고자 한다. 복부 전산화 단층 촬영에서 우측 장요근을 따라 다격막 낭성 종괴를 관찰하였다. 항생제 치료와 함께 전산화 단층 촬영하에 도관을 이용한 경피 흡인술과 배농이 시행되었다. 미생물학 검사상 클렙시엘라 뉴모니아(Klebsiella pneumoniae)가 검출되었다. 6개월 후, 환자는 식욕부진, 권태감, 상복부 동통, 요통과 발열을 호소하였다. 복부 전산화 단층 촬영상 우측 장요근 하방에 농양이 관찰되었다. 더불어 충수염과 충수주위 농양이 동반되었다. 골반부 자기 공명 영상 촬영상 요근 농양이 우측 요장근에 관찰되었다. 충수절제술과 개복술을 시행하였고 요근 농양에서 대장균(Escherichiacoli)이 검출되었다. 이번 증례가 서로 다른 병원균에 의한 최초의 재발성 요근 농양의 보고라고 사료되어 이를 보고한다. We report a case of a recurrent psoas abscess caused by two different pathogens. The abdominal CT scans revealed a multiseptated cystic mass along the right psoas-iliacus muscle. The patient was treated with antibiotics treatment in combination with CT-guided percutaneous aspiration and drainage using a catheter. The microbiological examination revealed Klebsiella pneumoniae. Six months later, the patient presented with anorexia, malaise, epigastric pain, lower back pain and fever of 37.8°C for a one-week duration. The abdominal CT scans revealed an abscess cavity on the inferior side of the right psoaos-iliacus muscle. This was accompanied by retrocecal appendicitis and a periappendiceal abscess. Magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis showed that the psoas abscess was located on the right psoas-iliacus muscle. We performed an appendectomy and laparotomy. Subsequently, the culture yielded Escherichia coli in the psoas abscess. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a recurrent psoas abscess caused by two different pathogens.

한국우주전파관측망(KVN)을 위한 시각 시스템 구축과 성능측정

오세진,제도흥,이창훈,노덕규,정현수,변도영,김광동,김효령,정구영,안우진,황정욱,Oh, Se-Jin,Je, Do-Heung,Lee, Chang-Hoon,Roh, Duk-Gyoo,Chung, Hyun-Soo,Byun, Do-Young,Kim, Kwang-Dong,Kim, Hyo-Ryung,Jung, Gu-Young,Ahn, Woo-Jin,Hwang, Jeong 한국천문학회 2007 天文學論叢 Vol.22 No.4

In this paper, we describe the proposed KVN (Korean VLBI Network) clock system in order to make the observation of the VLBI effectively. In general, the GPS system is widely used for the time information in the single dish observation. In the case of VLBI observation, a very high precise frequency standard is needed to perform the observation in accordance with the observation frequency using the radio telescope with over 100km distance. The objective of the high precise clock system is to insert the time-tagging information to the observed data and to synchronize it with the same clock in overall equipments which used in station. The AHM (Active Hydrogen Maser) and clock system are basically used as a frequency standard equipments at VLBI station. This system is also adopted in KVN. The proposed KVN clock system at each station consists of the AHM, GPS time comparator, standard clock system, time distributor, and frequency standard distributor. The basic experiments were performed to check the AHM system specification and to verify the effectiveness of implemented KVN clock system. In this paper, we briefly introduce the KVN clock system configuration and experimental results.

MARK5B 시스템을 이용한 전파천문 데이터 처리

오세진,염재환,노덕규,정현수,제도흥,김광동,김범국,황철준,정구영,Oh, Se-Jin,Yeom, Jae-Hwan,Roh, Duk-Gyoo,Chung, Hyun-Soo,Je, Do-Heung,Kim, Kwang-Dong,Kim, Bum-Koog,Hwang, Cheol-Jun,Jung, Gu-Young 한국천문학회 2006 天文學論叢 Vol.21 No.2

In this paper, we describe the radio astronomical data processing system implementation using Mark5B and its development. KASI(Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute) is constructing the KVN (Korean VLBI Network) until the end of 2007, which is the first VLBI(Very Long Baseline Interferometery) facility in Korea and dedicated for the mm-wave VLBI observation. KVN will adopt the DAS (Data Acquisition System) consisting of digital filter with various function and 1Gsps high-speed sampler to digitize the radio astronomical data for analyzing on the digital filter system. And the analyzed data will be recorded to recorder up to 1Gbps data rates. To test this, we have implemented the system which is able to process 1Gbps data rates and carried out the data recording experiment.

부산지역 무균성 뇌막염 원인 바이러스의 분리 및 동정 : 1998년을 중심으로

김영희,정영기,김기순,지영미,윤재득,김병준,구평태,민상기,정구영,김만수,조경순 동의대학교 기초과학연구소 2000 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.10 No.1

The incidence of aseptic meningitis infection is ensuing and threatening the health of children. Enteroviruses are the major agents of aseptic meningitis and identification of virus has been a clue to diagnosis and epidemiology. The outbreak of aseptic meningitis occurred in Pusan, 1998. Patients were concentrated from April through November. Children were more susceptible than adults. Among 306 cases of specimens from stool, throat swab tested, only 7.2% were positive on virus isolation, 12 cases from stool and 10 from throat, respectively. All isolated 7 serotypes of viruses represented cytopathic effect on cultured cells. Three types of echovirus 6, 25, 30 and coxsackievirus B2, B3, B4, B6 were identified by neutralizing anti body test. Isolated coxsackievirus and echovirus were observed by an electron microscope with negative staining.

동종인대 이용한 인대 재건술

민병현,정구영 대한정형외과학회 골.연부조직이식학회 2003 대한골.연부 조직이식학회지 Vol.3 No.2

부산지역 무균성 뇌막염 원인 바이러스의 분리 및 동정 : 1998 년을 중심으로

조경순,김만수,정구영,민상기,구평태,김병준,윤재득,지영미,김기순,김영희,정영기 한국환경과학회 1999 한국환경과학회지 Vol.8 No.2

The incidence of aseptic meningitis infection is ensuing and threatening the health of children. Enteroviruses are the major agents of aseptic meningitis and identification of virus has been a clue to diagnosis and epidemiology. The outbreak of aseptic meningitis occurred in Pusan, 1998. Patients were concentrated from April through November. Children were more susceptible than adults. Among 306 cases of specimens from stool, throat swab tested, only 7.2% were positive on virus isolation, 12 cases from stool and 10 from throat, respectively. All isolated 7 serotypes of viruses represented cytopathic effect on cultured cells. Three types of echovirus 6, 25, 30 and coxsackievirus B2, B3, B4, B6 were identified by neutralizing antibody test. Isolated coxsackievirus and echovirus were observed by an electron microscope with negative staining.

한국사람 손바닥문의 생김새

이제만,정민석,정호근,이경종,신동훈,안미선,김도윤,이민석,정구영,정연무,조한범,유상준,박성식 아주대학교 1997 아주의학 Vol.2 No.2

Palm prints have been used for personal identification because they are unique to each individual. Palm prints have also been used for diagnosing genetic disorders and for revealing physical anthropological characteristics, due to their specific appearance characteristic of genetic factors and nationality. Therefore, several analytical methods of palm prints have been developed and applied for the purpose described. However, in the previous reports, the analytical methods of palm prints and the numbers of subjects were insufficient to find Standard values for Korean palm prints. In this study, in order to determine the Standard value for Korean palm prints, we examined palm prints of 3216 Korean adults (2095 males and 1121 females), analyzed the data according to sex and side of hand, and compared with those of foreigners. The results are s follows: 1) The incidence of 7, 9, and 11 of D was 41.8%, 33.5%, and 20.4%, respectively. Comparing the incidences 017, 9, and 11 of D in Koreans with those of foreigners, the Korean belong to the Asians including the Japanese, the Chinese, and the Philippine, however, the Korean was doser to the Blacks and distant from the Whites than the other Asians. 2) The palm prints were classified into the open type in which B terminates at the ulnar border of hand, and the dosed type in which B does not. Open type, 7-5-5 (male 37.6%, female 39.5%) and 9-7-5 (male 23.9%, female 25.5%), was more frequent in female than in male, while dosed type, 11-9-7 (male 9.8%, female 9.1%), was more frequent in male than in female. Also, open type, 7-5-5 (right 28.9%, left 47.6%), was more frequent in left hand than in right hand, while dosed type, 11-9-7 (right 17.1%, left 2.1%), was more frequent in right hand than in left hand. Consequently, open type was more frequent in the weak hand, whereas dosed type was more frequent in strong hand. 3) Because a-b (39.2) and c-d (35.0) were more numerous than b-c (27.8), distance between a and b and between c and d were longer than that between c and d. The long distance of a, b and c, d could be resulted by wide moving range of second finger and fifth finger, respectively. Also, there was a tendency that the palmar ridge counts of right hand was more numerous than those of left hand, which could be resulted by wide moving range of right fingers in the right-handed persons who were more frequent than the left-handed persons. 4) O, in which there was no triradius, and X, in which dermal ridge from a triradius was blocked and terminated at the other dermal ridge, were frequent in C (O 7.8%, × 7.2%) than in D (O 0.1%, × 0.1%) or in B (O 0.4%, X 1.2%). The frequency of 0 and X in C was thought to be related with the location of ein the narrow space between d and b. The narrow space between d and b was known because c-d and b-c was less numerous than a-b. 5) The distances between adjacent triradii were longer in male than in female, however, the palmar ridge counts for a-b, b-c, and c-d were less numerous in male than in female. Consequently, dermal ridges were thought to be thicker in male than in female. The Standard values of Korean palm prints obtained from this study are expected to be used for both diagnosing genetic disorders and for revealing physical anthropological characteristics in Korea. Further studies to clarify the relationship between the palm prints and the power of hand as well as the moving range of fingers are in need.